河南理工大学英语本部06语言学A卷答案和评分标准
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河南理工大学 2008-2009 学年第二学期
《英语语言学导论》答案和评分标准（A卷）
I、Define the following terms (20 points, 4 points each)
Directions: The following terms are required to be defined, and the definitions should be clear, concise and logical.
1.design feature: the distinctive features of human language that essentially make human
language distinguishable from languages of animals.
2.Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or
more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable Centre of Head. In the phrase two pretty girls, girls is the Centre or Head of this phrase or word group.
plementary antonomy: complementary antonomy is the sense relation between two
antonyms which are complementary to each other. That is, they divide up the whole of a semantic field completely. Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denial of one also means the assertion of the other. Not only he is alive means “He is not dead”, He is not alive also means “He is dead”.
4.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: What this hypothesis suggests is like this: our language helps mould
our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers’unique ways of understanding the world.
5.foregrounding: In literary texts, the grammatical system of the language is often exploited,
experimented with, made to “deviate from other, more everyday, forms of language, and as a result creates interesting new patterns in form and in meaning” .
评分标准:共5题,每题2分.定义不一定要和参考答案完全吻合,但关键词一定要和参考答案吻合,方能得分. 部分关键词缺失,酌情扣1分.
II、Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each)
Directions: For each question, there are four choices of answers. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chosen. Choose ALL the correct ones.
1. A
2.BCD
3. A
4. B
5. ABC
6. A
7. ABC
8. B
9. BD 10. BD
11. BD 12. ABC 13. A14. B 15. C
评分标准: 共15题,每题2分.多选,错选和漏选均不给分.
III. Blank Filling ( 10 points, 1 points each blank)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with words or phrases starting with the first letter given below.
1. epenthesis
2.slant lines, square brackets
3. tone
4. selecting, grading
6. native language, target language
7. pre-modified, interactively
评分标准:共10空,每空1分,答案唯一
IV. True or False Questions(10 points, 1 point each)
Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket before each of them.
1.( F )
2. ( T )
3. ( T )
4. ( t )
5. ( F )
6. ( T )
7. ( F )
8. ( T )
9. ( T ) 10. ( F )
评分标准: 共10题,每题1分.多选,错选和漏选均不给分.
V. Answer Questions(30 points, 10 points each)
Directions: Y ou’d better answer Question 2 and Question 3 with no less than 100 words.
1. 1). The boy was crying. 2). shut the door.
3). The happy teacher in that class was beaming away.
4). His handsome face appeared in the magazine.
2. 现以“计算机病毒”这一概念形成为例，用整合理论阐释。
在“计算机病毒”概念形成之前，存在两个输入空间，一个生物学与医学空间(input 1)和计算机与程序空间(input 2)，两空间间的元素存在部分映射关系，生物学中的病毒有不易发现、传染快、损害机体健康等特点，讨算机空间中的破坏程序有隐蔽性、可自我复制、可删除等特点。
这两个空间存在着相似的结构与组织，生物学上的病毒与计算机中的破坏程序者都难以发现、蔓延速度快等特点。
所以两个空问形成跨空间映射，形成一个类属空问(generic Space)。
生物学中的病毒的相关特点如难以发现、传播速度快、损害机体与计算机中的相关特点如难以察觉、可自我复制等一起
投射到第四个空间—合成空间(Blend)。
经过相关投射组合，形成了一个新的概念“计算机病毒”。
它提取了生物病毒的某些特点，又有自己的一些特点。
在此基础上，我们经过完善(completion)和扩展(elaboration)形成了层创结构(emergent structure)，即…针算机病毒”概念整合而成。
3. Learners acquire language as a result of comprehending input addressed to them. The concept of “i+ 1” principle: The language that learners are exposed to should be just far enough beyond their current competence that they can understand most of it but still be challenged to make progress
评分标准:本题共3题,每题10分,第2题和第3题答案不一定要和参考答案完全吻合,但要点必须吻合,要点不完整, 酌情扣1-3分.第3题答案唯一，每词 1 分。
