井下套管损坏机理及围压分析-英文翻译.

稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理及预防措施研究的开题报告摘要：随着油田开发程度的不断提高，稠油热采已成为目前石油行业的主要开采方式。

然而，稠油热采井套管柱损坏严重影响了井下设备的安全及生产，特别是在高温、高压、强腐蚀、强磨损等恶劣环境下。

本文基于稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理与预防措施研究，系统分析了稠油热采井套管柱损坏的主要原因及分类、预防措施及现有不足等方面。

关键词：稠油热采，井套管柱，损坏机理，预防措施一、研究背景稠油热采时需要高温高压环境，石油中含有大量的硫酸盐离子、氯离子等腐蚀性物质，且油层本身存在砂粒等颗粒物，这些因素共同导致地下设备的损坏。

而稠油热采井套管柱作为井下主要支撑装置，其损坏会给井下设备的安全及生产带来很大威胁，特别是在高温、高压、强腐蚀、强磨损等恶劣环境下，其损坏更为严重。

因此，研究稠油热采井套管柱的损坏机理及预防措施，对于确保井下设备的安全及生产的稳定具有重要意义。

二、研究目的本研究旨在通过对稠油热采井套管柱的损坏机理进行研究，分析其损坏的原因及分类，并探讨预防措施及现有不足，为稠油热采井套管柱的维护提供技术支持。

三、研究方法本研究采用文献调研和实验室模拟等方法，通过对稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理进行分析和研究，总结其损坏原因及分类，并提出相应的预防措施。

四、研究内容1. 稠油热采井套管柱损坏的原因及分类2. 稠油热采井套管柱损坏的预防措施3. 稠油热采井套管柱维护现有不足分析与对策五、研究意义稠油热采井套管柱作为井下主要支撑装置，其损坏严重影响井下设备的安全及生产。

本研究将有助于加深对稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理的认识，提高井下设备的维护水平，促进稠油热采的安全、高效、低成本开发。

收稿日期:2007201204基金项目:国家863计划“膨胀管钻井技术”资助项目(2006AA06A105)作者简介:唐　明(19692),四川营山人,男,高级工程师,博士研究生,2000年硕士毕业于中国石油大学,现从事石油完井工程技术及管理工作。

文章编号:100123482(2007)0920007204套管损坏形态分析及预防措施唐　明1,2,金有海1,刘　猛3(1.中国石油大学(华东)机电工程学院,山东东营257061;2.胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院,山东东营257017;3.中油国际海外研究中心,北京100083)摘要:套管损坏的主要类型可归纳为变形、破裂和密封性破坏3类。

分析了射孔对套管损坏的影响,提出了合理选择射孔弹及射孔枪、改进套管柱设计方法、对下井套管要进行严格质量检验、提高套管抗挤强度等具体措施来减少套管的损坏。

关键词:套管;损坏;形态分析;预防措施中图分类号:TE931.202 文献标识码:AConf iguration Analysis of C asing Damage and Preventive MeasureTAN G Ming 1,2,J IN Y o u 2hai 1,L IU Meng 3(1.College of Mechanical and Elect ronic Engineering ,China Universit y of Pet roleum ,Dong ying 257061,China;2.Drilling Engineering T echnology Research Institute ,S hengli Petroleum A dministration ,Dongying 257017,China; PC I nternational Research Center ,B ei j ing 100083,China )Abstract :Configuration of casing damage can be in t hree categories :deformation ,break and seal damage.This paper analyzed t he effect of perforation on casing ,p roposed several measures which can be used to decrease casing damage ,such as selecting reasonably perforation gun and bullet s ,imp roving casing p rogram ,inspecting rigorously casing quality ,raising casing st rengt h ,and so on.K ey w ords :casing ;damage ;morp hological analysis ;p reventive measure 国内外已开发油田的资料表明,从建井开始到生产中后期均有不同程度套管损坏现象。

浅谈套管损坏的原因及修复方法发布时间：2023-03-03T07:32:37.137Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2022年10月19期作者：殷琦王小强白卫宁[导读] 随着油田开发进入中高含水期，套损井越来越多随着油田开发进入中高含水期，套损井越来越多殷琦王小强白卫宁（长庆油田第三采油厂油房庄第二采油作业区）摘要: 随着油田开发进入中高含水期，套损井越来越多，因此，套损井的修复一直是重点研究的课题，为提高套损井的修井质量，缩短修井时间，本文对套损井修复过程中整形工具结构进行了系统深入的研究，其研究成果对认识油水井套管变形和损坏的受力状况和套损井修复整形工具的改进具有一定的指导意义。

与套损井修复工艺相结合，同时本文通过分析套管损、变形的原因进行分析，并采取针对性的工艺技术修复或预防，使其达到正常生产的目的，从而提高油水井的利用率。

关键词：套管损坏，套管修复1 造成套管损坏的原因套管损坏主要是由以下三方面的因素造成：一是由地质因素引起的套损；二是由电化学腐蚀、氧腐蚀、CO2腐蚀、H2S腐蚀等引起的套损；三是因固井质量不合格及井下作业等工程因素引起套损。

1.1 造成套管变形损坏的地质因素1.1.1 井眼周围的岩石压力对套管损坏的影响钻井前各岩层处于原始地层应力场的平衡状态，钻井后，引起周围岩石应力重新分布，当周围岩石应力集中处的应力达到岩石的屈服极限时，就有变形发生，套管受到周围岩石的作用力导致套管损坏。

1.1.2 泥岩膨胀引起套管损坏泥岩在有水的情况下能引起膨胀，这种负荷会随时间增大而增大，当套管的抗压强度低于外部负荷时套管就会被挤压变形乃至错断。

1.1.3 地层出砂和油层压实可导致套管损坏油井在生产过程中出砂，在油层压实和地层压力下降的情况下使周围岩石应力状态发生变化，使卸压的岩石发生坍塌，形成对套管的作用载荷，导致套管损坏。

1.1.4 地壳的运动也可导致套管损坏由于地壳的运动、地震同样也可导致对套管的损坏变形。

油套管现场检验英语术语现场检验：field inspection; 交流磁场：AC field; 检验机构：Agency;安匝：ampere-tum(NI); 斜射声束：angle beam; 燃弧：Arcing;标准人工缺陷：artificial discontinuity; 背面回波：Back reflection;反射散射：backscatter; 黑顶螺纹：black crested thread; 黑光：Black light;管道内窥镜：borescope; 内螺纹端：box end; 校准： Calibration; 阴极射线管：cathode ray tube (CRT); 中心导体：central conductor （shooting rod）倒角：chamfer; 震颤刀痕：chatter; 环向（周向）磁场：circular magnetization;分级：classification; 线圈法：coil method; 线圈发射：coil shot; 彩色记号：color code连续法：continuous method; 修整轮廓：contour (verb);受控区域：controlled area耦合剂：couplant; 牙顶：crest; 错扣：cross threaded; 切口：cut 直流磁场：DC field盲区：dead zone 超声波：ultrasonic 缺陷：defect 退磁：demagnetization探测：detect 探测器或探鞋：detector or detector shoe; 直径卷尺：diameter tape差动线圈：differential wiring 弥散指示（磁粉）：Diffuse indications (magnetic particle)不连续性：discontinuity; 处理：disposition; 剂量率：dose rate; 剂量计：Dosimeter钻杆：drill pipe (DP) 通径规：drift mandrel 干法：dry method 双晶探头：Dual transducer涡流：eddy current; 电焊管：electric weld pipe 电磁铁：electromagnet(EM)电磁检验：electromagnetic inspection(EMI) 环绕线圈：encircling coil 评定：Evaluation外螺纹：external thread 伪显示：false indication 误始起螺纹：False starting thread铁磁性（体）：ferromagnetic; 现场端：field end; 搬运损伤：Handing damage手紧：hand tight; 手紧紧密距：hand tight standoff; 手控上紧：Handing tight硬度：hardness; 硬度值（硬度检验）：Hardness value (hardness testing)静水压试验：hydrostatic test (hydrotest) ; 缺欠：imperfection指示：Indication指示器(或读数显示装置)：indicator(or readout); 感应：induction; 检验任务：Inspection job检验系统：inspection system; 整体接头：integral joint; 内螺纹：Internal thread解释：interpretation; 薄膜剂量计：film badge; 螺纹牙侧：flank or side;荧光：Fluorescence荧光磁粉检验：fluorescence magnetic inspection; 磁通密度：Flux density;漏磁通：flux leakage; 磁通线：flux lines; 频率：frequency; 全尺寸：full body; 磁垢：Furring分层：lamination; 增益控制：gain control; 射线：rays; 高斯：gauss; 高斯计：Gaussmeter探磨：grind probe；平滑磨削：grind; 修磨：grind/removel; 磨削：Grinding霍尔元件：hall detector; 电离室：ionization chamber;漏磁场：leakage field连接度：Jointer;泄漏：leaker; 特许材料：licensed material; 提离间隙：lift off; 检验记录：Log;纵向磁场：longitudinal magnetic field; 纵向缺欠：Longitudinal imperfection;底面反射消失（超声波）：loss of back reflection (ultrasonic); 磁场：Magnetic field;磁场指示仪：magnetic particle field indicator; 磁极：magnetic poles; 磁性：Magnetism磁粉：magnetic particles; 磁场强度：magnetizing force; 磁强计：Magnetometer磁动势：magnetomotive force (MMF); 制造商：manufacturer; 标记：Marking工厂端：mill end; 通径不过：no drift; 工厂磨削：mill grind; 轧制氧化皮：Mill scale;辐射监测：monitoring/radiation; 无损评定：Nondestructive evaluation(NDE);无损检验：nondestructive testing; 不全顶螺纹：non full crested threads; 缺口：Notch不相关指示：nonrelevant indicator; 直射：normal beam; 斜向缺欠：Oblique imperfection;有效螺纹长度：perfect thread length; 导磁率：permeability; 外螺纹端：Pin end;永久性磁铁：permanent magnet; 单人监测设备：Personnel monitoring equipment;平端：plain end; 二维平面缺陷：planar; 极靴：pole piece; 粉干：Powder dry机紧：power tight; 精密卡尺：precision caliper; 调零：zero; 一级管子：Prime pipe;探头：probe; 工序能力：process capability; 脉冲：pulse; 脉冲反射法：Pulse echo method脉冲发生器：pulser; 脉冲宽度：pulse length or pulse duration; 购方：Purchaser辐射保护工作人员：radiation safety officer; 放射性同位素：radioisotope;读书器：Readout读数（硬度试验）：reading (hardness testing); 推荐方法：Recommended practice (RP)参考指示物：reference indicator; 参考标样：reference standard；反射：Reflection相关指示：relevant indication;剩余磁场：residual field;剩磁法：Residual method;分辨率：resolving power;牙底：root;扫描器：scanner;散射：scatter;无缝管：Seamless pipe探测线圈：search coil;灵敏度：sensitivity;表层不连续性：Shallow discontinuity;探鞋：shoe;顺时脉冲：shoot;短时脉冲：shot;短时脉冲磁场：shot field;台肩：Shoulder螺纹牙型：thread form;螺纹保护器：thread protector;阀值：threshold;刀痕：Tool marks有刻痕的螺纹：torn threads;传感器：transducer;横向：transverse;超声波检验：ultrasonic testing;超声波：ultrasonic;紫外线：ultraviolet light;加厚端：upset;消失点：Vanish point超声波速度：velocity, ultrasonic;湿法：wet method;润湿剂：Wetting agent扳手拧紧：wrench tight;磁轭：yoke;磁轭磁化：Yoke magnetization全长电磁检验：full-length electromagnetic inspection.简写为FLEMI 全长磁粉检验：full-length magnetic particle inspection 简写为FLMPI全场外观检验：full-length visual inspection简写为FLVI全场超声检验：full-length ultrasonic inspection, 简写为UTFL焊缝超声波检验：ultrasonic inspection, weld line,简写为UTW端部区域检验：（special）---end area inspection,简写为SEA分离接箍的磁粉检验：magnetic particle inspection for unattached couplings,简写为UCMPI水压试验：Hydrostatically pressure test,简写为TESTED全场通径检验：full-length drifted,简写为FLD全场变径通径：full-length alternate drifted,简写为ALTFLD洛氏硬度检验:Hardness tested, Rockwell C(OR B)简写为HRC或HRB 螺纹外观检验：visual thread inspection,简写为VTI螺纹参数检验：API thread gauging,简写为TG无逢油管或套管：seamless casing or tubing,简写为SMLS焊接油管或套管：electric welded casing or tubing,简写为EW平端钻杆：Plain end drill pipe,简写为DP分离接箍：Unattached couplings,简写为CPLG;螺纹区域的缺切：1）螺纹撕裂（broken threads）2）切口（cuts）3）磨痕（grinds）4）台肩（shoulder or steps）5）发裂（seams）6）不全顶螺纹（包括黑顶螺纹）threads not full-crested(including black-crested threads)7）折叠（laps）8）凹坑（pits）9）刀痕（tool marks）10）飞边（fins）11）摔坑（dents）12）压痕（dinges）13）毛刺（burrs）14）有刻痕螺纹（torn threads(tear)）15）搬运损伤（handling damage）16）螺纹肥大（thick threads）17）削薄螺纹（narrow threads）18）粘结（galls）19）螺纹高度不当（improper thread height）20）刀屑（wicker or whisker）21）裂纹（crack）22）震颤螺纹（chattered threads）23）波纹状螺纹（wavy or drunken threads）24）螺纹牙型异常（improper thread form）25）电弧烧伤（arc burns）26）螺纹未延伸至接箍中心（thread not extending to the center of coupling）27）其他影响螺纹连续性的缺切（imperfection, other than those listed above, that break the continuity of the thread）28）360度倒角不全（not present 360 degrees）29）螺纹消失在端面（thread running out on the face）30）刀状边缘（razor edge）31）刀口状棱边（feather edge）32）压痕（mashes）33）过渡半径不圆滑（radius transition not smooth）34）尖角（sharp corners）35）重皮（sliver）。

钻井常用英语总结目录一、单词……………………….3--10二、钻井常用短语及句子…………...11--18三、钻井泥浆术语……………………19—21四、常用安全术语…………………….22—23五、钻井设备英语……………………24—28六、钻井英语情景对话………………29---36 附：钻井指令第一节钻井英语单词drilling crew 钻井drill floor,rig floor,floor 钻台drawworks 绞车well-site, rig-site 井场rig manager 平台经理DC (drill collar) 钻铤drilling engineer 钻井工程师DP (drill pipe) 钻杆toolpusher 带班队长rotary table 转盘driller 司钻assistant driller 副司钻derrickman, monkeyman 井架工roughneck, floorman 钻工roustabout 场地工liner 缸套motor fireman 司机wellhead 井口circulation & solid system 循环固控系统machinist 机械师,机工,机械大班electrician 电器师,电工,电器大班operation program 作业程序(指令) cathead 猫头caravan 营房，大篷车tong 大钳elevator 吊卡well depth 井深slip 卡瓦makeup 上扣spud in 开钻breakout 卸扣ROP (rate of penetration),drilling speed, penetration rate 钻速trip 起下钻diesel-engine 柴油机loss circulation 井漏，循环漏失working uniform 工作服brake handle, brake bar 刹把water well condition 井况circulating tank, circulation tank 循环罐normal drilling 正常钻井reserve tank 储备罐parameter 参数trip tank 补给罐，尖底罐, 起下钻泥浆罐rotary speed 转盘转速shale shaker 振动筛pump pressure 泵压WOB (weight on bit) 钻压mesh 目,网孔;啮合,编织torque 扭矩screen cloth 筛布displacement 排量safety meeting 班前会pump stroke 泵冲shift exchange 交班mud pump 泥浆泵master 师傅,主人;征服,控制,精通in charge of 负全责,经营,照顾obtain 获得,得到according to 根据,依照normal 正常的,正规的,标准的introduce 介绍,传入,引进,提出progress 前进,行进,进展supervisor 监督location 井场,井位inspection 检查,考察,验收cellar 方井soild (control) system 固控系统waste pit 污水池、废水池Top Drive (Drilling System)顶(部)驱(动)钻井系统Project Department 项目部on duty 值班modify 整改、修改clinic 医务室electic rig 电动钻机disconnect 拆开,分离,断开pipeline 管线order 指令,命令,顺序Company 公司,甲方Operator 业主,甲方Contractor 承包商,乙方pump house 泵房schedule 时间表,进度表size 尺寸,大小,尺码information 通知,信息,资料equipment 设备,装备,器材instruction 指令,指示,说明书SCR house 可控硅房replace 更换,替换,代替brake shoe 刹车块wear out 磨损safety 安全,保险,安全设备fax 传真guy 家伙,人standpipe 立管Campsite 营地crownblock 天车traveling block 游车dog-house 司钻休息室rat hole 大鼠洞mouse hole小鼠洞spudding inspection 开钻验收fill in 填充catwalk 狭窄的过道,高空走道;高台,天车台casing float collar 套管浮箍casing float valve 套管浮阀casing guide shoe 套管引鞋cement水泥,注水泥,结合剂,胶结剂plug 插头safety pin安全销glove手套quick-connector快速接头fire extingwisher灭火器stretcher担架First Aid紧急救护control board控制板weight mdicator指重表rotary torque indicator转盘扭矩表sling吊绳绳套deadline anchor死绳固定器brake system刹车系统drum滚筒safety line保险绳safety belt安全带hydraulic tong液气大钳slip卡瓦elevator吊卡bit breaker钻头盒chain tong链钳.pipe tong管钳wrench板手pliers钳子、老虎钳scissor剪刀cable slot电缆槽vacuum degasser真空除气器butterfly valve蝶阀desilter除泥器desander除砂器degasser除气器mud gun泥浆枪agitator搅拌器leakage漏,泄漏,渗漏barite重晶石hopper漏斗piston活塞union油壬fuel tank燃油罐、高架罐remote control station远控房BOP stacks防喷器组kill line 压井管线choke line节流管线preventer防喷器annular环空ram闸板low pressure低压fire blanket消防毯fire sand防火砂kitchen厨房storeroom储藏室bathroom卫生间spudding date开钻日期spudding time 开钻时间string钻柱BHA（bottom hole assembly）钻具组合drilling jar震击接头drill box钻杆盒drilling program钻井程序、钻井指令drilling fluid钻井液mix up混和、调配、混淆mud material泥浆材料LCM（lost circulation material）堵漏材料、堵漏剂mud engineer泥浆工程师day tour白班night tour夜班drilling progress钻井进度routine inspection例行检查、日常cave塌陷、塌下、井壁坍塌loss漏失kick井涌hole section井段casing setting depth套管坐封深度downhole problem（trouble）井下事故undergauge 缩径tight hole井径缩小的井眼tight spot （井径）缩小点、缩小段footage钻井进尺formation地层、岩层、构造、组织make up a joint接单根（立柱）sticking 粘附、刺、卡钻sticking point卡点free point卡点hook weight悬重unfreeze解卡back-off倒扣fishing 打捞sidetrack侧钻back reaming倒划眼soak oil泡油soak releasing 泡解卡剂slough off坍塌ream down划眼borehole operation井下作业deviational survey 井斜测量make a trip 起下钻bouncing 跳跃的、大的、重的、跳钻bit bouncing 蹩跳bit balling 泥包钻头cutting 切削、切割、切屑、钻屑cutting sample 砂样mud logging 综合录井sandstone 砂岩Pooh(pull out of hole) 起钻RIH(run in hole)下钻junk 落物、金属屑、碎物junk sub 打捞（落物）接头scrape 擦、刮、擦痕、刮掉bit gauge 钻头规centralizer 扶正器hold pressure 蹩压day rate 日费standby rate 等待日费、待命费run casing下套管cementing operation固井作业drift casing套管通径clean thread洗扣geologist地质师、地质学家casing shoe套管鞋thread protector护丝casing tong套管钳wiper trip通井rigid centralizer刚性扶正器guide shoe引鞋float-collar浮箍accident事故、意外事件slurry水泥浆WOC（waiting-on--cement）候凝期nipple up安装（防喷器）primary cement job正注固井wireline log电测test pressure 试压International practice国际惯例choke manifold节流管汇lay down the string倒钻具nut螺母bolt螺栓、螺钉screw bolt螺栓、螺杆pipe ram管子闸板shut-down停工HWDP (heavy weight drill pipe) 加重钻杆calibrate 校正、定标judgment 判断bleed off ling 排砂(排放)管线commence 开始、着手isolate 隔离、隔绝、绝缘welding 焊接、压实、压结mud property 泥浆性能MW(mud weight) 泥浆比重mud density 泥浆密度funnel viscosity 漏斗粘度PV(plastic viscosity) 塑性粘度well control drill 井控演习、防喷演习increase 增大、增加、增大decrease 减少、降低；减少之量pressure gauge 压力表casing pressure 套(管)压(力) choke valve 节流阀coring operation 取心作业hole collapse井壁坍塌pressure surge 压力激动、压力涌动bump pressure 碰压cement head 水泥头reserse circulation 反循环cement 水泥，注水泥；结合剂；粘紧，粘牢cement accelerator 水泥促凝剂cement hardener 水泥速凝剂, 水泥硬化剂cement head (注) 水泥头cementing jobs 注水泥作业cement job 固井作业cement squeeze 挤水泥bonus 奖金,红利completion job 完井作业hand pump 手摇泵,手压泵workshop 车间,工场nipple down 卸下nipple up 装上,接上,装配,安装ID (inside diameter) 内径torque-on-bit 钻头扭矩tubing bonnet 油管头tubing hanger 油管悬挂器, 油管挂tubing joint 油管接箍landing head (悬挂油管用)油管头,(油管)联顶头landing joint 联顶节[下套管或油管联顶时用]TBG (tubing) 油管spacer fluid 封隔液mud logging unit 综合录井仪cooperation 合作,协作sample sack 砂样袋engage 从事;啮合deadline anchor 死绳固定器,死绳锚drilling cost 钻井成本evaluate 评价,估价,求…的值in advance 预先overpressure 过压，超压力swab 抽汲eliminate 排除,消除pipe bouncing 钻具蹩跳drill string failure 断钻具twist-off 脱扣horizontal well 水平井vertical well 垂直井stainless steel 不锈钢anticline 背斜porosity 孔隙度potential 潜在的,可能的; 潜能,潜力densimeter 密度计communication 传达,信息,交流,通讯hook velocity 大钩速度verify 检验,查证,核实confirm 确定,批准,印证incredible 难以置信的round trip 起下钻resume normal drilling 恢复正常钻进goal 目的,目标understanding 理解,认识,谅解kill operation 压井作业wireline [electric] log 电测井GR 自然伽玛scrap iron 铁屑cotton yarn 棉纱paint 油漆cavern 大山洞,大岩洞,溶洞,穴fossil 化石;陈腐的,守旧的gas-bearing 含气的water-bearing 含水的DST(drill-stem test) 中途测试, 钻杆测试water loss 失水flow pressure 流动压力daily output 日产量target zone 目的层finishing drilling 完钻thermometer 温度计reserve circulation 反循环build up 建造，安装；压力增加，压力恢复build up a jointWell Control & Drill Procedures井控措施及防喷演习程序LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS缩写表BHP - Bottom-Hole Pressure 井底压力BOP - Blow out Preventer 防喷器CDPP - Circulating drill pipe pressure 循环钻杆压力CP - Casing pressure 套管压力CSG – Casing 套管DC - Drill collar 钻铤DP - Drill pipe 钻杆ECD - Equivalent circulating density 当量循环密度EMW - Equivalent Mud Weight 当量泥浆比重FCP - Final Circulating Pressure 最终循环压力Gm – Mud weight 泥浆比重HPHT - High pressure high temperature高压高温HWDP - Heavy Weight Drill Pipe加重钻杆ICP - Initial Circulating Pressure初始循环压力LOT - Leak-Off Test地漏测试MAASP - Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure最大容许环空表面压力MD - Measured depth测量深度MEMW - Maximum equivalent mud weight最大当量泥浆比重Ps - Static pressure静压力Q - Flow rate 流量ROP - Rate of penetration机械钻速SICP - Shut-in Casing Pressure关井套压SIDPP - Shut-in Drill Pipe Pressure 关井钻杆压力TVD - Total vertical depth垂直总深kill and choke lines 压井和阻流管线kill fuild 压井液killing well 压井kill job 压井作业kill line压井管线kill rate 压井排量kill string 压井管柱kill-weight-fluid 加重压井液，高比压井液operating skill 操作技巧view point 观点engage in 从事，啮合primary control 首要控制，一次井控secondry control 二等控制，二次井控tertiary control第三位控制，三次井控safety margin 安全系数circulate out循环带出wildcat 探井pressure surge 压力波动，压力骤增Kick Control Sheet 井涌控制表circulating bottoms up循环井底至井口的泥浆行程active mud system在用泥浆系统fill the hole 灌满井眼human failure 人为事故differential pressure压差additive 添加剂obstruction阻塞，阻挡evidence 迹象，证明lower Kelly cock 方钻杆下旋塞upper Kelly cock 方钻杆上旋塞stripping 强行起下钻potential 潜在的，可能的；势，位shut-in procedures 关井程序，关井步骤soft shut-in procedures 软关井程序with a careful eye on留心saver sub 保护接头pipehandler 管子操作装置Driller’s Method 司钻法water-based system 水基体系implement 执行overcome 克服Daily Drilling Report 钻井日报表up-to-date 现代化的，最新（式）的，当今的chilksan line活动弯头管线H2S ( hydrogen sulfide) 硫化氢Muster point (Muster board) 紧急集合点（紧急集合点标识牌）Wind sock 风向标SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus) 呼吸器Oxygen, acetylene氧气，乙炔Alarm 警报Ambulance 救护车Emergency team 应急小组Fire pump, Fire drill, Fire hose, ax, rope 消防泵，消防演习，消防水龙带,消防斧，消防绳JSA (job safety analysis)工作中安全因素分析HSE (health, safety and environment) 健康，安全，环保Escaping route 逃生路线Inflammables. 易燃物品Work Permit (Permit to Work) 工作许可（证）Safety meeting for running casing, liner, electric log 下套管，尾管，电测安全会PPE (personal protection equipment) 劳保用品Special operation 特殊作业Vehicle inspection 车辆检查Housekeeping 打扫卫生Crane 吊车MSDS（material safety data sheet）泥浆药品安全使用手册first aid box 急救箱Helmet安全帽Safety glasses 护目Fall arrester 防坠器VIS (viscosity) 粘度PV (plastic viscosity) 塑性粘度YP (yield point) 屈服粘度(流动点)Gels (gel strength) 静切力(胶凝强度)low viscosity低粘high viscosity (hi-vis)高粘lightweight low-viscosity mud低比重低粘泥浆water tank水罐caustic soda 烧碱dangerous 危险sand trap 沉沙罐、锥形罐trip tank 计量罐pill tank加药罐waste pit 排沙池fluid loss 失水第二节钻井常用短语及句子(陈永玲编)1.“The upper 300m interval, fill the mud every three joints, later every five joints. Ok?”“上部300米内井段，每下3根套管，灌一次泥浆。

《注水导致套管损坏机理及力学模型研究》篇一一、引言随着石油、天然气等资源的不断开发，注水技术作为提高采收率的重要手段，在油田开发中得到了广泛应用。

然而，注水过程中常常会出现套管损坏的问题，这不仅影响了油田的正常生产，还可能造成严重的经济损失。

因此，研究注水导致套管损坏的机理及力学模型，对于保障油田安全生产、提高采收率具有重要意义。

二、注水导致套管损坏的机理1. 水力冲刷作用在注水过程中，由于水的流动性和冲击力，会对套管周围的岩层产生冲刷作用。

当冲刷力超过岩层的承受能力时，会导致岩层结构破坏，进而影响套管的稳定性。

2. 化学腐蚀作用注水过程中，水中含有的氧气、二氧化碳等物质会对套管及周围岩层产生化学腐蚀作用。

长期腐蚀会导致套管及周围岩层强度降低，从而增加损坏的风险。

3. 地层应力变化在注水过程中，地层应力会发生变化，特别是当地层中的流体压力超过岩层的弹性极限时，会产生不可逆的塑性变形。

这种变形可能导致套管受到挤压或拉伸，从而造成损坏。

三、套管损坏的力学模型研究为了更好地理解注水导致套管损坏的力学过程，建立一套有效的力学模型是必要的。

本部分将重点研究套管与周围岩层的相互作用，以及注水过程中产生的各种力的影响。

1. 套管与岩层的相互作用模型该模型主要考虑套管与周围岩层的力学性质、边界条件等因素。

通过建立力学方程，分析套管在注水过程中的受力情况，以及与周围岩层的相互作用关系。

这有助于了解套管损坏的力学过程和原因。

2. 注水过程中产生的力的分析注水过程中产生的力主要包括水力冲刷力、化学腐蚀力以及地层应力等。

通过对这些力的分析和计算，可以更好地了解它们对套管损坏的影响。

此外，还需考虑不同注水速率、注水压力等因素对力的影响。

四、实验研究与数值模拟为了验证上述理论模型的正确性，需要进行实验研究和数值模拟。

本部分将介绍实验方法和数值模拟过程及结果分析。

1. 实验研究通过设计室内模拟实验，模拟注水过程中套管的受力情况及损坏过程。

稠油热采井套管损坏机理分析及预防对策研究摘要：由于地质因素和工程因素的影响，随着生产时间的延长，油水井不可避免的会出现套管损坏。

套损后直接影响油水井产能，更严重的后果是直接导致油水井停产、报废，制约了油田的开发效果。

为此本文主要对稠油热采井套管损坏的机理进行分析，并针对性地提出相应的预防对策，最大限度减少对套管损害的不利因素，从而延长套管的使用寿命。

关键词：热采井;套管损坏;机理分析;预防对策0引言稠油热采套管损坏井的日益增多严重影响了油田的开发效果，本着预防为主的方针，研究套管损坏的机理，确定引起套管损坏的原因及损坏类型，制定配套的防护措施，尽可能地减缓套管损坏速度，延长油水井使用寿命，提高油田后期开发的经济效益;进而研究套损修复技术，采取针对性的工艺技术进行综合治理，逐步提高套损井治理率和修复成功率，使停产和带病生产的套损井达到正常生产的目的。

1套管损害机理分析对于稠油热采井，热应力作用应该是造成其套管损坏的主要原因。

超稠油热采井注蒸汽的平均温度在340℃左右，有的超过350℃。

当热采井在首次注入300℃的高温蒸汽后，封隔器附近的套管将产生700MPa以上的压应力，该值高于一般套管材料的许用值，这是造成套管损坏的最直接因素。

高温高压和冷热交替是造成蒸汽吞吐井套管损坏的主要原因。

油井进行蒸汽吞吐作业比蒸汽驱连续注汽套管损坏更严重，蒸汽吞吐区块注汽温度高，注入压力大，高压冲蚀、高温热应力以及多轮次导致的温度场剧烈变化，热应力造成套管受压缩、受拉伸，再压缩、再拉伸反复疲劳损伤，对热采井的套管及水泥环的完整性均影响较大。

材质越差损坏就严重，早期的热采井部分采用J55套管，其损坏率比较高;后来采用壁厚8.05mm的N80钢级套管，其允许最大温度变化只有204℃，仍难以满足热采工艺技术要求，超过一定时间和轮次以后，套管将因疲劳而损坏。

后来经过研究的深入，不断提高完井套管钢级和壁厚，加厚套管的抗挤毁能力明显提高，具有更好的承载能力，套损率也逐年下降，套损得到较好的控制。

套管损坏原因分析及修复技术作者：李世杰来源：《硅谷》2014年第02期摘要套管损坏的原因多种多样，套管损坏原因不同，所造成损坏的类型也不同。

套管损坏类型包括：地层运动造成和工程施工造成。

套管修复可根据不同套损情况，选择合适的修复工艺技术。

关键词套管；分析；修复；技术中图分类号：TE931 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7597（2014）02-0092-02随着油气田勘探、开发，油田进入中、后期，油水井投产后，受各种因素的作用，随着生产时间不断延长，油水井套管技术状况逐渐变差，甚至损坏，使其不能正常生产。

造成套管损坏的因素是多方面的，套管损坏类型多种多样。

对套管损坏状况进行分析及修善，是我们对油水井大修的重要措施。

1 油水井套管损坏的原因分析国内外许多油田油层套管损坏的主要因素可归结为高压注水、注采不平衡、断层失稳、泥岩吸水膨胀、岩膏层蠕变、注入水和地下水腐蚀、套管质量不合格和固井质量差等。

一般情况下，油层套管损坏井往往不是单一因素，而是多因素共同作用的结果。

套管损坏井的分类一般分为套管破损和套管变形两大类：套管破损井根据套管的通径是否变化又分为套漏、套破和套管错断。

套漏一般表现为套管腐蚀穿孔和套管裂缝，但通径不变；套破一般是通井遇阻，铅印侧面严重有沟槽状，但套管横向没有完全断开；套管错断指套管完全断开；套管变形又分为套管缩径变形和套弯曲变形两种情况。

其中套管变形和破裂的井多集中在泥岩层段，套管错断井多分布在断裂带处。

据统计油层套管损坏的井在平面上的分布规律是：构造高点多、翼部少；陡翼多、缓翼少；断层附近多、一般地区少。

在纵向上水泥封固井套管损坏，多表现为腐蚀穿孔。

套管破坏的原因主要有以下几方面。

1.1 高压注水引起如采油五厂共有注水井178口，其中小于18 Mpa井有64口，大于18 Mpa的井有114口。

据统计小于18 Mpa井的套损率为32.8%，大于18 Mpa的井套损率为73.6%。

套管损坏机理与防护措施作者：李学明来源：《中国科技博览》2015年第17期[摘要]在油井生产过程中，由于地质、工程和腐蚀因素，常常会导致套管损坏，给油田带来巨大的经济损失。

本文通过分析引起套管损坏的因素，研究套管损坏的主要形式，并给出了预防套管损坏的主要措施，为油田预防套损的发生提供理论参考。

[关键词]套损机理；套损因素；套损形式；套损预防中图分类号：TG933 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-914X（2015）17-0051-01油水井投产后随着井的生产时间的不断延长，开发方案的不断调整和实施，特别是实施注水开发的油藏，由于不同的地质、工程和管理条件，油、气、水井套管技术状况将逐渐变差，甚至损坏，使油井不能正常生产，以致影响油田稳产[1-4]。

1 引起套管损坏主要的因素1.1 地质因素地层的非均质性、油层倾角、岩石性质、地层断层活动、地下地震活动、地壳运动等等地质因素是导致油水井套管技术状况变差的客观条件，导致局部小区块套管损坏区甚至成片套管损坏的出现，严重威胁油田的稳产，给作业、修井施工增加了极大的困难[5]。

引起的套管损坏的地质因素主要包括：（1）泥岩是一种不稳定的岩类，当温度升高或注入水进入泥岩层时，使泥岩产生位移、变形和膨胀，套管就会被挤压变形乃至错断。

（2）油层出砂破坏了岩石骨架的应力平衡，导致套管失稳，出现弯曲、变形或错断。

（3）注人水通过裂缝窜到软弱夹层，使它吸水，改变其物理性能，强度降低，导致岩层失稳滑动，从而造成油水井套管损坏。

1.2 工程因素地质因素是客观存在的因素，往往在其他因素引发下成为套损的主导因素。

采油工程的注水，地层改造中的压裂、酸化，钻井过程中的套管本身材质，固井质量，固井过程中套管拉伸、压缩等因素，是引发诱导地质因素产生破坏性地应力的主要原因。

引起的套管损坏的工程因素主要包括：（1）套管材质问题套管本身存在微孔、微缝，螺纹不符合要求及抗剪、抗拉强度低等质量问题，在完井后的长期注采过程中，将会出现套管损坏现象。

孤东油田小修作业对套管损伤机理分析及防范措施摘要：本文结合孤东油田井下作业小修工艺特点，针对有可能对套管造成损伤的施工工艺进行了原因分析，并根据不同施工工艺，提出了相应的保护措施，以其最大限度地降低修井作业过程中对套管的损伤。

关键词：：修井作业套管分析保护0 引言随着孤东油田进入高含水开发的后期，出砂、高强度注采、频繁作业以及井身结构、完井质量、套管材质等诸多因素影响，套损井日益增多，套损问题日趋严重，而目前套损井修复工艺复杂、难度大，多数只能工程报废处理或带病生产，成为制约油田开发效益进一步提高的重要因素。

孤东油田特殊的油藏特性，使作业在采取防砂、稠油热采、三次采油、频繁的该层生产等工艺措施实施中，单井作业频率及作业工序相对其它油田都居高不下，加剧了作业过程中对套管的损伤，修井作业已成为孤东油田套损井逐年增多的一项重要原因。

1 孤东油田套损现状孤东油田自1986年开发以来到目前，各种类型的套损井有逐年增加的趋势，特别是近年来套损速度明显加快。

截至到2010年12月底孤东采油厂套损井总数1311口，占油水井总井数的32.7%；套损油井731口，占油井总数的25.6%；套损水井580口，占水井总数的49.9%，水井套损率是油井套损率的2倍。

2.1 损坏类型孤东油田类型主要有弯曲、错断、破裂、缩径、穿孔漏失等五种类型比较见，其中弯曲、错断占到套管损坏井数的85%，为主要损坏类型。

2.2 套损位置在井深剖面上的分布规律从套管损伤井的套损位置在井身剖面上的统计资料看，套变位置主要集中分布在射孔上界以上20米至油层中部区域内，共有1059口井，占统计套损井数的80.8 %。

2 不同修井作业工况形成套损机理分析套管损伤井的套损位置调查统计表明，到2010年12月，共有套损井1311井次（表1）。

2.1高压施工对套管损伤机理分析高压施工针对套管而言，是指修井作业中施工压力超过套管标准试压值（177.8mm套管12.0MPa，139.7mm套管13.0MPa，）。

《注水导致套管损坏机理及力学模型研究》篇一一、引言在石油开采过程中，注水是一项重要的技术手段，它对油藏的产量和效率具有重要影响。

然而，随着注水作业的进行，常常会遇到套管损坏的问题。

这种问题不仅可能导致油气井的生产能力下降，甚至可能导致整个油气田的损失。

因此，深入研究注水导致套管损坏的机理和建立相应的力学模型对于预防和解决套管损坏问题具有重要的现实意义。

二、注水导致套管损坏的机理注水导致套管损坏的机理主要包括以下几个方面：1. 外部载荷作用：由于地层压力、地壳运动等因素，套管受到外部载荷的作用，导致其变形或损坏。

2. 注水压力影响：在注水过程中，过高的注水压力会超过套管材料的极限强度，从而引发套管破裂或弯曲等损坏现象。

3. 化学腐蚀：长期与水和含有各种离子的介质接触，套管可能发生腐蚀反应，从而降低其机械性能和使用寿命。

4. 地层条件变化：由于地层条件的变化（如沉积物压力、地温变化等），可能导致套管发生应力集中和疲劳损伤。

三、力学模型研究为了更深入地研究注水导致套管损坏的机理，需要建立相应的力学模型。

以下是一个典型的力学模型研究过程：1. 模型假设与简化：根据实际情况，对套管和周围地层进行合理的假设和简化，如将地层简化为均匀介质、忽略其他外部载荷的影响等。

2. 模型建立：基于弹性力学、塑性力学等理论，建立套管和周围地层的力学模型。

该模型应考虑注水压力、地层压力、材料性能等因素对套管的影响。

3. 模型求解：通过数学方法和计算机软件对建立的力学模型进行求解，得到套管在不同条件下的应力分布、变形情况等结果。

4. 结果分析：根据求解结果，分析注水过程中套管的应力变化规律、损坏机理等。

同时，通过对比不同条件下的结果，找出影响套管损坏的关键因素。

5. 模型验证：通过实际工程案例对建立的力学模型进行验证，确保模型的准确性和可靠性。

如果发现模型存在误差或不足，需要进行修正和改进。

四、结论与展望通过对注水导致套管损坏的机理及力学模型进行研究，我们可以得出以下结论：1. 注水过程中应严格控制注水压力，避免超过套管材料的极限强度。

钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling 杆式顿钻rod tool drilling直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well工程报废井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的硬度hardness of rook矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre-hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping 干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table 钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reaming放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips短起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet-bit drilling清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power 喷嘴nozzle流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifice coefficient 钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flow喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzle diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flowrate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻速方程equation for drilling rate最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor(PDM)有效钻压effective bit-weight钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 油壬union定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 伽马gamma ray(GR) 电阻率resistivity井斜变化率inclination change rate方位变化率azimuth change rate 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured(TVD and MD) 水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well 分支井multiple-lateral well 大位移井ERD(extended reach drilling)水平段长度horizontal section length(H-section length)水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well 救援井relief well套管开窗starting window on casing 磨铣开窗casing sidetracking段铣开窗casing milled sidetracking造斜kick off 增斜build-up (hole angle) 降斜build-off /drop-off(hole angle)稳斜hold/maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 造斜工具deflecting tool斜向器whipstock 工具面tool face 全角变化率over-all angle change rate井眼方位漂移walk of hole/bit walk动力钻具反扭角reactive torque磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole长/中/短半径水平井：long/medium/short radius horizontal well斜直井slant hole 井眼轨道well trajectory 靶心target靶区半径radius of target area 造斜点kick off point无磁钻铤non-magnetic DC 扭方位correction run/make up correction 取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心long barrel coring密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient异常压力abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method中途测试drill-stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure漏失试验法leak-off test地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure 气体上窜gas channeling溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压井killing well 关井closing （shut-in）well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacuum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮箍float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well固井工具和设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel-oil cement 橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsum cement抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong 泵速传感器pump rate sensor 钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging 钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井·lithologic logging 气测录井gas-logging钻速录井penetration rata logging 综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection 泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and tools accident 顿钻drill string free fall溜钻drill string not well braked 断钻具drilling pipe breaking 落鱼fish 落物junks 打捞作业fishing 打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup 反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation 壁钩wall hook 铅印模lead stamp 一把抓catchall 铣鞋mill shoe 钻杆外割刀external cutter 活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear 弯钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit 卡钻drill pipe sticking 砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating 压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking 卡点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools 震击器bumper 下击器bumper jar上击器top jar 地面下击器surface bumper jar 千斤顶jack爆炸松扣break-outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point-instrument 解卡方法releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method 跳槽·netch jumping粘扣thread gluing 滑扣thread slipping 脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating 对扣make-up 造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown 磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet-shot drill 电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill 火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill 原子能钻井atomic energy drill 电弧钻井electric arc drill 等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill 激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech-economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number 完钻井口数drilled well number 完成井口数completed well number 钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机利用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penetration行程钻速drilling rate of a trip建井周期construction cycle完成井平均建井周期average construction of completed well 完成井平均井深average well depth of completed well完成井平均进尺average bit drilling footage of completed well 钻井时效分析drilling prescription analysis进尺工作时间footage working time固井工作时间cementing working time辅助工作时间service working time事故损失时间accident losing time修理时间repairing time组织停工损失时间management down time loss处理复杂情况时间problem handling time生产时间率production per cent age纯钻进时间率reciprocating time ratio每钻机台月耗柴油量diesel consumption per rig-month每钻机台月耗机油量oil consumption per rig-month钻井工程成本cost of drilling engineering石油工程作业英语These are various parameters displayed in the comprehensive mud logging unit(CMLU).这是综合录井仪显示的各种参数How many parameters can be displayer in the CMLU?综合录井仪能显示多少参数？These are the parameters printed in real time by printer.这是打印机实时打印的参数Are the parameters printed in real time?参数是实时打印的吗？Many parameters in drilling engineering are monitored by comprehensive mud logging unit.钻井工程的很多种参数由综合录井仪监控Start CMLU, please!开始启动录井仪吧Some latest technologies have been applied in this comprehensive mud logging unit.这台录井仪使用了最先进的技术The total hydrocarbon ,especially the components C1～C5can be analyzed by the chromatograph in the CMLU.综合录井仪色谱能够分析全烃，组分C1~C5Are the total hydrocarbon and its components analyzed by chromatograph?全烃和组分是由色谱仪分析的吗？CO2 H2 can be analyzed by non-hydrocarbon detector.非烃检测仪能够分析CO2和H2There are some troubles in the sensor.传感器有故障了Please replace a new one if the sensor can not bi repaired.如果无法修就换上一个新的传感器The old sensor is not reliable, please replace a new one.旧的不可靠，换个新的吧The values of total gas and the components are not high.现在全烃和组分值都不高The total hydrocarbon and its components are increasing.全烃和组分值正在上升How about thee total hydrocarbon and its components? May I have one copy of your record?全烃和组分值怎样？给我一份记录This is not an abnormal of gas logging display.这不是气测显示异常You should pay close attention to the gad showing.密切注意气测显示This peak is caused by connection gas.这是一个单根峰This peak is caused by swabbing.这个峰值是由抽吸造成的We are testing the trip gas.现在正在测后效Please record the time when trip gas occurs.请记录后效出现时间Please calculate the height and speed of the trip gas rising.请计算后效上窜高度和上窜速度Test the trip gas after two cycles of circulation with a trip to bottom. 下钻到底循环两周测后效Is it circulation now?正在循环泥浆吗？Please circulate for two cycles.请循环两周This is an interval with an abnormal showing.这是个异常显示段5 bottles of the mud sample should be taken.泥浆采样必须取五瓶Please put the label on the sample bottle.在样品瓶上贴上标签This is the design requirement.这是设计书要求的Can you show me the design?你能给我看一下设计书吗？The technician keeps the design.设计书在技术员那里。

钻井常用术语翻译钻井总论钻井drilling钻井方法drilling method顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling直井straight hole深井deep well超深井super deep well地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well工程井engineering rejection well工程报废井abandoned well弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro-hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness史氏岩石硬度Shi's hardness矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure 岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock 岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interalfriction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool钻柱drill stem复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string钟摆钻具pendulum assembly偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer井眼大扩器reamer钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtrationAPI滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration 动滤失量dynamic filtration滤饼filter cake含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength终切力10-minuto gel strength剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale膨润土的预水化pre-hydrated bentonite固相控制solid control钻屑cutting砂sand泥silt胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight 转速rpm-revolution per minute排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point中性点neutral point开钻spud in完钻finishing drilling送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate鳖钻bit bouncing跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling划眼redressing扩眼reamin1放空drilling break吊打easing the bit in纠斜hole straightening侧钻sidetracking单根single双根double立根stand接单根king a connection起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole小鼠洞mouse hole喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流jet flow冲击射流impact jet flow汽蚀射流cavitation jet射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速patential core of jet漫流cross flow射流喷速jet velocity射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force射流水功率jet hydraulic-power喷射距离jet length清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power喷嘴nozzle等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z-value喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power 最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit钻速系数factor of penetration rate地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling涡轮钻具turbo-drill电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo-drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo-drill 涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo-drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo-drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill-pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination方位角azimuth井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal well丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing造斜deflecting or building angle增斜increasing hole angle or build-up hole angle 降斜decreasing hole angle or build-off hole angle 稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole 正切法tangential method平衡正切法balanced tangential method平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method圆弧法arc method最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile控制圆柱control cylinder造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar涡轮偏心短节turbo-eccentric sub复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex瓦片变向器rebel tool 造斜工具面tool face造斜率rate of over-all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting 磁偏角magnetic declination随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule-shoe orientation method取心coring岩心core岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation 长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure 定向取心orientation coring绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type 内岩心筒inside core barrel外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading 投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure颗粒压力grain to grain pressure压力梯度pressure gradient压力监控pressure detection and control异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate methodd指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo-information地球物理检测法wire-line logs中途测试drill-stem testing完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction 漏失试验法leak-off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯-凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system 地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density 当量深度equivalent depth钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow井涌kick井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout井喷失控out of control for blowout循环池液体增量pit gain压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well关井closing well硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method空井压井empty well control置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control抢装井口installing wellhead扣装法抢装井口buckling-up-installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning-up-installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead 带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing套管程序casing program导管conductor表层套管surface casing技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe套管扶正器centralizer泥饼刷wall scratcher浮籀float collar套管承托环cement baffle collar旋流短节vortex sub浮鞋cementing float collar水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement油基水泥（浆）diesel-oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature andcirculation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality水泥浆外加剂cement additive速凝剂accelerator缓凝剂retardant减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid尾随液tail fluid注水泥方法cementing methods常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing多管注水泥法multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger窜槽cement channeling完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer 单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well完善系数well completeness factor损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding井场布置layout平井场levelling圆井cellar基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole井架安装绞车winch穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor设备校正alignment井口找中center for well整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit 指重表传感器weight sensor进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong泵速传感器pump rate sensor钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor 钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井·lithologic logging气测录井gas-logging钻速录井penetration rata logging综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and tools accident顿钻drill string free fall溜钻drill string not well braked断钻具drilling pipe breaking落鱼fish落物junks打捞作业fishing打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation壁钩wall hook铅印模lead stamp一把抓catchall铣鞋mill shoe钻杆外割刀external cutter活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear弯钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit卡钻drill pipe sticking砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools震击器bumper下击器bumper jar上击器top jar地面下击器surface bumper jar千斤顶jack爆炸松扣break-outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point-instrument解卡方法releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls 酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method跳槽·netch jumping粘扣thread gluing滑扣thread slipping脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating对扣make-up造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet-shot drill电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill原子能钻井atomic energy drill电弧钻井electric arc drill等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech-economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number完钻井口数drilled well number完成井口数completed well number钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机利用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penetration行程钻速drilling rate of a trip建井周期construction cycle完成井平均建井周期average construction of completed well 完成井平均井深average well depth of completed well完成井平均进尺average bit drilling footage of completed well 钻井时效分析drilling prescription analysis进尺工作时间footage working time固井工作时间cementing working time辅助工作时间service working time事故损失时间accident losing time修理时间repairing time组织停工损失时间management down time loss处理复杂情况时间problem handling time生产时间率production per cent age纯钻进时间率reciprocating time ratio每钻机台月耗柴油量diesel consumption per rig-month 每钻机台月耗机油量oil consumption per rig-month钻井工程成本cost of drilling engineering。

稠油热采井套管柱损坏机理及预防措施研究我国是石油资源大国，而且重油所占的比例非常大，在开采稠油的过程中，由于稠油资源具有注汽次数多、出砂气窜现象多发、开采周期短等特点，常常会遇到套管柱损坏的问题，在很大程度上影响开采进度。

因此，本文针对套管柱出现损坏的原因，研究预防套管柱损坏的主要方法，以期能够改善套管柱损坏情况，提高油藏的开采效率与开采质量。

标签：稠油热采井；套管柱；损坏；预防0 前言一般情况下稠油井中的套管柱损坏，主要有三种类型：第一，漏失，其产生原因绝大多数为腐蚀，导致管道内出现不同程度的破裂，如果没有及时处理，还容易导致大井段破漏，后果非常严重。

第二，变形，一般情况下为缩径变形，容易导致开采量减少，严重时还会堵塞管道。

第三，错位，多是因为地层移动而导致管道受力发生变化，进而形成断脱，这种情况在修复过程中的难度很大。

1 损坏原因1.1 高温变化稠油热采井中的高温，是造成套管柱损坏的一个主要原因。

很多工程在油层上段都没有安装热处理设备，还有一些工程没有及时处理已经失效的封隔器，这些因素都会使得井内的高温蒸汽直接作用于套管柱，套管柱长期处在高温工作条件下，其工作效能很容易降低，进而影响其使用寿命[1]。

从实际情况来看，如果长期处于高温工作环境下，其抗拉强度、弹性模量以及工作效能，都会出现不同程度的降低。

1.2 油井问题当前，很多稠油井都会出现出砂现象，尤其是对油井进行挖掘的过程中，油层很容易因碰撞而出砂，如果岩砂飞溅到稠油井中，就会导致该段套管陷入到亏空境地，这种情况是非常危险的。

另外，如果地层压力在同一时间出现降低情况，那么在物理挤压的条件下，岩石无法保持原本相对平衡的应力，在这种情况下，也很容导致套管因受到挤压而发生破损。

1.3 热能处理在稠油热采井中，很容易产生高温热应力，如果没有对其及时处理，就会对套管产生破坏。

在对稠油井注气时，怎样运用技术，将井内存在的热能疏散，也是当前领域内部面临的主要问题。