高考英语常用词词性转换及派生

近五年高考英语语法填空词性转换总结

词性转换一直以来都是高考英语语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到构词法，尤其是词的派生。

今天将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的词性转换题整理出来，再对高考的词性转换进行分类总结，最后就派生词的前缀和后缀进行分类讲解，希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型助力。

一、近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结

▲ 2019 年

2019 全国 I 卷

It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as

much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied.In recent years

some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear

sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe)

that populations are increasing.

2019 全国 II 卷

Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged

after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman

Of The Year.

We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder).

2019 全国 III 卷

When they were free from work, they invited us to local events

and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch,

高考英语语法填空高频词词性转换及派生（1）

第一部分词汇变形转化表

高考英语语法填空

常用词性转换词义动词v.名词n.形容词adj.反义词其他派生词使能够enableability/disabilityabledisabledisabled/unable不正常的abnormalnormal缺席absenceabsent学术的academyacademic加速accelerateacceleration接受acceptacceptanceacceptableunacceptable接进accessaccessaccessible住宿accommodateaccommodation积累accumulateaccumulation陪伴accompanycompany精确的accuracyaccurateinaccurate达到，获得achieveachievementachievable获得，习得acquireacquisition表演，行动actaction/act/activityactiveinactiveactual/actually适应，改编adaptadaptation增加，addadditionadditional足够adequacyadequate调整/使适应adjustadjustment敬佩admireadmirationadmirable承认admitadmission收养，采纳adoptadoptionadopted前进advanceadvanceadvanced好处advantagedisadvantage事故accidentaccidentally使上瘾addictadditionaddicted/addictiveaddict做广告advertiseadvertisementadvertiser影响,打动affecteffect机构agentagency侵略，侵犯aggressionaggressiveaggressor农业agricultureagricultural同意agreeagreementagreeabledisagreedisagreement分配allocateallocation允许allowallowanceallowable使吃惊amazeamazementamazing/amazed抱负ambitionambitious逗乐、娱乐amuseamusementamusing/amused分析analyzeanalysis生气angerangry通知announceannouncement使烦恼annoyannoyanceannoying/annoyed期望anticipateanticipation焦虑，焦急anxietyanxiousanxiously鼓掌applaudapplause约定appointappointment道歉apologizeapology出现appearappearancedisappeardisappearance申请applyapplicantapplication欣赏appreciateappreciationappreciable靠近，方法approachapproachapproachable批准；认可approveapprovaldisapproval争吵，争论argueargumentarguable安排arrangearrangement到达arrivearrival评估，评价assessassessment帮助assistassistant/assistance联系associateassociation假定，假设assumeassumption确保assureassurance使惊讶astonishastonishmentastonishing(ed)运动员athleteathletic原子atomatomic附上，依恋attachattachment吸引attractattractionattractiveunattractiveattractively知道的awarenessawareunaware烤bakebakery平衡balancebalancebalanced以…为基础basebasis，basebasicbasement洗澡bathebathbathtub生，忍受bearbirthbearableunbearablebirthday/birthplace美化beautifybeautybeautifulbeautifully开始beginbeginnerbeginning表现behavebehavior相信believebeliefbelievableunbelievablebelievably有益的benefitbeneficial背叛betraybetrayal盲的blindnessblindblindly流血bleedbloodbloodybleeding(n.)使烦闷borebored/boring勇敢braverybravebravely简洁的briefbriefly打碎breakbroken呼吸breathebreathbreathlessbreathlessly晒，烧burnburnt忙碌businessbusybusinessman计算calculatecalculation有能力的capability/capacitycapable关心，喜欢carecarecareful/carelesscarefully/carelessly偶然的casualcasually小心cautioncautioncautious庆祝celebratecelebrationcelebratedcelebrity中心centrecentral挑战challengechallengechallenging改变changechangechangeableunchangeable特点charactercharacteristic（&n.）欢呼cheercheercheerfulcheerfully化学chemistrychemicalchemist小孩childchildishchildhood选择choosechoicechosen文明的civilizecivilizationcivilized澄清clarifyclarification分类classifyclassclassic/classicalclassification靠近的closeclosely关闭closecloseclosed收集collectcollectioncollective结合combinecombination舒适comfortcomfortcomfortableuncomfortablediscomfort商业commercecommercial承诺commitcommitment沟通communicatecommunicationcommunicative陪伴accompanycompany/companion比较comparecomparisoncomparablecomparative赔偿compensatecompensation竞争competecompetition/competencecompetitivecompetitor抱怨complaincomplaint信心confidenceconfidentconfidential关心；有关concernconcernconcernedunconcernedconcerning总结concludeconclusion指挥conductconductor使混淆confuseconfusionconfusing/confused祝贺congratulatecongratulation连接connectconnectionconnected意识consciousnessconsciousunconscious后果consequenceconsequentconsequently保存，保护conserveconservationconservative考虑considerconsiderationconsiderateconsiderable构建constructconstruction咨询consultconsultant消耗consumeconsumption矛盾contradictcontradictory贡献contributecontribution方便，便利convenienceconvenientinconvenientinconveniently习俗conventionconventional使相信convinceconvincing纠正correctcorrectioncorrect腐败corruptioncorrupt鼓励encouragecouragecourageousdiscourageencouragement覆盖covercovercovereduncovered创造createcreationcreativecreativity犯罪crime/criminalcriminal批评的criticizecritic/criticismcritical拥挤的crowdcrowded残忍crueltycruel文化culturecultural好奇的curiositycurious骑自信车cyclecyclistrecycle危险endangerdangerdangerousendangered死diedeathdeaddeadly决定decidedecisiondecisive宣布declaredeclaration装饰decoratedecoration防卫，保护defenddefence定义definedefinition故意的deliberatedeliberately高兴delightdelightdelighteddelightful投递deliverdelivery要求demanddemanddemanding否认，拒绝denydenial离开departdeparture依赖dependdependencedependentindependentindependence沮丧depressdepressiondepressed深deependepthdeepdeeply描述describedescription绝望的desperationdesperatedesperately破坏destroydestruction决定determinedeterminationdetermined发展；晒相developdevelopmentdevelopeddeveloping献身，奉献devotedevotiondevoted区别,不同differ、differentiatedifferencedifferentdifferently困难difficultydifficult指挥，指示directdirection/directordirectdirectly使失望disappointdisappointmentdisappointing(ed)使泄气discouragediscouragementdiscouraging(ed)发现discoverdiscovery歧视，区分discriminatediscrimination讨论discussdiscussion恶心disgustdisgustdisgusting/ed距离distancedistant分配distributedistribution打扰disturbdisturbing分开，分成dividedivisiondivided捐献donatedonation喝drinkdrinkerdrunk昏暗的duskdusky灰尘dustdusty经济economyeconomic/economicaleconomist编辑editeditioneditor教育educateeducation/educatoreducational效率efficientefficiency年长的elderelderly选举electelection电electricityelectric/electronicelectrical优雅eleganceelegant尴尬embarrassembarrassmentembarrassed/ing紧急emergencyemergent情绪emotionemotional强调emphasizeemphasis雇用employemploymentemployedunemployedemployer(ee)鼓励encourageencouragementencouraging/ed结束endend/endingendless活力，能量energyenergetic享受enjoyenjoymentenjoyablejoyful扩大enlargelarge询问enquireenquiry进入enterentry/entrance娱乐entertainentertainment热情enthusiasmenthusiastic环境environmentenvironmentalenvironmentalist嫉妒envyenvious平等equate/equalequalityequalunequalequally设备equipequipment

专题05 派生词及词形变化

一 真题感悟

1.【2021全国甲卷】 Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates

and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their

_________ (day) routines.

【答案】watchtowers；daily

【解析】句意“人们本该两个小时就绕完城墙，但是我们停在不同的瞭望塔前拍照或者只是为了看看当地人们的生活”。修饰名词routines应当使用形容词，表示“日常生活”。

2.(2021全国卷乙卷) l provide ___________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.

【答案】financial

【解析】考查派生词。设空处后面有名词aid，充当provide的宾语，故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语。

3.【2021全国甲卷】 Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates

and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their

_________ (day) routines.

【答案】watchtowers；daily

【解析】句意“人们本该两个小时就绕完城墙，但是我们停在不同的瞭望塔前拍照或者只是为了看看当地人们的生活”。修饰名词routines应当使用形容词，表示“日常生活”。

第四讲词性转换(构词法)

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词；转化是指一个单词的词形不变而由一种词性转化为另一种词性；派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀变成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性，后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。将构词法置于此处讲解，一是对前面基础词法的汇总，二是为攻克后面的重难动词做铺垫。

动词、形容词转换为名词

[全析考法]

单句语法填空/单句改错

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major

lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。

2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the

increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.

解析：weight 根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．

解析：education 前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and