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参考书目
Manuel C. Molles.Jr .Ecology: Concepts and applications. University of New Mexico.2000
H.T.Odum . Environment, power, and society. For the 21th century. Columbia University Press.2019
千年生态系统评估的关键问题
Key Word
低碳模式
生态系统服务 循环经济
全球变化
生物质能源 生态系统管理
Syetem Ecology
Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field of ecology, taking a holistic approach to the study of ecological systems, especially ecosystems. Systems ecology can be seen as an application of general systems theory to ecology. Central to the systems ecology approach is the idea that an ecosystem is a complex system exhibiting emergent properties. Systems ecology focuses on interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems, and is especially concerned with the way the functioning of ecosystems can be influenced by human interventions. It uses and extends concepts from thermodynamics and develops other macroscopic descriptions of complex systems.