2015年----北京语言大学翻译硕士英语考研真题汇编

2015年北京外国语大学考研翻译硕士真题【网络综合 - 北京考研试题】一、英语翻译基础英汉短语互译：Bogor GoalsFTAAPzero-sum gameALSNASAgenomic variationozone depletionsinologybitcoinUNCEDpaparazziamino aciddigital divideexistentialismsilver-spoon kids十八届四中全会亚太经合组织互联互通量化宽松公使衔参赞埃博拉病毒自闭症防空识别区负面清单房产税专利技术和而不同地沟油真人秀逆袭二、篇章翻译今年篇章翻译由以前的四篇改为了两篇，我也破天荒第一次翻译前打了草稿。

英译汉是一篇有关里约环境会议的，说实话我词汇量不行，看着也有点儿晕。

汉译英是刘梦溪写的有关孟子精神和现代社会的文章，很多文言文，比如什么礼义廉耻、国之四端之类。

其实明白中文的意思翻译倒也不是特别难。

汉语写作与百科知识：一、名词解释尼罗河战略伙伴关系四大菩萨十字军中亚五国日心说元素周期律丝绸之路经济带金字塔APEC金砖四国九大行星三省六部的“六部”《牡丹亭》东盟IS（就是伊斯兰国）南北战争二十八宿《俄狄浦斯王》三一律“新寓言”派《菊与刀》北约苏辛《说文解字》二、应用文写作应用文是根据自己经历的某件事写一则消息，是新闻体裁的一种三、大作文大作文给一段材料，写一个人从火车上丢了一个鞋子，然后马上扔了另一个，说这只鞋留着也没用，有人捡到没准还能穿。

然后以“让失去变的可爱”为题写一篇作文。

2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题词组翻译：1、Bogor Goals2、FTAAP3、zero-sum game4、ALS5、NASA6、genomic variation7、ozone depletion8、sinology9、bitcoin10、UNCED11、Paparazzi12、amino acid13、Digital divide14、Existentialism15、Silver-spoon kids1)十八届四中全会2)亚太经合组织3)互联互通4)量化宽松政策5)公使衔参赞6)埃博拉病毒7)自闭症8)防空识别区9)负面清单10)房产税11)专利技术12)和而不同13)地沟油14)真人秀15)逆袭英译汉：关于环境立法之类的汉译英：孟子的“四端”《中庸》，恻隐之心，礼义廉耻之类的，价值观翻译硕士词汇辨析3abolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguishabolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。

abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。

The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。

Cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。

The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。

eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。

The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。

※ 翻译技巧[6] 成语、典故的翻译
许多成语、典故蕴意很深，且含意与字面意相差甚远，译员如果处理不好，就有可能使听 众"丈二和尚摸不着头脑"，不仅达不到讲话人所要表达的效果，且有可能适得其反。
一般情况下，在不影响理解的前提下，对成语、典故的翻译只要能表达出其主要意思即可， 但若是语境中需要听众完全了解其字面意与蕴含意，就得解释一番了。比 如"塞翁失马"一般 可以译成"Misfortune may prove a blessing in disguise."但在必要时，则可以简单讲一下 这个典故："This is an allusion to a story popular for more than 2,000 years in China. It's about an old man at the frontier who lost his horse…"
car pool 篇章翻译： 英译汉两篇 汉译英：讲的是林语堂对人生的看法 写了三点 翻译硕士英语：
1. 单选 10 个 ————非常基础的词汇语法题 2. 完型，共 20 个 20 分（因为是 10 个选择，10 个填空） 3. 阅读 三篇选项阅读（共 10 题，每题 2 分） 两篇问答阅读（共 5 题，每题 4 分） 4. 作文 graduate education VS undergraduate education 本科教育和研究生教育的区别 （注意字数 400）
英汉两种语言的最基本的语序是 SVO（subject + verb + object），但我们在翻译复杂 句时，两种语言的语序所存在的差异则给翻译带来不少困难。定语在英汉两种语言中所处的位 置就完全相反。中文修饰名词的成 分常在名词前（左）边，称为 Left Branching Direction (LBD)，英文的修饰性从句则恰在后(右)边，称为 Right Branching Direction (RBD)。这种 差别使得译者在翻译时必须善于变通。定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别，必须 根据上下文、语境灵活处理。

2015年北京语言大学翻译硕士考研真题英语翻译基础:1.30个词组翻译（共30分）苍蝇老虎一起打简政放权一带一路亚洲自贸区石墨烯气溶胶丝路基金全科医生多普勒效应中国经济新常态非接触式支付亲诚惠容三网融合carbon sinkISILKyoto protocolapeTPPpivot to Aisa Msfcar pool篇章翻译：英译汉两篇汉译英：讲的是林语堂对人生的看法写了三点翻译硕士英语：1.单选10个————非常基础的词汇语法题2.完型，共20个20分（因为是10个选择，10个填空）3.阅读三篇选项阅读（共10题，每题2分）两篇问答阅读（共5题，每题4分）4.作文graduate education VS undergraduate education本科教育和研究生教育的区别（注意字数400）政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇从紧货币政策tight monetary policy稳健财政政策prudent fiscal policy宏观经济调控macroeconomic regulation政府临时调控government interim intervention经济增长模式mode of economic development固定资产投资反弹a resurgence in fixed asset investment货币信贷投放仍然偏多continued excessive supplies of money and credit流动性过剩excessive liquidity转型过程transformation process行政手段administrative measures螺旋式通胀spiraling inflation通胀压力inflationary pressure抑制通胀to hold down inflation次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis经济剧烈波动drastic fluctuations in the economy经济过热economic overheating防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating促进结构调整和协调发展to promote structural adjustment and balanced development 减轻弱势群体负担ease the burden on the disadvantaged group增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出to increase expenditures necessary"to shore up weak links,improve people's lives and deepen reform"政府工作报告热词——就业篇严厉打击非法用工to severely punish illegal employment加强劳动争议处理to improve the handling of labor disputes加强劳动保障监察to improve oversight for worker protection measures就业促进法Employment Promotion Law劳动合同法Labor Contract Law城镇登记失业率registered urban unemployment rate鼓励创业to encourage business startups公共就业服务体系public employment service system完善再就业扶持政策to improve the aid system for job seekers“零就业”家庭zero-employment families就业机会employment opportunities非农产业nonagricultural sectors失业保险制度unemployment insurance system劳动力总量大增a large increase in the total workforce支持创办小型企业to support citizens to establish small enterprises鼓励自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses加强就业和创业培训to strengthen vocational training and training in how to start a business城乡劳动者平等就业制度an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally落实促进残疾人就业政策to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制to create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs通过加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业to expand employment"by encouraging and training business start-ups,strengthening job training,encouraging people to find jobs on their own,and supporting the establishment of small enterprises政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业state owned enterprises(SOEs)主要产业core business税收贡献tax contributions民航civil aviation所有制结构ownership structure发展大型粮食基地to develop large grain production bases国有资产所有权转移transferring ownership of state-owned assets完善所有制结构to improve ownership structure实行政策性关闭破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies建立国有资本经营预算制度to set up a budget system for managing state capital国有企业资产总额the total value of assets of state owned enterprises(SOEs)国有资产管理体制改革reform of the management system for state-owned assets国有经济布局与结构调整adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector建立和完善国有资产出资人制度to set up and improved a system for investors of state assets引入国有企业股份制to institute a stockholding system in SOEs邮政体制改革reform of the postal service system振兴老工业基地战略strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases国有企业改革改组改造reforming,reorganizing and upgrading SOEs深化国有企业股份制改革to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations加强公司化管理to improve corporate governance实行政策引导关闭和破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点to expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital引入竞争，加强政府管理和公共监督，深化垄断企业改革to deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public supervision严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies资源型城市经济转型试点to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion主辅分离，辅业改制to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core businessesand covert the former into independent company政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇能源消耗energy consumption清洁、可再生能源clean and renewable energy sources化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力urban sewage treatment capacity重点流域的污染防治pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水safe drinking water污染物排放emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products,drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity,steel,cement,coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investmen限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目to limit or ban foreign investment inprojects that are energy intensive or highly polluting,limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。