Feed in Tariff Brochure马来西亚光伏补贴政策宣传资料

1.意大利：英文邮件原文I apologize for not having sent the email in English, anyway I thought that the figures could be easily understoodThere has been a new law in Italy regarding PV.Till June 2011 the former law is in force but only for those projects started before Dec 2010, that should be absolutely finished on June 2011. That's why in March the market was stoped because there were no options for new projectsThere will be a maximum of 2 GW for the period June 2011 till Dec 2011. With a monthly gradual reduction in the Feed in Tariff from 32,3 Euro cents per kWh till 25 eurocents per kWh at the end of the year.For 2012 and 2013 there will be a maximum of 2GW each year, with a reduction in the FiT of 15% yearly (21,5 euro cents for 2012 and 18 eurocents for 2013)Maximum power on ground: 5MWThe FiT will be finished in 2017.These are the head lines of the new law in Italy.Best regards2.意大利当地时间5月5日的内阁会议上，政府正式签署通过了讨论已久的“第4号能源法案”，这个2010年全球第二大光伏安装市场的新补贴政策最终敲定，新法案将于6月1日起开始生效。

光伏优惠政策
光伏优惠政策是指政府为鼓励和支持光伏产业发展而制定的一系列优
惠政策。

目前，我国光伏产业已经成为全球最大的光伏市场，政府对
光伏产业的支持也越来越大。

首先，光伏优惠政策主要包括财政补贴、税收优惠、土地使用优惠等
方面。

其中，财政补贴是最为重要的一项政策。

政府通过向光伏企业
提供一定的补贴，降低了光伏企业的生产成本，提高了企业的盈利能力。

此外，政府还对光伏企业的税收进行了优惠，降低了企业的税负，进一步提高了企业的盈利能力。

此外，政府还为光伏企业提供了土地
使用优惠，降低了企业的用地成本，进一步提高了企业的盈利能力。

其次，光伏优惠政策的实施，对于促进光伏产业的发展具有重要的意义。

光伏产业是一种新兴的产业，具有很大的发展潜力。

政府通过制
定光伏优惠政策，可以有效地促进光伏产业的发展，提高光伏产业的
竞争力，进一步推动我国经济的发展。

最后，光伏优惠政策的实施，对于保护环境、减少污染也具有重要的
意义。

光伏产业是一种清洁能源产业，具有很大的环保优势。

政府通
过制定光伏优惠政策，可以有效地鼓励企业投资光伏产业，减少对传
统能源的依赖，降低对环境的污染，进一步保护环境。

总之，光伏优惠政策的实施，对于促进光伏产业的发展、推动我国经济的发展、保护环境、减少污染等方面都具有重要的意义。

政府应该继续加大对光伏产业的支持力度，进一步完善光伏优惠政策，为光伏产业的健康发展提供更加有力的保障。

光伏补贴政策近年来，随着全球经济和环境问题的日益严峻，光伏发电等替代能源受到了越来越广泛的关注。

而与之相关的，光伏补贴政策也成为了备受关注的话题。

本文将从多个角度对光伏补贴政策进行探讨。

一、光伏补贴政策的目的首先，光伏补贴政策的目的是什么呢？简而言之，它就是为了促进光伏发电的建设和发展，从而减少对传统化石能源的依赖，降低能源消耗的环境和经济成本。

在实施光伏补贴政策之前，一些国家需要采取相应的措施，例如对传统能源的消费和排放设置税收，进行环境保护、节能和碳减排，以激励居民、企业和政府投资并使用光伏系统。

二、光伏补贴政策的种类一般来说，光伏补贴政策都可以分为三大类：国家补助、地方补贴和财政支持。

1. 国家补助国家补助是指由中央政府直接提供的财政支持。

这种补贴通常会分配给能源公司、发电公司或独立的光伏公司，以资助光伏发电的建设和发展。

2. 地方补贴地方补贴是指由地方政府提供的财政支持，通常是通过市/州层面的事务所或领导机构来实现。

这些机构将会与当地的光伏公司一起运作，以保证建设和发展的顺利进行。

3. 财政支持财政支持是指对于符合条件的光伏领域企业和项目，依照一定标准享受财政补助的一种政策，以支持光伏发电的发展。

三、光伏补贴政策的实施光伏补贴政策的实施并非一蹴而就，需要完整的流程和规划。

首先，应当由政府出台相关政策和标准。

其次，需要光伏企业和项目符合相关资质认证要求。

最后，能够累计以往财政支持和现有补贴，以促进光伏企业的生产和发展。

同时，尽管光伏补贴政策可以对光伏公司进行技术、生产和运营的支持，但这并不代表其不受限制和监管。

目前，国家和地方都对光伏系统专门进行了核查和机制改革，以保证其长期的可持续性发展。

四、光伏补贴政策的影响对于整个社会来说，光伏补贴政策不仅能减少人们对传统化石能源的依赖，降低能源消耗的环境和经济成本，还能创造出更多的就业机会。

同时，对光伏企业和项目来说，这种补贴政策能够有效地降低建设成本、提高企业竞争力等。

世界各国最新光伏补贴政策盘点（2）"阳光国度"澳大利亚对太阳能的热情被称作"革命"，民众对太阳能大力支持，这与政府的扶持分不开。

据悉，早在2000年，澳大利亚政府就出台政策扶持太阳能，普通家庭安装太阳能发电系统，可获得最高8000澳元的补贴。

2017年，澳政府取消补贴政策，代之以对利用可再生能源所发电力的回购法案。

居民利用太阳能发的"绿色电能"，可以自家使用；也可以通过双向智能电表输送到电网中，政府以高于普通电价的优惠价格收购"绿色电能"。

此外，澳大利亚政府还推出了名为"绿色贷款"的政府无息贷款计划，银行也推出了一系列的低利率贷款种类，鼓励民众安装太阳能发电系统。

2017年12月，澳大利亚屋顶光伏发电破3GW，又有雄心勃勃的"百万屋顶计划"。

而托尼˙阿博特的削减或废除国家可再生能源目标，被指与"并未与澳大利亚人民在一起"。

由于担心政府废除国家可再生能源目标（即2020年可再生能源产能达45000GWh）并消除对安装太阳能系统的人提供补贴，澳大利亚太阳能协会已发起"拯救太阳能"活动。

奥地利财政部征收太阳能入网费奥地利财政部出台了一项举措，要求年产能超过5千千瓦时中型自用光伏系统缴纳入网费，类似于德国可再生能源法案（EEG）中的修改提议。

2017年3月1日之后安装的此类光伏系统，须按1.5欧分/千瓦时缴纳入网费用。

此项举措预计在8月正式出台。

此举遭到了奥地利光伏联邦商会的强烈批评，指出免费入网可以刺激该国的商业光伏领域，特别是中小企业方面。

而很多人认为，奥地利光伏行业令人瞩目的巨大进步，正是得益于该国实施的上网电价方案及激励机制。

英国议会放松太阳能“颈绳”光伏发电将迎爆发英国史云顿市镇议会日前投票通过措施，其将允许光伏电站根据地方发展订单，在预先核准的站点开发，放松对光伏电站的规划控制。

全球光伏市场补贴政策解析当今全球，各国光伏产业的发展均离不开政府的补贴政策，德国的补贴政策成就了Q-cell，日本的补贴政策成就了夏普，江苏无锡的政府支持成就了无锡尚德，江西新余的政府支持成就了赛维LDK。

正因为产业与政府政策如此紧密地关联，光伏业才会不时出现因政策变动而变幻莫测的动荡局面，为此，全局把握世界最新光伏政策、纵览各国光伏补贴动态成为众多光伏企业们时刻关注的焦点。

回顾以往各国的光伏补贴政策，我们大致可分三类：一，对安装光伏系统直接进行补贴，如日本；二，对光伏发电的上网电价进行设定，如德国、西班牙；三，将以上两种政策混合执行，如美国加利福尼亚州。

以上三种不同的补贴政策均不同程度上刺激了光伏产业的发展，笔者对此进行了相关整理及市场走访，将全球光伏市场划分为欧洲市场、美洲市场、亚洲市场及其他国家与地区市场，每个市场对应不同的国家光伏政策。

欧洲市场以德国、西班牙、意大利、捷克、法国等光伏热点国家为代表的欧洲光伏市场政策成为分析的对象。

1、德国，消减、消减、再消减2010年7月，德国联邦参议院通过了可再生能源法光伏发电上网补贴修订案，7月1日后在德境内建造光伏发电系统补贴额减少13%，转换地区（原非电站用地改成电站用地）补贴额减少8%，其他地区补贴额减少12%。

到2010年10月1日，补贴额将在7月1日的基础上再减少3%。

其补贴逐渐递减的政策，清晰地传达了德国政府逐步放手，试探并鼓励光伏产业降低成本、自主发展的意图，如下表：（表1，德国光伏补贴政策统计简表）德国几乎一直是光伏行业的头号国家，德国补贴政策的消减让众多光伏企业展开了不同的动作，甚至使得德国开始出现抢装现象。

然而德国政府的补贴消减动作并未满足于此，据悉德国2011年将再降补助，预估将持续影响整体欧洲市场需求。

有业内人士表示，全球市占率高达5成的德国市场，受到2011年将再下砍补助的影响，很有可能将步入光伏市场成长倒退或迟缓期，预计2010年总安装量接近70亿瓦，但2011年恐怕安装量只剩40亿瓦。

盘点：国内外光伏产业的财税政策目前，光伏产品的市场需求不断扩大，其巨大的发展空间正逐步得以显现，并逐渐成为拉动经济增长的新的增长点。

各国政府促进光伏产业发展的相关政策不断出台，促进了光伏产业的迅速发展。

因此，中国政府也需要相应的财政税收政策，引导光伏产业走上良性发展的道路。

发展光伏产业不仅对能源安全具有一定的意义，还有一定的环境意义，同时可以加速完成《京都议定书》中相应的减排承诺。

因此，促进光伏产业的财税政策也是一种现实的需要，从这个角度上讲，有一定的现实意义。

一、国外促进光伏产业发展的财税政策1.1、德国光伏产业财税政策德国地处欧洲中部，化石能源相当医乏，是世界排名第五的能源消费国，据统计，德国的石油消耗量居世界第三位，天然气据欧盟第二位。

据统计，国内除了褐煤可以自给外，石油、天然气、烟煤几乎都要依赖进口，进口比例达到95%，84%，60%。

在德国国内由于严格的环境保护法律和对员工职业健康的要求，使得煤业开采企业进入新世纪时只剩下一个煤业集团和他下属的10个煤矿。

在能源消耗中褐煤、核能还不足27%，巨大的进口量比例己经威胁到德国的能源安全，因此发展新能源被提上了议事口程。

德国是京都议定书的积极推动者和坚定执行者，新能源的研发开始的比较早，同时德国也是最早提倡使用光伏发电的国家之一。

虽然国内有66%的时间被云层覆盖，可是经过努力光伏产业在国内还是取得了很大进展，德国的Heliatek GmbH公司于2012年初投资1400万欧元建设全球首家有机光伏组件生产线，有可能打开建筑玻璃和建筑表面用材市场，生产线计划6个月建成，并于当年完成2-3MW，转换率可达到9.8%。

在非晶硅薄膜电池方面，Center of Solar Energy联手Hydrogen Research Baden-Wurttemberg己经研制出转换率在20.1%的高效薄膜电池，接近传统发电的转换率，具有很强的市场竞争力。

同时，德国拥有世界上最大的光伏市场，在2006年占全球光伏发电的55%，并产生了38亿欧元的销售额。

欧洲各国光伏补贴政策意大利光伏补贴政策令人心忧而前景可期不久前，意大利补贴政策已经出炉，从新的政策来看，意大利市场不免让人有些担忧。

新政策对补贴上限及金额提出了具体规划。

新政策显示，2011年6月-2016年的光伏补贴上限为23G W，年均4.18GW。

另外大型项目2012年前有3.1GW的上限要求，2013-2016年有9.77GW的上限。

而补贴金额下降为每年60-70亿欧元，具体补贴下调如下：(1)2011年6月份,原有上网电价补贴将进一步削减4%-11%:小型系统下跌约4%,大型屋顶系统下降约11%；(2)6月份开始，上网电价将以月为单位进行调整，根据系统规模的大小，7月份将在6月份基础上下调2%-5%，预计到2011年底，FIT将在现在的基础上下降26%-42%；(3)2012年上半年和下半年将分两次进行8-12%的进一步下调，预计到2012年底，FIT将再削减20%左右；(4)2013-2016年，按照每个季度进行4%的下调；根据国外分析机构的统计，2010年意大利装机量为5.8-6GW左右。

近期补贴政策的出炉无疑意味着意大利市场将缩水不少，而今年欧洲市场也很难重现去年的火爆行情。

不过尽管如此，全球光伏安装总量仍会保持增长态势，只是行业发展速度会趋于缓和而不是短期暴增。

德国光伏补贴削减额最高可达15%在新增安装量在2010年超过了6GW之后，对于德国政府将在年中时节对上网电价补贴政策进行进一步削减的恐慌，在光伏行业与政府签订补贴新政策方式临时协议后，得到了缓解。

尽管该协议还需获得核准以成为正规法条，但此上网电价补贴新方式规定，如若三月至五月间的年均新增安装量超过6.5GW，届时七月份的补贴下调幅度将被限制在12%以下。

然而，该新机制还规定，如果此段时间内新增安装量不足2.5GW，上网电价补贴额将有可能进行上调，并且，同一时间段内，年均新增安装量若在2.5GW至3.5GW之间，政府将不对上网电价补贴政策进行任何调整。

1. Q What is the Feed-in Tariff?A The FiT is Malaysia’s new mechanism under the Renewable Policy and Action Plan to catalysegeneration of RE, up to 30 MW in size. This mechanism allows electricity produced fromindigenous renewable energy resources to be sold to power utilities at a fixed premium pricefor a specific duration.2. Q What do you mean by indigenous resources?A Indigenous means RE sources must be sourced from within the country and are not importedfrom neighbouring countries.3. Q Is FiT applicable to Sarawak?A No, FiT is applicable to all states in Malaysia with exception to Sarawak as Sarawak is a statewith its own legislation and regulations governing their electricity supply. The RE Act (that iscurrently being drafted) refers to the Electricity Supply Act under the purview of the FederalGovernment.4. Q How does it work?A The basic concept of feed-in tariff is that the distribution licensee pays the renewable energypower generator a premium for clean energy that is generated. This allows owners to selltheir clean energy to the distribution licensee for a fixed number of years; the duration isdictated by the type of renewable energy used for power generation. The incentive provides afixed payment from the electricity supplier for every kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricitygenerated and a guaranteed minimum payment for every kWh exported to the grid.5. Q When will the FiT mechanism start?A The FiT mechanism will start upon the completion of 2 processes; 1) Approval granted byParliament on the RE Act and 2) Availability of the RE fund to pay the FiT. It is anticipated thatFiT is expected to start in mid 2011.6. Q So far how's the progress of the Act?A The Act is progressing as scheduled as both Acts (the RE Act and SEDA Act) have beenpresented for 1st reading at Parliament and Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water istargeting for the Acts to be tabled to Parliament for its 2nd and 3rd readings in the March 2011session.7. Q Who will oversee the running of the FiT?A The Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA), which is a statutory body under theMinistry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, will be established under the Act ofParliament to manage and oversee the implementation of the FiT. The Act is targeted to beapproved by parliament in March 2011 and is expected to be established by April 2011.1 | P a g e8. Q Why Energy Commission is not tasked the responsibility of an implementing agency? Whydoes the government require a new agency?A In Malaysia, currently the Energy Commission is the only agency focussing on energy sector.However, the Energy Commission is constrained in resources to discharge the full functions asrequired of an FiT implementing agency, hence the need for a dedicated and focussed agencyto serve as a one stop renewable energy (RE) centre.9. Q What is the status of grid-connected Renewable Energy in Malaysia currently?A As of end October 2010, Malaysia has:•40 MW grid-connected power from Biomass;• 1.7 MW from Biogas;•8 MW from Mini-hydro;•7 MW from Solid waste; and• 1.5 MW from Solar PV10. Q Which RE resources are eligible?A The following RE resources will be eligible for FiT:•Biomass (including solid waste);•Biogas (including landfill gas & sewage);•Small-hydro; and•Solar PV.11. Q What about solar thermal? Is it eligible for FiT?A No, there is no FiT for solar thermal.12. Q What about wind and geothermal? Will there be a FiT for these two energy sources?A No, FiT will not be offered for wind and geothermal when the FiT is launched in 2011 as theresource potential of wind and geothermal have yet to be determined nor analyzed. This isbecause at this point of time, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation throughSIRIM Berhad is still undertaking a study to identify the resource potential for wind in thecountry while the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will soon be commissioninga study on the potential of power generation from geothermal in the state of Sabah. As such,results from the two studies will only be ready from 2012 onwards. The FiT is sourced from allconsumers therefore is not meant for financing of research and development of technologiesbut rather for proven technology with established resource potentials in the country.13. Q What are the rates/tariffs like?2 | P a g e3 | P a g eA An indicative range of FiT rates for the various technologies concerned as well as theirindividual duration and degression, is shown in the table below. Please note that the rates may be adjusted during the legislation process of the RE Act and are therefore not final.Renewable energy technology Capacity of renewable energy installation Feed-In-Tariff rate (in ringgit/kWh) Effective period Annual degression rate Biogas • Installed capacity upto and including 4 MW0.32 16 years 0.50% • Installed capacityabove 4 MW, and up to and including 10 MW0.30 16 years 0.50% • Installed capacityabove 10 MW, and up to and including 30 MW0.28 16 years 0.50% • Additional for use ofgas engine technology with electrical efficiency of above 40%+ 0.02 16 years 0.50% • Additional for use oflocally manufactured or assembled gas engine technology+ 0.01 16 years 0.50% • Additional for use oflandfill or sewage gas as fuel source+ 0.08 16 years 1.80% Biomass • Installed capacity upto and including 10 MW0.31 16 years 0.50% • Installed capacityabove 10 MW, and up to and including 20 MW0.29 16 years 0.50% • Installed capacityabove 20 MW, and up to and including 30 MW0.27 16 years 0.50% • Additional for use ofgasification technology+ 0.02 16 years 0.50%•Additional for use ofsteam-basedelectricity generatingsystems with overallefficiency of above14%+ 0.01 16 years 0.50%•Additional for use oflocally manufacturedor assembledgasificationtechnology+ 0.01 16 years 0.50%•Additional for use ofmunicipal solid wasteas fuel source+0.10 16 years 1.80%Small hydropower •Installed capacity upto and including 10MW0.24 21 years 0%•Installed capacityabove 10 MW, and upto and including 30MW0.23 21 years 0%Solar photovoltaic •Installed capacity upto and including 4kWp1.23 21 years 8.00%•Installed capacityabove 4 kWp, and upto and including 24kWp1.20 21 years 8.00%•Installed capacityabove 24 kWp, andup to and including72 kWp1.18 21 years 8.00%•Installed capacityabove 72 kWp, andup to and including 1MWp1.14 21 years 8.00%•Installed capacityabove 1 MWp, andup to and including10 MWp0.95 21 years 8.00%•Installed capacityabove 10 MWp, andup to and including30 MWp0.85 21 years 8.00%4 | P a g e+0.26 21 years 8.00% •Additional forinstallation inbuildings or buildingstructures+0.25 21 years 8.00% •Additional for use asbuilding materials+0.03 21 years 8.00% •Additional for use oflocally manufacturedor assembled solarphotovoltaic modules+0.01 21 years 8.00% •Additional for use oflocally manufacturedor assembled solarinverters5 | P a g e14. Q What sort of capacities of renewable energy can we expect once FiT is launched?A The cumulative RE Capacity are as shown below:Year Cumulative RE Capacity (MW)Biogas Biomass Solid Waste Small Hydro Solar PV Solar PP* Total 2011 20 90 20 60 9 20 2192012 35 140 50 110 20 55 4102013 50 200 90 170 33 105 6482014 75 260 140 230 48 185 9382015 100 330 200 290 65 295 1,2802016 125 410 240 350 84 425 1,6342017 155 500 280 400 105 570 2,0102018 185 600 310 440 129 725 2,3892019 215 700 340 470 157 890 2,7722020 240 800 360 490 190 1,060 3,140 *Note: Solar PV targets reported based on policy measures under NKEA OGE Lab but subject to formalconfirmationThe long term targets (cumulative capacities) are shown below:YearCumulative RE Capacity (MW)Biogas BiomassSolidWasteSmallHydroSolarPVSolarPP*Total20202408003604901901,0603,140 2030 410 1,340 378 490 1,370 3,100 7,088 2040 410 1,340 378 490 7,450 5,000 15,068 2050 410 1,340 378 490 18,700 5,000 26,3186 | P a g e7 | P a g e15. Q What is the impact of CO 2 emission avoidance as a result of implementing the FiT?A The FiT could, on a cumulative basis, avoid 46 million and 166 million tonnes of CO 2 from thepower generation sector by 2020 and 2030, respectively. This will be achieved when the country generates at least 3,000 MW and 7,000 MW (see table below) of RE capacities by 2020 and 2030, respectively, through the FiT.Year Cumulative RE Capacity (MW)Biogas Biomass Solid Waste Small Hydro Solar PV Solar PP* Total 2020 240 800 360 490 190 1,060 3,140 20304101,3403784901,3703,1007,0882050 410 1,340 378 490 18,700 5,000 26,31816.Q Currently, under the SREP programme, RE electricity will only be paid based on maximumgenerating capacity of 10 MW. Will SEDA Malaysia consider a revision of the maximum installed RE capacity? A Yes, under the RE Act, the capacity limit (for some RE technologies) will be increased to 30MW. 17. Q Will Malaysia cap its capacity of RE once FiT System starts?A Yes, Malaysia has to cap the various RE technologies from the very beginning to keep the costswithin our projected funding capability once the FiT mechanism starts, and depending on the magnitude and availability of the RE Fund.18. Q How much PV capacity can an applicant seek to install and how will the applications betreated?A Applicants can apply for any capacity that they wish to install but the capacity that can beapproved will depend on the total capacity that is allocated for each of the respective RE technologies concerned. However for PV capacity, there will be two categories of capacities that will be offered; 1) one for installed capacities upto 1MW and 2) for capacities > 1MW upto 30 MW. For solar PV upto 1 MW, the capacities available will be offered equally among residential and commercial. All applications will be treated transparently and on equal basis according to the category of the installation such as residential, commercial, industrial, or power plant type, and whether they are roof or facade mounted, or ground mounted.19. Q How shall the biomass industry address the feedstock supply issue?A The plantation owner, millers and RE developers are encouraged to work towards anagreeable solution should the investment be financially viable.20. Q How does SEDA address the issue of contending use of feedstock which leads to pricecompetition between RE developers and other users of the feedstock?A Feedstock should expand and include biomass waste which can be converted into energy. Theuse of waste provides another avenue for RE developers to generate revenue via producinggreen energy.21. Q How does SEDA address the issue of supply security of feedstock, if feedstock should beimported?A The definition of RE requires that the feedstock be indigenous in nature. Malaysia will notconsider imported feedstock as the principle is to fully utilise the indigenous sources andpromote energy autonomy. In addition, Malaysia has a commitment to reduce 40% of GHGemission intensity in the COP 15 and this may not be achievable if we rely on imported fuelsources.22. Q If a co-generation plant uses fuel or sources from renewable energy, are they eligible forFiT?A Yes. As long as the fuel source is indigenous and there is no fossil fuel sources. The RE Actimposes high penalty for dishonest use of fuel source to generate RE electricity.23. Q What if two RE technologies were combined for example, biomass and biogas?A For RE systems with varying criteria resulting in varying tariffs, the rule is that the lowest ratewill apply for the FiAH connected to a single meter.If an existing FiAH plans to increase its capacity in the following year or any time in future, thelowest rate will apply for the entire total capacity generated based on the rate established forthe year of COD for the additional capacity if it is an extension to the earlier application anduses the same meter. In this case, the existing FiAH will have to terminate its previous REPPAand FiA upon receiving the approval of the new FiT rate.If the FiAH wishes to maintain the rates according to the earliest COD application, the FiAH isrequired to apply for separate meters and sign separate Renewable Energy Power PurchaseAgreements (REPPAs).8 | P a g e24. Q How does the Authority know if a person is a genuine applicant and not just intending tobook the capacities for the resale market?A During submission of application for the FiT, an eligible producer will be required to submittheir work plan. Once the Feed-in-Approval is granted, SEDA will monitor closely each projectand if any delays were detected, a dedicated time frame will be given to the Feed-in ApprovalHolder (FiAH) to declare their status failing which, a notice of revocation will be sent to FiAH.This is to prevent the RE developers from abusing the FiT system and to allow other interestedparties apply for the FiT.There will also be stringent requirements for successful submission of Feed-in Approval (FiA)where only genuine applicants will be able to furnish the required information. Penalties willbe imposed if an applicant is found to falsify any information.25. Q Currently, under the SREP programme, there are many licensees that are not active/pursuing their RE projects. Is there a possibility for the existing license holders to be revokedonce FiT comes into effect?A The Ministry and ST have been revisiting the current license holders. Those who are inprogress can continue with their licence but those who have not shown any progress, willhave their license revoked and will have to re-apply if they are interested to participate in theFiT.26. Q Do you allow an internal utilisation of electricity production?A Yes. But the distribution licensee will purchase generated RE power based on the net energyexported to the grid* If RE Developers choose to utilise the RE electricity, then they forfeit theopportunities for higher revenue generation which may not make business sense.*Note: PV systems interconnected to the grid (direct feed) will have an FiT based on the grosselectricity generated.27. Q Is there any limitation to apply for FiT? Limitation based on maximum capacity or number of approvals during the plan period?A Limitation is only based on RE technology quota which will be made known via the onlinesystem. This limit is due to the RE Fund.28. Q How is the FiT programme financed by the Government?A The FiT scheme is not financed by the government. Instead it will be financed by the electricityconsumers themselves who will contribute an additional one percent (1%) of their totalelectricity bills through a tariff adjustment formula when the gas price for power generationand the associated utility tariffs are revised in due course. However, those customers whoconsume 200 units of electricity or less will not have their tariffs raised to accommodate thismechanism to pay towards the fund.9 | P a g e29. Q Malaysians currently pay electricity bills based on a highly subsidized gas pricing. Is itpossible to transfer a portion of the subsidy to finance RE projects?A It is not possible to transfer a portion of the subsidy to finance RE projects as gas is in actualfact not a direct subsidy by the government but what it means is that the use of gas forelectricity generation is at a subsidized rate. This is forgone revenue for the government interms of taxes as the gas, if sold at market prices, will provide a higher income for the country.30. Q What are the measures to ensure funds allocated for the FiT programme is managedappropriately?A The management of the fund will be under the supervision of dedicated financial expertsappointed by the government (with possibility of secondment from BNM). Other measuresinclude transparency in disclosing and publishing of financial reports on funding receipts,funding disbursement to FiT recipients, administrative fees payable to the utility and to theauthority. The accounts of the authority will be presented to Parliament as is required for allsuch authorities and be subjected to Government Audit.31. Q Will the RE fund contribute to R&D for RE?A The fund is not for R&D. Under the National RE Policy and Action Plan, the fourth StrategicThrust addresses the need to strengthen R&D in the RE sector where the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) will spear-head all efforts in this area with strong supportfrom KeTTHA.32. Q Contribution to the RE Fund: While the lower income households are exempted fromcontributing, it appears that the industry (which makes up 40% of utility’s clientele) is thelargest contributor to the levy. Is the Government aware of this situation?A The Government is aware that the largest contributor to the RE levy is from the industrialsector. For this reason, the impact is only 1% of the electricity tariff where impact to theindustry’s cost of manufacturing is minimal. Additionally, the industry may be motivated tooffset the incremental electricity cost by applying energy efficiency measure in their factoriesand perhaps take the opportunity as well to generate RE under the FiT mechanism.10 | P a g e33. Q How can the Malaysian government prevent energy price distortion with theimplementation of feed-in tariffs?A Currently, the energy price in Malaysia is already distorted due to the natural gas subsidy forpower generation. Furthermore, the cost of electricity generation is not directly passed toconsumers whereby the electricity tariff is still regulated.In this respect, the feed-in tariff mechanism provides the opportunity to pass over the cost ofRE electricity generation to consumers but at a very minimum value that has almost no impactto the electricity tariff. The design of the Malaysian feed-in tariff system takes into account thetype of electricity that the RE electricity will displace, including the associated transmissionand distribution costs. For example, electricity from solar energy will displace peak electricityfrom natural gas, while electricity from biomass will displace medium load from coal. Thus theRE tariff prices are designed to reflect the true cost of electricity generation, transmission anddistribution that it will displace. Hence the argument of energy price distortion is invalid.The feed-in tariff in Malaysia is designed with main objective to achieve grid parity once thesubsidy for fossil fuel is removed and when all external costs of fossil fuel power generationare taken into consideration.34. Q I hear many people talk about grid parity. What does it mean and does it have anything todo with us here in Malaysia?A Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating renewable electricity is equivalent or cheaperthan the cost of generating electricity from conventional fossil fuel or nuclear energy. Yes,even though our electricity is subsidized in Malaysia, grid parity is still valid for us as we willone day reach grid parity for different RE technologies. Is it only the rate at which we reachgrid parity that may differ from unsubsidized markets. Those with subsidised energy marketswill reach grid parity at a later rate than those without subsidies.35. Q Is there a possibility for (retail) electricity tariff to increase beyond the contracted FiT ratesbefore expiry of REPPA?A Yes and it is stated in the RE Act. RE developers will be paid the electricity tariff (displacedcost) should displaced cost exceed that of the FIT rate and this will happen once grid-parity isachieved.36. Q Is the (retail) electricity tariff subjected to change?A Yes, the (retail) electricity tariff is subjected to change and will be reviewed periodically by thegovernment.11 | P a g e37. Q Could you explain what does “displaced cost of electricity” mean and what does it mean tome? Do I have to deduct this from the indicated FiT rate to get my tariff?A Displaced cost of electricity is the cost of generating and supplying electricity fromconventional fossil fuel sources up to the point of interconnection with the consumer. It willnot affect potential RE developers and NO, you do not have to deduct this from your FiT rates.The displaced cost of electricity has relevance to only the distributor and the Authority whereon a monthly basis, the distributor will claim the positive difference between the FiT paymentand the displaced cost, for all RE generated power, from the Authority.38. Q What is a ‘degression’? What does it mean and why is there a need for one?A Tariff degression refers to the annual reduction of renewable energy tariffs. The rate ofreduction depends on the maturity and the existing cost reduction potential. Tariff degressionapplies to all technologies and will only affect a developer every time he/she comes appliesfor the FiT.For example, a home owner (A) installs a Solar PV system in year 1 and signs an agreementwith TNB at an FiT rate of RM1.75 per kWh. Home owner (A) will continue to receive this ratethroughout his/her agreement duration of 21 yrs. A year after home owner (A) installs thesystem, his/her neighbour, (B) decides to install a PV system in his/her home too. By year 2the FiT rate has now reduced by 8% to RM1.61 per kWh. Therefore, home owner (B) will nowhave a 21-year contract with the TNB selling their PV electricity at RM1.61 per kWh. This formof degression rewards the early movers of RE in the country and also promotes cost reductionof the RE technology.39. Q How do you derive the degression rate?A The degression rate is derived based on observation of historical market performance and assuch, the rate is an empirically derived. Degression rate for each technology is based on itspotential for future price decline and to prevent market abuse of over pricing and takes intoaccount the status of the RE technology, the system cost trends, O&M costs, needs for fuelcost/transport, inflation, and the starting rates of FiT as well as balancing of the RE Fund. Fromthe RE fund management perspective, the higher degression will imply higher RE capacity forFiT and allows prudent use of public fund.40. Q Based on the projection, the system price of solar is predicted to go down. But this isdepending on market forces. What if the price goes up? Is the degression still applicable?A These are the dynamics of the market which will have to match both government’s as well asthe industry’s perspectives.12 | P a g e41. Q Will my FiT rate within the REPPA contract degress in subsequent years?A No, your FiT rate within REPPA is confirmed for the next 16 or 21 years depending on the REtechnology applied for. The rate is fixed until such time as the displaced cost of electricityexceeds the FiT rate. This is to provide some form of security for your investment. The mainobjective of the degression is to encourage reduction in cost and increase in efficiency as wellas to achieve grid parity at a faster rate.42. Q As FiT rate is based on COD, if I install my solar PV system today but I can’t commission mysystem within this year, what rate will I get?A You will get the rate of that year minus the degression for that particular year.43. Q If I commission my PV system in 2011. What rates will I get?A If FiT commences in 2011 you will get this maximum tariff. Then on 1st January of thesubsequent year, the rates will degress by 8% for new applications. Interested parties areadvised to refer to SEDA’s website for the applicable FiT rates.44. Q What is the cycle for the development of a biomass/ biogas plant? What if we apply for2011 but, the plant will only be in operation in 2012?A When you apply for the FiT, you need to be realistic in forecasting your COD. Most of theseprojects should be able to commission within 36 months but biogas plant development isfaster than that which is around 24 months.45. Q How can we ascertain the COD (commercial operation date) since it depends on the utility’savailability? How can SEDA facilitate this, as any delay in commissioning will affect FiT ratesas the rate degresses in the subsequent year?A Under the RE Law, the distributor is obligated to interconnect and to purchase RE generatedpower, failing which a penalty will be imposed. Specific time-frames will be set for all partiesinvolved and client charters will be established. Registered Service Providers (RSP)/contractorsand FiAH are however reminded to set realistic targeted dates for COD.46. Q On solar PV technology, what is the definition for ‘installation in building’ or ‘buildingstructure’?What does building material mean?A ‘Installation in building or building structure’ shall mean roofed building structures which canbe independently used and entered by humans and are primarily designed for the purpose ofprotecting humans, animals or objects whereas ‘building material’ means there must be nosecondary building material beneath the solar PV serving the same function.13 | P a g e47. Q Which tariff will apply for normal houses with existing roofs which are then installed with aPV system on it?A If you install on top of an existing roof, you will be entitled for a tariff for ‘building structure’but you will not be eligible for the bonus under ‘building material’. Unless, the PV itself is partof the roof (remove the roof tiles and replace with PV modules) then you are entitled for both‘building structure’ as well as for ‘building material’.48. Q When will application be opened to the public?A There will be announcements by KeTTHA on when the FiT will commence.49. Q How can I apply for the FiT?A Application can be made either via the online portal (recommended) or through manualsubmission. Detailed application guidelines will be made available once the FiT is officiallylaunched.50. Q Where can I apply?A Application forms will be made available on the authority’s website but hardcopies will bemade available at the authority’s office. There are future plans to make applications web-based hence you can apply from anywhere as long as you have a computer and internetaccess.51. Q Is there a number I can call to find out more?A Yes, there will be a hotline number for the public to call but this is chargeable at standardtelecommunication rates. The number will be announced closer to the time of the launch ofthe FiT.52. Q What I understand the renewable energy fund for FiT is based on “polluters to pay concept”so high volume consumers will get preference over smaller consumers?A High volume consumers would pay about 1% which translates to a higher actual amount. Butthere are no preferential treatments for FiT applications.14 | P a g e。