下载文档原格式
商务谈判中的文化差异及应对策略在经济全球化的背景下，国际间的贸易交往日益频繁，商务谈判已然成为商务活动的重要环节。
不同国家、地区之间拥有自己的特色文化，而商务谈判与文化是密不可分的，不同文化观念会给商务谈判带来种种困难和障碍。
由此可见，商务谈判中的文化差异是不可忽略的。
本文以中美商务谈判为例探讨商务谈判中的文化差异及应对策略。
对于一个企业来讲，增加利润一般有三种方法：增加营业额、降低成本和谈判。
企业通过谈判来争取每一分利润。
商务谈判既是企业实现经济目标的手段，也是企业获取市场信息的重要途径，同样更是企业开拓市场的重要力量。
在经济全球化的背景下，国际间的贸易交往日益频繁，商务谈判已然成为商务活动的重要环节。
不同国家、地区之间拥有自己的特色文化，而商务谈判与文化是密不可分的，不同文化观念会给商务谈判带来种种困难和障碍。
由此可见，商务谈判中的文化差异是不可忽略的。
国家与国家之间、民族与民族之间的文化差异不仅仅是体现在语言上面，还有习俗、礼仪、宗教、价值观等方面的差异。
生活在不同地区的人，接受不同的教育，在不同的社会做不同的工作，因而也会产生不同价值观和思维方式。
以中美商务谈判为例，由于存在不同的文化背景，所以谈判双方在很多方面存在很大的差异。
首先就是语言的差异。
除了汉语和英语的差异，还有肢体语言的差异，例如目不转睛地看对方，在中国人眼里是好奇或是惊讶，而美国人觉得这是不礼貌的表现，会使人不自在。
再例如美国人叫人过来时会把手伸向别人，手心向上，握拳用食指前后摆动，但是这样的动作就会使中国人反感。
其次是习俗礼仪的差异，不同国家会表现出不同的风俗习惯和民族特色。
中国人通常比较委婉，他们崇尚孔孟的中庸之道，所以即使你在交谈过程中出现错误也不会当面直接的讲出，他们认为这样是保全了对方的面子。
并且中国人比较重视谈判前个人之间关系的建立，也就是所谓的“人脉”，他们认为拥有广泛的人脉对于谈判有很大的帮助。
但是美国人却完全相反，他们不太重视人际关系的建立，若有人在谈判之前和他们示好，反而会让他们觉得或许你的产品质量差、技术水平存在问题才拉拢他们，所以导致的结果就是他们会在谈判过程中特别警惕和挑剔。
有效的跨文化沟通与商务交流策略在全球化和国际化的趋势下，跨文化沟通和商务交流变得越来越重要。
有效的跨文化沟通和商务交流策略对于在跨国公司工作、进行国际贸易以及建立跨文化合作伙伴关系方面至关重要。
本文将探讨有效的跨文化沟通和商务交流策略，并提供一些建议和技巧。
一、了解文化差异要实现有效的跨文化沟通和商务交流，首先需要对不同文化之间的差异有一定的了解。
了解不同国家和地区的价值观、信仰、社会习俗和商务惯例等方面的差异，有助于避免误解和冲突，增加与对方的共鸣和理解。
比如，在一些亚洲国家，如日本和韩国，商务礼仪非常重要。
在商务活动中，适当的礼仪和尊重对方的文化习俗是非常关键的。
而在一些西方国家，如美国和英国，商务交流更加注重直接和开放的沟通方式。
二、提前做好准备在跨文化沟通和商务交流之前，提前做好准备是非常重要的。
这包括研究并了解对方的背景、文化、商业文化和商务习惯等方面的知识。
同时，还要提前了解目标市场或合作伙伴的经济、政治和社会情况，以及他们的需求和期望。
提前做好准备还包括学习对方语言的基本用语和常用表达，虽然不要求精通，但至少能够基本交流，这将有助于建立良好的沟通和信任。
三、尊重和包容尊重和包容是实现有效跨文化沟通和商务交流的重要原则。
要学会接受和尊重不同文化、价值观和观点，理解并容忍差异。
不同文化背景的人们可能对同一个事物有不同的看法和作法，这是正常的，在交流和合作中，我们要以开放和包容的心态去理解和接受。
四、建立信任和友好关系建立信任和友好的关系是实现有效跨文化沟通和商务交流的关键。
在商务交流中，与对方建立良好的人际关系非常重要。
通过互相了解和支持，建立起信任和友好关系，可以为进一步的合作和交流打下坚实的基础。
五、适应和调整在跨文化沟通和商务交流中，可能会遇到一些意料之外的情况和挑战。
这时，适应和调整自己的思维和行为方式是非常重要的。
要保持灵活性和开放性，善于调整和适应不同的文化环境和商务惯例，以更好地与对方进行合作和交流。
国际商务谈判中的文化差异与策略研究在当今全球化的商业环境下，国际商务谈判已成为跨国企业发展的重要手段之一。
然而，由于不同国家和地区的文化差异，国际商务谈判充满了挑战与不确定性。
因此，了解并适应文化差异成为了成功谈判的关键。
本文将通过分析文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响，探讨有效应对策略。
一、文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响1. 沟通方式差异：不同国家和地区的沟通方式存在显著差异。
有些文化更注重直接坦率的表达，而另一些文化则更偏向于间接含蓄的表达。
在谈判过程中，误解和失误可能会因为对沟通方式的不同理解而产生。
2. 时间观念差异：在国际商务谈判中，不同国家和地区的时间观念存在差异。
有些文化更看重准时与高效，而其他文化则更强调灵活度和自由。
这可能导致在时间安排上的冲突和不同的态度。
3. 社交礼仪差异：不同国家和地区的社交礼仪存在显著差异，包括问候方式、交谈习惯、礼品赠送等。
在谈判中，忽视或错误理解这些社交礼仪可能会给对方留下不好的印象，影响谈判结果。
二、有效应对文化差异的策略1. 了解和尊重对方文化：在国际商务谈判前，了解对方文化背景、价值观和行为准则是至关重要的。
通过学习并尊重对方的文化，可以避免出现不必要的冲突和误解。
2. 建立良好的跨文化团队：在谈判过程中，组建由不同文化背景的人员组成的跨文化团队可以更好地理解并应对对方的文化差异。
这样的团队能够提供有关文化特点和沟通技巧的宝贵建议。
3. 增强沟通和解释能力：为了克服沟通差异，双方应互相提高沟通能力，避免用词不当和模棱两可的表达。
在遇到含糊不清或困惑的情况时，应及时解释和确认，以确保双方对谈判内容有准确的理解。
4. 灵活应对时间观念差异：为了应对时间观念上的差异，双方可以灵活地控制谈判的进程和时间安排。
在与看重准时的文化进行谈判时，应尽量遵守时间约定；与灵活度较高的文化进行谈判时，则应更加灵活和适应变化。
5. 遵守社交礼仪差异：在国际商务谈判中，遵守对方的社交礼仪是建立信任和友好关系的基础。
论国际商务谈判的文化差异和策略国际贸易作为经济全球化的重要组成部分，不可避免地面临着文化差异所带来的挑战。
在跨文化商务谈判中，了解、尊重和应对文化差异是保证双方合作成功的关键因素。
本文将以此为主题，探讨国际商务谈判中的文化差异以及应对策略。
一、文化差异的来源文化差异是由人类种族、民族、历史、地理等多种因素所决定的。
在国际商务谈判中，文化差异的主要来源包括以下几点：1.宗教信仰，道德观念不同不同的宗教信仰和道德观念对商业活动产生深远的影响。
例如，在中东和南亚国家，宗教信仰对商业活动有很重要的影响，比如对汇款、婚姻和继承等方面的法律规定。
2.历史、传统、社会结构不同不同国家的历史、文化和社会结构各异，这些因素对商务谈判产生了影响。
一些国家注重雇佣关系的和谐，有时会导致企业采取不寻常的雇佣方式。
相反，在其他国家，掌握权力的人往往强权地掌控业务，社会结构也将贯穿于业务中。
3.语言差异语言是文化的重要组成部分，不同语言之间的差异会导致商务谈判的沟通障碍。
谈判双方需要注意语言的精确性和翻译的准确性。
4.传媒的影响今天我们的文化是传媒时代创造的。
传媒以及文化产品对商务谈判的准备和执行方式产生了明显的影响，比如广告、电视剧和电影等。
二、文化差异所带来的问题在跨文化商务谈判中，文化差异所带来的问题不容忽视。
以下是一些经常出现的问题：1.沟通障碍双方可能会因为语言和文化差异而导致沟通障碍。
这会影响谈判的进展和结果。
2.价值观不同双方的价值观不同，会影响商务谈判过程。
例如，有些文化认为合作是主要结局，而另一些文化则更注重面子和竞争。
3.行事方式不同不同的文化中，人们行事方式和工作方式往往不同，导致商务谈判的进度和结果难以统一。
4.法律和商业习俗法律和商业习俗不同，导致商务合作不同步和谈判过程变得更加棘手。
三、应对策略在国际商务谈判中，应对文化差异的策略具体如下：1.培养文化意识在进入跨文化商务谈判之前，首先需要加强文化意识的培养。
商务谈判策划书应对不同文化背景的商务谈判策略一、背景介绍商务谈判是不同文化背景下的重要商务活动，根据不同的文化特点来制定相应的商务谈判策略对于提高谈判的成功率至关重要。
本文将分析不同文化背景下的商务谈判策略，并提供一些实用的建议。
二、影响商务谈判的文化因素1.沟通方式不同文化背景下，沟通方式存在差异。
有些文化注重直接沟通，坦率表达意见；而有些文化则更注重间接暗示，避免伤害对方自尊心。
了解对方的沟通方式，有助于建立有效的沟通渠道。
2.礼仪与礼貌各文化对于礼仪与礼貌的重视程度不同，会在谈判中产生影响。
在商务谈判中，尊重对方的文化习俗，注重礼貌与尊重，有助于建立良好的合作关系。
3.时间观念时间观念在不同文化中也存在差异。
有些文化重视准时，强调高效率；而有些文化则更加注重人际关系，更灵活处理时间。
了解对方的时间观念，避免因为时间观念上的差异而引发冲突。
三、商务谈判策略1.了解对方文化在商务谈判前，对于对方文化的了解至关重要。
这包括对于对方的价值观、信仰、传统、行为准则等方面进行研究。
通过深入了解对方文化，我们可以更好地理解对方的期望和需求，避免因文化差异引起的误解和冲突。
2.建立信任在跨文化商务谈判中，建立信任是至关重要的。
通过展示尊重和理解对方的文化，关注彼此共同的利益点，建立双方的信任基础。
同时，与对方保持积极的沟通和合作，加深双方之间的关系，有助于促成谈判的成功。
3.灵活适应在商务谈判中，灵活适应对方的文化背景是必不可少的。
根据对方的文化特点，调整自己的行为方式，以符合对方的期望。
比如，在礼仪与礼貌方面，注意不同文化的差异，适当调整自己的表现方式，避免出现冲突。
4.多维沟通在跨文化商务谈判中，通过多种沟通方式来交流是非常必要的。
除了口头沟通，还可以通过书面沟通、图像展示等方式进行信息传达。
同时，注重肢体语言和非语言交流，并避免使用过于具体的术语和行话，以确保对方能够准确理解。
5.前期准备在商务谈判前，做好充分的准备是非常重要的一步。
跨文化商务沟通的技巧与策略随着国际交流的不断加强，跨文化商务已成为当前商业界的热门话题之一。
然而，不同的文化背景往往带来了沟通障碍，给跨文化商务带来了很大的挑战。
为了有效地解决这些问题，本文将讨论一些跨文化商务沟通的技巧和策略。
1.了解对方文化了解对方文化是跨文化商务沟通的基础。
这不仅包括了对语言的熟悉和语言交流技巧的掌握，还包括了对文化差异、礼仪和行为规范的了解。
例如，在西方文化中，直接表达和坦率地讲话被视为一种品质。
但在亚洲文化中，对话方式常常更加委婉、客气和谨慎。
因此，为了避免误解和冲突，我们需要了解对方的文化背景，深入了解其社会和商业环境。
在了解对方文化的基础上，我们才能够更好地理解、预测和解决跨文化商务中出现的问题。
2.避免使用口头语言和行话当你和来自不同文化背景的人交流时，避免使用口头语言和行话。
因为这些词汇可能只在你的本土文化中使用，可能会被其他人认为是难以理解或晦涩难懂。
因此，你应该尽可能地使用通俗易懂的词汇和措辞，以确保信息传递的清晰性和准确性。
3.倡导文化包容性对于跨文化商务，我们需要提倡文化包容性。
这意味着我们应该尊重和包容不同文化背景和社会习惯。
尽可能地与对方建立互信和合作关系。
这些关系的建立可以帮助我们消除文化障碍，促进不同文化之间合作和交流的顺利进行。
4.适当的肢体语言除了说话外，肢体语言也是跨文化商务沟通中非常重要的一部分。
肢体语言是跨文化交流的一种非语言表达和传达方式。
它与文化息息相关，但它们不同的文化背景可能会带来不同的意义。
例如，在一些文化中，握手代表着“欢迎”和“友谊”。
但在一些文化中，人们可以微笑、鞠躬或其他肢体语言表示对朋友或客人的欢迎和尊重。
因此，我们需要对跨文化肢体语言的差异进行深入的了解，遵循当地的礼仪和行为规范，并适当地调整我们的肢体语言和行为风格。
5.积极倾听和互动最后，跨文化商务沟通中还需要积极的倾听和互动。
这意味着我们需要认真聆听对方的观点，以确保双方的信息传递的准确性和清晰性。
商务礼仪：国际商务交往中的文化差异与应对策略1. 引言在全球化的今天，跨国贸易和国际商务交流日益频繁。
然而，在不同的国家和地区，存在着各种各样的文化差异，这给商务交往带来了挑战。
本文将探讨国际商务交往中常见的文化差异，并提供一些应对策略。
2. 文化差异的影响不同国家和地区有着独特的价值观、信仰体系、行为准则等方面的文化差异。
这些差异可能会给商务交往带来以下影响：- 沟通障碍：语言、口头表达习惯、肢体语言等方面的差异可能导致误解或沟通障碍。
- 礼仪规范：不同国家有着不同的礼节和礼仪规范，例如问候方式、交谈礼貌、用餐习俗等。
- 商业谈判风格：在商务谈判中，不同文化背景下人们对待时间、权力关系、合作方式等方面有着不同偏好。
3. 常见文化差异3.1 礼仪和表达方式•亚洲国家：如中国、日本、韩国，重视面子和尊重传统礼仪，交际时注重身份地位的尊重。
•西方国家：如美国、英国、德国，注重个人隐私和直接沟通，商务交往更加务实和直接。
3.2 时间观念与灵活性•东方文化：如中国、印度，在商务活动中更强调灵活性和长期关系的建立。
•西方文化：如美国、英国，在商业领域更加注重时间效率、准确性和速度。
3.3 面对面交流与书面沟通•某些亚洲文化，特别是一些东南亚的国家（如印度尼西亚），人们更偏爱面对面交流并倾向于在会议中达成共识。
他们信任个人关系胜过合同。
•西欧或北美等一些发达经济体，人们更喜欢用书面文件来明确双方之间的责任和义务。
他们认为合同具有法律效力，并且被视为最终的约定。
4. 应对策略4.1 跨文化培训和意识提高•在国际商务交往中，了解目标国家的文化背景、价值观和行为习惯非常重要。
通过跨文化培训和学习，我们可以增强对不同文化的理解和敏感性。
4.2 灵活调整和尊重差异•在与不同文化背景的人交流时，要灵活调整自己的行为方式，尊重对方的文化习惯，并且避免使用可能引起误解或争议的语言或动作。
4.3 建立信任与合作关系•通过积极建立信任与合作关系，可以弥补不同文化间可能存在的隔阂和误解。
国际商务谈判的文化差异与策略在全球化的背景下，跨国商务谈判越来越频繁，而涉及到跨文化交流的谈判更是难度倍增。
不同国家的商业文化差异、思维方式、价值观念等都会影响到谈判的进行。
因此，在跨国商务谈判中，充分了解对方的文化背景，制定相应的谈判策略非常重要。
一、文化差异在跨国商务谈判中的影响在国际商务谈判中，文化差异是影响其中一个最关键的因素。
文化差异包括语言、风俗习惯、信仰、信仰、商业礼仪、商业信任等方面。
而这些方面，都会对商务谈判产生深远的影响。
首先，语言的差异。
语言是不同文化交流中最直接的方式，语言的差异不仅仅是单词和语法的区别，更体现在表达方式和方式习惯上。
其次，商业礼仪的差异。
在不同的国家，企业间的交往习惯和礼仪也有所不同，包括在商务场合下的礼貌与敬意、做事的方式、穿着、礼品等等，这也是同样重要的文化体现。
再次，商业信任的差异。
在商务谈判中，商业信任被视为交易的基础。
但是在不同的文化传统和商业风俗中，商业信任的建立和表现方式也有所不同。
比如说，在一些东方国家，信任是建立在“面子”和人际关系的基础上，而在西方国家，则更注重合同的签署和付款的安全。
二、跨文化商务谈判策略1.了解对方文化背景在进行跨国商务谈判前，了解对方的文化背景是非常关键的。
这不仅可以帮助你对他们的思维方式和信仰有所了解，还可以帮助你更好地理解对方的谈判方式。
只有这样，才能更好地发现对方的需求和疑虑，及时瓦解对方的困惑或误解，以更有效地进行商务谈判。
2.营造良好的氛围商业谈判必须是两个或多个企业之间的互惠互利的合作，而不是竞争的对手。
因此，双方必须创造一个有利于合作的商业氛围。
在商务谈判中，通过运用多种技巧，如赞美、体贴、尊重等方式，为缓解压力，建立应知和互相理解，进而才能达成互惠互利的协议。
3.沟通清晰明了在国际商务谈判中，语言的表达具有极其重要的意义。
因此，在进行商务谈判时，必须尽可能地用简洁、明了的语言表达。
尽量避免术语、俚语等，在语言表达和沟通过程中，力求在语言、语气和行动上体现出尊重和重视对方的语言、习惯等文化差异。
国际商务谈判的文化适应性策略国际商务谈判在全球化背景下越来越重要，不同文化背景的双方在交流中的差异经常会成为谈判的难点。
为了确保商务谈判的成功，需要对文化差异进行足够了解并采用针对性的策略。
本文将从三个方面探讨国际商务谈判的文化适应性策略。
一、充分理解不同文化的影响力不同的文化背景对谈判类型、目标和方式都有着深远的影响。
在中美商务谈判中，例如，中方侧重于人际关系和中间商的利润，而美方则更关注合同条款和自己的资金安全。
面对这样的情况，一方面需要通过多角度了解对方的文化差异，另一方面也需要充分利用自身文化优势，以达成双方均可接受的商议。
二、合理运用沟通技巧沟通是任何商业活动中不可或缺的一环，而其中的文化差异则给商务谈判中的沟通带来了很多挑战。
为了理解对方的需求和疑虑，并在沟通中保持敏感度和礼仪，需要巧妙地运用某些沟通策略。
例如，要注重全面的需求分析和问题认知，注意口头和非语言沟通，确保信息的传递和理解的一致性。
此外，还可以在文化差异较大的情况下使用第三方翻译或同行协调员，以减少误解和歧义。
三、采用差异化谈判策略由于文化差异的存在，不同商业谈判的战略和策略也应该有所区别。
比如在日本，商业谈判注重长期关系，需要建立信任、宣传产品、讨论价格，并寻求长期持续的合作机会。
此外，在谈判头脑风暴和比较谈判中也要注意沟通方式和涉及的话题，以实现最佳的谈判结果。
总的来说，国际商务谈判的文化适应性策略首先要充分理解文化影响，然后采用科学和合理的沟通策略，并采用差异化的谈判策略。
这种策略是在不同国家或地区商业谈判中通用和适用的，并在商业谈判中发挥着至关重要的作用，它能够确保不同文化之间的相互理解和沟通，促进双方在商务谈判中的平等、合作和共赢.。
contentIntroduction: (2)Section 1: External environment (3)Section 2: Organizational culture (6)Conclusion: (9)Reference: (10)Introduction:JD Wetherspoonplc was founded by Tim Martin who opened the first JD Wetherspoon pub in 1979. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. In 2000, for example, it opened over 90 new pubs and over 50％of the finance for the new developments came from cash generated by the business, In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. This report is mainly focus on analyze JD Wetherspoon’s external environment by using means of PESTEL and SWOT and its organizational culture in terms o f ‘shared values’ and ‘taken for granted assumptions’, at the same time explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has and identity the relationship between organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon as well.Section 1: External environment(a) Give examples of social, technological, economic, political and legal factors which have affected the way it has behaved.Social culture factors: Most people know about an essay by George Orwell which referred to an i maginary pub called” Moon Under Water”, so Tim Martin based his model for JD Wetherspoon. For the same reason, the ‘JD’ is from a character in a television programme ’Dukes of Hazzard’. And it has been renamed ‘The Montague Pyke’ after a well-know London entertainment mogul. With people’s life becoming better and better, increasing ones would prefer to enjoy hi-tec facilities or something with entertainment elements, according to this situation, JD Wetherspoon adopt TV screens and show some TV programs, including football games.Technological factors: JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10 pubs. Some new facilities and ideas from the Lloyds pub chain had been absorbed by JD Wetherspoon. Now, JD Wehterspoon has more entertainment elements, and it will help them to attract more customers or visitors.Economic factors: Euro had impacted on the pound over the period of this time, and there is no doubt that it will also cause problems to JD Wetherspoon and the founder of JD Wetherspoon-Tim Martin in 2002 printed 500000 beer mats and put up 10000 ’save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while thy drink.Political factors: During 2002-2004, there was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity. Changes JD Wetherspoon have made is in 2004, it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers.Legal factors:The traditional link between the brewing companies and pubs known as the “tied house” system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. This forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels. JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer.Environment factors: People increasingly go to pub for drink, dancing and some of them would like to smoke. According to this situation, JD Wetherspoon adopt a ventilation system (costing more than ￡100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke and provide the atmosphere and facilities.(b) SWOT analysisThe SWOT analysis included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Strengths:the Wetherspoon JD with a good track record of profit sharing and sufficient capital,the price is cheap. It provides cheap beer, this means that the more competitive Wetherspoon JD, attract more customers. JD Wetherspoon offered cheap beer, good conversation and solid architecture, an d the company motto of JD Wetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’ JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize on changes in the public house market. In addition it had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. Other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment. JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10 pubs, at the same time they have a new concept as well. Since then, they are music based outlets with a much stronger entertainment element. They have plasma screens and can show TV programs.They have two brands of pub and develop budget hotel accommodation, all these are JD Wetherspoon’s advantages.Weakness:lack of music and center position of Wetherspoon j JD provided that no music quite atmosphere, people prefer to some entertainment pubs. Wetherspoon JD the downtown bar mode now may have been out of date. In towns and cities center more and more bar is one of the great competitions to Wetherspoon JD.Weakness: Most of JD Wetherspoon’s pub locates in the center of city. This could attract more people and be good for its expansion in the past. However, this nowadays leads to increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affair as it brings them bad publicity. Another one is its operation for running pub, some competitors operates tenanted pubs under which landlords are tenants who run the pub and pay rent to the company. The overall result has been an increase in the number of pub, the market now appears to be over-supplied. And its price is comparatively high. Supermarkets began selling drinks, particularly premium large, at loss-leader prices. This makes it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encourages drinking at home.Opportunity:JD Wetherspoon opportunity into a new judge not. The beginning of Wetherspoon JD developed economy hotel accommodation for 'Wetherlodges' and famous. All The hotels are set column facilities. The bars and restaurants Wetherspoon JD other get. The relatively new opportunities of The competition, it is customer demand is changing. Therefore, the Wetherspoon JD take steps to meet demand. This would attract more of the existing and potential customers bar.Firstly, when the public house have changed, that means the traditional link between the brewing companies and pubs known as the ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate.This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and wasable to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. It will help to the development of JD Wetherspoon in the future. Secondly, with it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, and absorbed new concepts and advanced facilities as will. JD Wetherspoon have more entertainment elements and begun developing budget hotel accommodation. This is another big opportunity for JD Wetherspoon enlarges their scale and influence.Threat: the supermarket began selling losses leaders price drinks. This makes it hard to in pricecompetition on the bar, and encourage water home. There is a growing public and government of alcohol and the resulting antisocial behavior, especially in the city center, attention. Go to the pub has been discouraged, so it is for their threats.The retail licensing market had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. The overall result has been an increase in the number of pubs. In town and city centers, in particular, the market now appears to be over-supplied. And there was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity. Supermarkets began selling drinks, particular premium large, at loss-leader prices. This makes it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encourages drinking at home.(c) Prepare a set of guidelines that the management of JD Wetherspoon could use on how to conduct a SWOT analysis such as one you have just undertaken.1). Changes may arise from any of these four areas. JD Wetherspoon needs to monitor their SWOT, especially at times of crisis, and be responsive to changes that have already occurred. 2). JD Wetherspoon also needs to plan for anticipated changes and be fully prepared to meet them. 3). Don’t go straight into a SWOT analysis without using other tools such as PESTEL and value chain analysis to structure their thinking. Without this structured thinking a SWOT analysis can result in over-generation and long lists of factors.Section 2: Organizational culture(a) Explain the organization culture in JD Wetherspoon in terms of “shared valued” and “taken for granted assumptions” in an organization. You should illustrate your explanation with ONE example of each element from the case study. For each example, you should say why it illustrates this aspect of organizational culture.Organizational culture consists of Artefacts, Espoused values and Basic underlying assumptions. Espoused values include strategies, goals, slogans, mission statements, etc, expressed by the members of the organization. Basic underlying assumptions include unconscious taken for granted beliefs, thoughts, perception, etc-the source of values and action. For examples, the company motto of JD Whetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’. Because of existing of the motto, all the st aff and managers’ behavior will be regulated. So it belongs to shared values of JD Wetherspoon. Another is JD Wetherspoon has claimed that people are its best asset is also belongs to it. Policies such as lifelong training and lifestyle guarantee are reflected JD Wetherspoon place great important on their staff, it will form a shared value that people in this company are important. Another aspect of organization culture in JD Wetherspoon is when Euro is causing some adverse influence on pound,Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 ‘save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while they drink. Tim Martin’s behavior without any consideration, as he doesn’t know Union leade rs and others condemned his actions. This is belongs to unconscious taken for granted of JD Wetherspoon.Routines: People in JD Wehtersponn from all kinds of different backgrounds will know about that everyone in this company will have a chance to be a manager only if you can keep patient and work hard all the time. Of course, all about this no one will tell them directly. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. So, JD Wetherspoon places great importance on their staff. There is a normal way of undertaking task is staff can discuss company issues with visiting Board members like Tim Martin.Power and structures: Because JD Wetherspoon is a plc, the boards of the company have the power for decision making lies. Of course the members who hold the most shares can lead the final decision for the company, but the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’, so they need to discuss with their staff and listen to their opinions. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestion.(b) Explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has, using a recognized model of organizational culture. Give examples to justify why you have chosen this type of culture. I think JD Wetherspoon belongs to type of Work hard/Play hard culture. There are some characteristics with this type of culture which can figure out in JD Wetherspoon.1). Rapid feedback/reward. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs，which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It can be seem from the examples that JD Wetherspoon’s reward is so rapid.2). Place great importance on communicating with staff. The company’s operation is involvement and communication. Staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthy company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestions. All of these can make staff strive for high-quality customer service.3). Entertainment elements. With JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. JD Wetherspoon pubs have been re-branded as Lloyds No1 Bars, including’ Moon Under Water’ in London’s Charing Cross Road, which has been renamed’ The Montague Pyke’ after a well-known London entertainment mogul. These recreation activities are features of work hard/play hard culture.4). Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon, his some behaviors and character also has affected the organizational culture directly to some extent. For example, He has an unconventional image with shoulder length ginger hair and he dresses casually in clothes that are not always co-ordinate, and he carried all his business documents intwo plastic supermarket carrier bags. He used to enjoy telling the story to his staff. In other word, he is an easy-going man and he might prefer to encourage communication between staff and managers. According to his behaviors, we also knew him a man with a lot of entertainment elements, and it would bring about some fresh and fashionable elements to his organization.5). Low risks. JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize on changes in the public house market. When the traditional link had been broken by a ruling from the’ Monopolies and Merg ers Commission’. The majority of other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment, but JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. So, it can be seen that JD Wetherspoon with low risks compared with other public house.(c) Using the type of culture you identified in part 2(b) above, what is the relationship between organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon? Organizational behavior is interacting with organizational culture in JD Wetherspoon. It can be pointed that organizational behavior leads to organizational culture, while organizational culture affects organizational behavior as well. For example, from the outset JD Wetherspoon had a policy of expansion, so its scale developed very quickly and its share price rose at a staggering speed. It formed a kind of rapid feedback organizational culture. When ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, this kind of formed culture motivate them to capitalize on changes in the public house market, so they could continues to expand. Another instance is that staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings because of the company’s operation-involvement and communication. After then, it shaped a organizational culture which place great importance on communication with staff. However, it will affect organizational behavior, that is almost every decision in the company is related to staffs, their opinions will affect the final decision to someextent. And the founder of JD Wetherspoon, Tim Martin, is a man with entertainment elements, so he put his idea into his pub. When it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. And it has also begun developing budget hotel accommodation. All of these initiatives help the organization to form an entertaining culture.(d) To what extent would the management approach in JD Wetherspoon be different if the company had adopted a different culture? Again, make use of the same model that you used in part 2(b) above. First, we assume that JD Wetherspoon might adopt another type of culture-Tough guy/macho culture. We can see that both two types of culture have rapid feedback and rewards are high. According to the following statistics, we will get our answer. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It is also can be seen that both two types of culture apply to fast-moving financial activities. However, the difference is hugebetween these two types of culture, compared with Work hard culture, Tough guy culture is kind of high risk culture, as there is a focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future. For example, when ’tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels. Work hard culture company, like JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer, but if JD Wetherspoon adopts Tough guy culture, they will not do this, because this way will hurt their company presently, so they might take a risk to ignore this situation and expand as they did. Another difference is source of stress between two types of culture. In Work hard culture, stress comes from quantity of work rather than uncertainty. However, in Tough guy culture, stress comes from high risk and potential loss/gain of reward. Because they apply high-speed recreation activities, staff and managers have a lot of works to do in Work hard culture, but they did not endure high risk or uncertainty, which those who work for Tough guy culture company, as they focus on the present rather on the longer-term future.Conclusion:According to the report, is mainly focus on external environment and organization culture in JD Wetherspoon plc. By analyzing two parts of JD Wetherspoon, we could know that it is facing fierce competitive circumstance and identity the appropriate strategy of the company before 21st century and product development are used during the 21st century. In the report, elements and problems that affect company are also can be identified. Then, elements and key issues should take consideration of for purpose to manage its business strategy are ensured and explained according the case provided. However, strategy should change with the environment. Factors for changing are various and organization culture is mainly described.Reference:‘Business Culture and Strategy’ ‘2009’ ‘Scottish Qualifications Authority’。
