英语修辞复习

1 英语修辞手法总结

Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative.

When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to

lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive

imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we

are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.

1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison

between two unlike elements having at least one quality or

characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words

like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we

associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a

thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison

between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is

implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.

3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile

or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of

resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things

that have several common qualities or points of resemblance. 2 4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to

animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的)

objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind

whistled through the trees.

5) Hyperbole: (夸张）： It is the deliberate use of overstatement or

exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died

laughing.

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or

overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by

deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the

reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare

statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.

7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or

inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest

something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass

away".

8) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with

the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For

instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 3 9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for

the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's

bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.

10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not

often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example,

Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for

a traitor.

11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the

form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his

legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a

person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)

12) Solipsism: (一语双叙） It has two connotations. In the first case,

it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a

word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while

properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or

syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired

us to follow him. (Here we are used to refer to you and me.)

In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the

same sentence. For example, while he was fighting, and losing limb

and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and 4 career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is

figurative, and means to go mad.)

13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to

modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence,

properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them

in different senses. For example, the sun shall not burn you by day

or the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)

14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis

by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of

the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we

are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 15) Innuendo:

(暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the

weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a

bathroom.

16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks

in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule

and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws