高考英语常用词词性转换及派生

1 常 用 单 词 词 形 变 化 归 纳

一．名词

（一） -ment

1. employ v. 雇用→employment n. 工作，职业

2. treat v. 治疗；对待→treatment n. 治疗

3. entertain vt. 使愉快→entertainment n. 娱乐；款待→entertaining adj. 有趣的，令人愉快的

4. govern vt. 统治，治理→government n. 政府

5. develop v. 发展，培养→development n. 发展→developing adj. 发展中的

→developed adj. 发达的

6. establish vt. 确立；建立→establishment n. 确立；建立

7. punish v. 惩罚→punishment n. 惩罚

8. adjust vt. 调整→adjustment n. 调整

9. appoint v. 任命，委派；约定→appointment n. 约会，预约

10. commit v. 犯(错误，罪行)，使承担义务，承诺→commitment n. 承诺

11. accomplish v. 完成(任务等)，取得(成功)→accomplishment n. 成就，完成

12. invest v. 投资→investment n. 投资→investor n. 投资者

13. disagree vi. 不同意；意见不合→disagreement n. 不同意，争执

14. encourage vt. 鼓励→encouragement n. 鼓励，激励

15. achieve vt. 取得(成就)→achievement n. 成就，功业，伟绩

16. announce v. 声明，宣布→announcement n. 声明，公告→announcer n. 播音员

17. retire vi. 退休→retirement n. 退休

高考英语语法填空高频词词性转换及派生（1）

第一部分词汇变形转化表

高考英语语法填空

常用词性转换词义动词v.名词n.形容词adj.反义词其他派生词使能够enableability/disabilityabledisabledisabled/unable不正常的abnormalnormal缺席absenceabsent学术的academyacademic加速accelerateacceleration接受acceptacceptanceacceptableunacceptable接进accessaccessaccessible住宿accommodateaccommodation积累accumulateaccumulation陪伴accompanycompany精确的accuracyaccurateinaccurate达到，获得achieveachievementachievable获得，习得acquireacquisition表演，行动actaction/act/activityactiveinactiveactual/actually适应，改编adaptadaptation增加，addadditionadditional足够adequacyadequate调整/使适应adjustadjustment敬佩admireadmirationadmirable承认admitadmission收养，采纳adoptadoptionadopted前进advanceadvanceadvanced好处advantagedisadvantage事故accidentaccidentally使上瘾addictadditionaddicted/addictiveaddict做广告advertiseadvertisementadvertiser影响,打动affecteffect机构agentagency侵略，侵犯aggressionaggressiveaggressor农业agricultureagricultural同意agreeagreementagreeabledisagreedisagreement分配allocateallocation允许allowallowanceallowable使吃惊amazeamazementamazing/amazed抱负ambitionambitious逗乐、娱乐amuseamusementamusing/amused分析analyzeanalysis生气angerangry通知announceannouncement使烦恼annoyannoyanceannoying/annoyed期望anticipateanticipation焦虑，焦急anxietyanxiousanxiously鼓掌applaudapplause约定appointappointment道歉apologizeapology出现appearappearancedisappeardisappearance申请applyapplicantapplication欣赏appreciateappreciationappreciable靠近，方法approachapproachapproachable批准；认可approveapprovaldisapproval争吵，争论argueargumentarguable安排arrangearrangement到达arrivearrival评估，评价assessassessment帮助assistassistant/assistance联系associateassociation假定，假设assumeassumption确保assureassurance使惊讶astonishastonishmentastonishing(ed)运动员athleteathletic原子atomatomic附上，依恋attachattachment吸引attractattractionattractiveunattractiveattractively知道的awarenessawareunaware烤bakebakery平衡balancebalancebalanced以…为基础basebasis，basebasicbasement洗澡bathebathbathtub生，忍受bearbirthbearableunbearablebirthday/birthplace美化beautifybeautybeautifulbeautifully开始beginbeginnerbeginning表现behavebehavior相信believebeliefbelievableunbelievablebelievably有益的benefitbeneficial背叛betraybetrayal盲的blindnessblindblindly流血bleedbloodbloodybleeding(n.)使烦闷borebored/boring勇敢braverybravebravely简洁的briefbriefly打碎breakbroken呼吸breathebreathbreathlessbreathlessly晒，烧burnburnt忙碌businessbusybusinessman计算calculatecalculation有能力的capability/capacitycapable关心，喜欢carecarecareful/carelesscarefully/carelessly偶然的casualcasually小心cautioncautioncautious庆祝celebratecelebrationcelebratedcelebrity中心centrecentral挑战challengechallengechallenging改变changechangechangeableunchangeable特点charactercharacteristic（&n.）欢呼cheercheercheerfulcheerfully化学chemistrychemicalchemist小孩childchildishchildhood选择choosechoicechosen文明的civilizecivilizationcivilized澄清clarifyclarification分类classifyclassclassic/classicalclassification靠近的closeclosely关闭closecloseclosed收集collectcollectioncollective结合combinecombination舒适comfortcomfortcomfortableuncomfortablediscomfort商业commercecommercial承诺commitcommitment沟通communicatecommunicationcommunicative陪伴accompanycompany/companion比较comparecomparisoncomparablecomparative赔偿compensatecompensation竞争competecompetition/competencecompetitivecompetitor抱怨complaincomplaint信心confidenceconfidentconfidential关心；有关concernconcernconcernedunconcernedconcerning总结concludeconclusion指挥conductconductor使混淆confuseconfusionconfusing/confused祝贺congratulatecongratulation连接connectconnectionconnected意识consciousnessconsciousunconscious后果consequenceconsequentconsequently保存，保护conserveconservationconservative考虑considerconsiderationconsiderateconsiderable构建constructconstruction咨询consultconsultant消耗consumeconsumption矛盾contradictcontradictory贡献contributecontribution方便，便利convenienceconvenientinconvenientinconveniently习俗conventionconventional使相信convinceconvincing纠正correctcorrectioncorrect腐败corruptioncorrupt鼓励encouragecouragecourageousdiscourageencouragement覆盖covercovercovereduncovered创造createcreationcreativecreativity犯罪crime/criminalcriminal批评的criticizecritic/criticismcritical拥挤的crowdcrowded残忍crueltycruel文化culturecultural好奇的curiositycurious骑自信车cyclecyclistrecycle危险endangerdangerdangerousendangered死diedeathdeaddeadly决定decidedecisiondecisive宣布declaredeclaration装饰decoratedecoration防卫，保护defenddefence定义definedefinition故意的deliberatedeliberately高兴delightdelightdelighteddelightful投递deliverdelivery要求demanddemanddemanding否认，拒绝denydenial离开departdeparture依赖dependdependencedependentindependentindependence沮丧depressdepressiondepressed深deependepthdeepdeeply描述describedescription绝望的desperationdesperatedesperately破坏destroydestruction决定determinedeterminationdetermined发展；晒相developdevelopmentdevelopeddeveloping献身，奉献devotedevotiondevoted区别,不同differ、differentiatedifferencedifferentdifferently困难difficultydifficult指挥，指示directdirection/directordirectdirectly使失望disappointdisappointmentdisappointing(ed)使泄气discouragediscouragementdiscouraging(ed)发现discoverdiscovery歧视，区分discriminatediscrimination讨论discussdiscussion恶心disgustdisgustdisgusting/ed距离distancedistant分配distributedistribution打扰disturbdisturbing分开，分成dividedivisiondivided捐献donatedonation喝drinkdrinkerdrunk昏暗的duskdusky灰尘dustdusty经济economyeconomic/economicaleconomist编辑editeditioneditor教育educateeducation/educatoreducational效率efficientefficiency年长的elderelderly选举electelection电electricityelectric/electronicelectrical优雅eleganceelegant尴尬embarrassembarrassmentembarrassed/ing紧急emergencyemergent情绪emotionemotional强调emphasizeemphasis雇用employemploymentemployedunemployedemployer(ee)鼓励encourageencouragementencouraging/ed结束endend/endingendless活力，能量energyenergetic享受enjoyenjoymentenjoyablejoyful扩大enlargelarge询问enquireenquiry进入enterentry/entrance娱乐entertainentertainment热情enthusiasmenthusiastic环境environmentenvironmentalenvironmentalist嫉妒envyenvious平等equate/equalequalityequalunequalequally设备equipequipment

动词 名词形容词 副词...................

动词动词名词形容词

使能够enableabilityable

缺席absenceabsent

接受acceptacceptanceacceptable

接进accessaccess入口accessible易/可接近的

事故accidentaccidental

精确的accuracyaccurate

达到，获得achieveachievementachievable可获得的

获得，习得acquireacquisition获得的东西

表演，行动actaction行动/act行为active

activity 活动、活力

增加，加addadditionadditional另外的

调整/使适应adjustadjustment

敬佩admireadmirationadmirable

承认admitadmission

管理，执行administeradministrationadministrative

前进advanceadvanceadvancing前进的

使沉溺，上瘾addict addiction沉溺addicted沉溺于

addictive使人上瘾的

做广告advertiseadvertisement（单则）广告（可数）

advertising（总称）广告，（不可数）

影响,打动affecteffecteffective

侵略，侵犯aggressionaggressive攻击性的

同意agreeagreementagreeable欣然同意的、令人愉快的

目标aimaim

允许allowallowance 补贴allowable可承认的、允许的

使吃惊amazeamazementamazing/amazed

逗乐、娱乐amuseamusementamusing/amused

公告announceannouncement

分析、研究analyseanalysis

使烦恼annoyannoyanceannoying/annoyed

11

常用词词性转换及派生

词义 动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 反义词 其他派生词

使能够 enable ability/disability able disable disabled/unable

不正常的 abnormal normal

缺席 absence absent

学术的 academy academic

加速 accelerate acceleration

接受 accept acceptance acceptable unacceptable

接进 access access accessible

住宿 accommodate accommodation

积累 accumulate accumulation

陪伴 accompany company

精确的 accuracy accurate inaccurate

达到，获得 achieve achievement achievable

获得，习得 acquire acquisition

表演，行动 act action /act

/activity active inactive actual/actually

适应，改编 adapt adaptation

增加， add addition additional

足够 adequacy adequate

调整/使适应 adjust adjustment

敬佩 admire admiration admirable

22

承认 admit admission

收养，采纳 adopt adoption adopted

前进 advance advance advanced

好处 advantage disadvantage

事故 accident accidentally