《英语语言学概论》复习纲要
1.复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以
各章的题目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。
2.各章节复习要点如下
Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics
Definitions of the following terms: language, linguistics, arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, descriptive VS prescriptive, synchronic VS diachronic, langue VS parole, competence VS performance
Study of the origin of language
What are the functions of language
Which subjects are included in macrolinguistics
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
Definitions of the following terms: articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics, phonetics, phonology, consonants, vowels, allophones, broad transcription VS narrow transcription
Analyze the complementary distribution, free variation with examples The classification of English consonants and English vowels and the features involved in the classification
Understand some processes of phonology: nasalization, dentalization, velarization
Differences between intonation and tone
Chapter 3 From morpheme to phrase
Definitions of the following terms: morpheme, morphology, backformation, blending, class shift
Differences between root and stem, inflectional VS derivational affix Analyze the morphemes contained in English words, such as internationalization, distempered, moonwalk, frienships
What are the characteristics of a word
Understand the classification of English words: variable VS invariable, grammatical VS lexical, closed-class VS open-class, particles, auxiliaries, determiners
Understand the processes of word formation with examples: blending, abbreviation, acronym, backformation, class-shift
Chapter 4 From word to Text
Definitions of the following terms: syntax, endocentric VS exocentric construction, coordination VS subordination
Syntactic functions of English sentences: subject (agent VS patient, grammatical VS logical), predicate, object
Categories in English: number, gender, agreement
Chapter 5 Meaning
Definitions of the following terms: semantics, the referential theory, semantic triangle, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy
Understand synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy with examples Subclassification of antonymy
Componential analysis in practice: such as boy, girl, woman, man, mother, father (entailment and polysemous)
Chapter 6 Language and cognition
Definition of the following terms: psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics Understand the three issues of psycholinguistics: language acquisition, language comprehension, language production
Understand examples concerning construal operations
Understand examples concerning categorization (basic level, superordinate and subordinate levels)
Understand examples concerning metaphor (target domain, source domain)
Understand examples concerning metonymy
Chapter 7 Language, Culture, and Society
Definition of the following terms: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, the theory of context of situation
Understand the two examples (Hopi language and study of color words) concerning Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Chapter 8 Language in Use
Differences between pragmatics and semantics
Understand the theory of Illocutionary Act (three senses)
