Unit 6 Animal IntelligenceI. VocabularyPart OneDirections: Match the words in column A with the definitions in column B.1. dominant a. try to come to an agreement2. relieve b. taking great care to avoid danger3. thrive c. make larger or longer4. extend d. free from pain, anxiety5. maintain e. extremely impressive and attractive6. negotiate f. grow strong and healthy7. cautious g. continue to do or have sth.8. magnificent h. having control or authorityPart TwoDirections: Choose the proper words or expressions and put the number in the blanks.1. undertake2. wipe out3. serves our purpose4. evidence5. size up6. encounter7. controversy8. nevertheless9. pull yourself together10. typical11. go far12. threw up13. in his interest 14. release1. The more dangerous we ____ the harder should we push forward..2. These measures should _____ towards solving the problem.3. Such bragging is _____ of his behavior.4. You should try to ____ your memory of those terrible events.5. I t‟s a matter of duty. That‟s why I‟m prepared to _____ it.6. Just _____. There is no point crying about it.7. The contractor ____ some temporary sheds to hold the new equipment.8. This payment will _____ you from further obligation to the company.9. We have found a house that _____.10. It is _____ to keep in touch with a business contact.Part ThreeDirections: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given in the bracket.1. The critic‟s ____ of the book is that i t is poorly written. (assess)2. He was a _____ investor who studied the market before buying. (caution)3. Sound the alarm only in an _____. (emergent)4. The child opened the package with _____ pleasure. (evidence)5. The new traffic regulations will cause much _____ among drivers. (controversial)6. New mathematics _____ new ways of thinking. (originality)7. The behavior of the stranger aroused our ______. (suspicious)8. The well-known singer was ______ at the piano by a brass band. (company)9. My sister had a very ______ nature, we all did what she wanted. (dominate)10.This library was ______ to the laboring people before liberation. (access)Part FourDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices given under each sentence.1. The nurse ______ his pain by giving him a cold drink.A. releasedB. set freeC. relievedD. relived2. The islands are _____ from the mainland by a vast stretch of sea.A. isolated.B. dividedC. blockedD. split3. The factory was so organized that if the demand for refrigerators fell off they could ___ theproduction of washing-machines.A. negotiate withB. take toC. switch toD. hold out4. Mary didn‟t ______ the new rule her father made of being home at 6 o‟clock.A. take intoB. take afterC. take onD. take to5. As he approached the end of the race, he found it had to ____ his speed.A. carry onB. catch upC. maintainD. preserve6. Beer has a very distinctive smell, it‟s quite ____ from the smell of wine.A. distinctB. distinguishC. featureD. distinctive7. I can‟t ____ why she married a man like that.A. reason outB. figure outC. make out ofD. take out8. The teacher was _____ to find that John, the laziest boy in her class, had got an A in the English final examination.A. surprisedB. shockedC. astonishedD. amazed9. Many people ____ their lack of knowledge as soon as they start talking.A. displayB. dispatchC. disregardD. dissolve10. Dark glasses serve to _____ the eyes from the glare of the sun,A. saveB. shieldC. shelterD. defend11. ______ a slight mistake, the answer is correct.A. ExceptB. BesidesC. Apart fromD. In addition to12. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ___.A. consciousnessB. impulseC. instinctD. response13. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ___ character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particular14. The proposal was ___ as too radical by the committee.A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. repelled15. The ex-convict went to another part of the country in an ____ to lead a new and law-abiding life.A. endeavorB. tryC. striveD. attempt16. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.A. extensiveB. expensiveC. intensiveD. expansive17. I was trying to ____ him ___, but failed because he didn‟t fit into any type I knew.A. check…throughB. size…upC. pick…outD. note…down18. Her peculiar personality _____ her unfortunate childhood.A. results inB. stems fromC. derives fromD. stands for19. Even at that early stage, the school felt that she ___ a good chance of passing her exams.A. stoodB. gainedC. possessedD. took20. Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few ___ apartments in the area.A. freeB. vacantC. emptyD. blankII. StructurePart OneDirections: Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.1. He met her in the doorway just as she ____ to go away.A. be about toB. is about toC. was about toD. will be about to2. Busy ___ he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.A. becauseB. no matter howC. asD. although3. I urged that he ___ these steps.A. takesB. tookC. takeD. taking4. Many people are only dimly aware of the ways in which the environment can be protected; ___ have governments made sufficient effort to educate them.A. soB. norC. neitherD. but5. Would you mind ___ quiet for a moment? I am trying ___ a form.A. keeping…filling outB. keeping… to fill outC. to keep.. to fill outD. to keep…filling out6. Tom promised that he would not be late for the meeting this time, _____ he were late again?A. how aboutB. but whatC. but what ifD. and what about7. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by angry crowd.A. most of whichB. both of whomC. few of themD. those of which8. He opened his lips as if ___ something.A. sayingB. having saidC. saysD. to say9. The air pollution in this area has reached the point ____ residents have to shut their windows 24 hours a day.A. whichB. asC. thatD. where10. I‟d prefer _____ on such on a cold night.A. staying at home watching TV than going outB. to stay at home watching TV rather than go outC. staying at home watching TV to going outD. to stay at home watching TV than to go out11. ____ the doctor right away, he might be alive today.A. Should he have gone toB. If he went toC. Were he to goD. Had he gone to12. Very seldom _____ that two clocks or watches exactly agree.A. you findB. find youC. you will findD. do you find13. He was one of the first persons, ____ a car like this one.A. if not the first person drivingB. if not the first person, to driveC. if was not the first person drivingD. if was not the first person to drive14. Animal observations point out that the rabbit chews down trees to get food and material ____its home.A. with that to buildB. with which to buildC. which to be built inD. which to build in15. I can‟t understand _____ decision until it is late.A. him to postpone to makeB. him postpone makingC. his postpone to makeD. his postponing making16. _____ their inexperience, they‟ve done a good job.A. ConsideringB. GivenC. Allowing forD. all of the above17. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ____ to it.A. have not goneB. did not goC. had not goneD. should not have gone18. I object ____ for such a difficult job.A. His being too youngB. that he is too youngC. to his being too youngD. to him being too young19. They claim that ____ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.A. sufficientlyB. approximatelyC. considerablyD. properly20. Farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling through Grain Exchange. It happened too oftenthat they sold their wheat soon after harvest ____ see prices rising and speculators getting rich.A. only toB. so as toC. in order toD. in attempts toPart TwoDirections: Identify the ONE that is not correct and write down the correct answer.1. The new air-conditioner seems to have gone wrong. Why don‟t call the repairman to check it?A B C D( )2. Although the Indians lacking animals hey had the ability to cultivate plants suitable for dailyA B C Duse.( )3. As we approached to the village, we saw many new houses being built.A B C D ( )4. After interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A B C D ( )5. Our civilization is so commonplace to us that rarely we stop to think about its complexity.A B C D ( )6. The noise problem as well as several other issues is going to be discussed in details whenA Bthe Congress is in session again next spring.C Ｄ( )7. Either humans and animals learns by experience, and what is learned influences the planningA B Cand carrying out of simple actions.D ( )8. Early movies had appeal immediate and became a means to present contemporary attitudesＡ B C D fashions, and events. ( )9. Two unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.ＡＢＣ D( )10. Elephants are considered to be among the intelligent of mammals and can be trained toＡＢ C work and performing.Ｄ( )A)III. ClozePart OneDirections: Fill in the gaps with any word that you think fit.Pumas are large, cat-like animals that are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo 1 a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south 2 London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged3 investigate, for the descriptions4 by people who claimed to have seen the5 wereextraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village 6 a woman picking blackberries saw …a large cat‟ only five yards 7 from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 8 it is cornered. The search 9 difficult, for the puma was often observed at one 10 in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.A)Part TwoDirections: Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Once a day a cheap, gaudy packet（邮船）arrived upward from St. Louis, and 1 2 from Keokuk. Before these 3 , the day was glorious 4 expectancy; 5 them, the day was a dead and empty thing. Not only the boys, but the 6 village, felt this. After all these years I can 7 that old 8 to myself now, just as it was then: the white town 9 in the sunshine of a summer‟s morning; the street was 10 or pretty 11 so; one or two clerks sat in front of the water street stores, with their splint-bottomed (细木条底的) chairs tilted back 12 the walls, chins 13 breasts, hats 14 15 their faces, asleep — with shingle-shavings (屋顶板) enough around to show what broke them 16 ; a sow (母猪) and a 17 of pigs loafed18 the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds (西瓜皮) and seeds; two or threelonely little freight piles 19 about the “levee” (防洪提); two or three wood flats were at the head of the wharf, but nobody 20 listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them.1. A. one B. another C. the other D. others2. A. upward B. southward C. northward D. downward3. A. events B. incidents C. occurrence D. happenings4. A. of B. in C. with D. for5. A. except B. after C. without D. complete6. A. total B. all C. whole D. complete7. A. picture B. recall C. remember D. imagine8. A. times B. time C. picture D. memory9. A. drowsing B. drowses C. drowse D. drowsed10. A. vacant B. blank C. empty D. hollow11. A. nearly B. almost C. practically D. thus12. A. upon B. along C. with D. against13. A. at B. on C. by D. above14. A. slouch B. slouches C. slouched D. slouching15. A. over B. on C. above D. off16. A. up B. down C. out D. off17. A. group B. couple C. dozen D. litter18. A. across B. along C. about D. around19. A. scattered B. scattering C. scatter D. scatters20. A. can B. wants C. will D. wouldIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage OneA)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. Theyspoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you.Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs loves performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animals.1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to ____.A.worsen in modern societyB.occur when they go wildC.be just part of their natureD.present at threat to the community2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ____.A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.enable the dog to regain its normal behaviorC.make the dog aware of its owner‟s authorityD.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is ___.A.an extreme measure in obedience trainingB. a good way to teach the dog new tricksC.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksD.essential to solve the dog‟s beh avior problems4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?A.To show their willingness to obeyB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To avoid being punishedD.To win leadership of the dog pack5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner ___.A.will enjoy a better family lifeB.can give the dog more freedomC.can give the dog more rewardsD.will have more confidence in himselfPassage TwoThe human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of them may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure, quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon‟s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of human and as their cost declines through economies of scale, we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be minded. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.6. In what way can we make a machine intelligent?A.By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or spaceB.By working hard for 10 or 20 yearsC.By either properly programming it or changing its structureD.By reproducing it.7. What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?A.He believes they will be useful to human beings.B.He believes that they will control us in the future.C.He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.D.He doesn‟t consider the construction of such machines possible.8. The word “ carbon” stands for _____.A.intelligent robotsB. a chemical elementC.its organic substanceD.human beings9. A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when ____.A.its intelligence and cost are beyond questionB.it is able to bear the rough environmentC.it is made as complex as the human brainD.its architecture is different from that of the present ones.10. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.A.after the installing of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable ofself-reproductionB.with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility ofmaking a machine with human-like abilityC.once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligenceD.robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in spacePassage ThreeRecent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill-effect on people‟s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative ions. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrow (地洞), dogs to howl and cats to jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to found a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers; small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not onlyclean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic (地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?A.They think they are mad.B.They feel very tired.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by _____.ing home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programs on a computer13. By observing the behavior of animals, scientists may be able to ____.A.prevent disasteranize groups of peopleC.predict earthquakesD.control areas of California14. A high negative ion count is likely to be found _____.A.near a pond with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler15. People should be able to come to a decision about ion in the air if they _____.A.note their own reactionsB.move to a healthier areaC.observe domestic animalsD.watch how wealthy people behavePassage FourThe first step in exercising for most people is determining whether or not they should. This is particularly true with anyone over thirty-five, especially if they have been heavy smokers. Likewise, young adults who have been very inactive should proceed slowly and with caution. A physical evaluation from a physician is recommended, preferably one that includes an exercise-stress test. While a person is exercising, a stress test detects cardiovascular (心血管的) problems that might not show up when the body is at rest. This is done by monitoring blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, and the heart‟s electrical activity while exercising.Whatever exercise program is selected, it is important to start with warm-up periods. These should include stretching exercises, jumping jacks (原地跳跃运动), or brisk walking. The idea is to increase heart rate and circulation slowly without placing a sudden strain on the heart or the muscles that are starting to work.The next phase in developing an exercise program is to determine the amount of exercise that is enough to condition the muscles and cardiovascular system without overly straining to body. This involves taking one‟s pulse and finding one‟s target zone. This ta rget zone, or safe-training pulse rate, is established by subtracting one‟s age from 220 and then taking 60 percent to 80 percent of that total. If you are just starting to exercise 60 percent is recommended; 80 percent is recommended if you are already in good condition.16. According to the passage, any one over thirty-five should ______.A.stop smoking right awayB.do morning exercises every dayC.take an exercise-stress test before exercisingD.go and see a doctor after exercising17. Which of the following is not included in a stress test?A.Monitoring blood pressureB.Observing one‟s pulse rateC.Watching one‟s oxygen consumptionD.Increasing one‟s heart rate.18. The author suggests that if you are healthy and at the age of 40, the safe-training pulse rateshould be _____.A.220B.144C.108D.8019. The word “phase” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as _____.A.conditionB.appearanceC.stepD.expression20. The passage is mainly about ______.A.what steps should be taken when exercisingB.how to get started on an exercise programC.how to select an exercise programD.when to start exercisingV. TranslationPart One一天，苏姗带她两岁的女儿安妮到郊外的动物园玩。
