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句子成分和结构(老师)

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1 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rose in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式 I can swim. Can you swim? I have finished my task. What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We don’t study English well. He should have finished his homework. He could be swimming. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 2

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. 3

The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor.(the+adj) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. Vt+sb+sth=vt+sth+to/for +sb Give,show,pass,offer,buy,send,tell,etc Tell me when we will have a holiday. 4

I am afraid I have time to go with you 5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） See sb do----sb be seen to do His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. We found her singing in She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组 5

或句子。 A wanted man man wanted A boy standing over there Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） 6

I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9.同位语：当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如： Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。 Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。 7

Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。 Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁? We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。 以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。 二、特殊同位语归纳 1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语 Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗? They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队

She has great concern for us students. 她对

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英语句子成分及基本结构

英语句子成分及基本结构


•B：动词后加for make生产，制造…… buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为……交钱
• e.g. 我父亲给我买了一本书。 • My father bought me a book.
My father bought a book for me • 他给了我一个苹果。
定语(attributive)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为 定语。 如He likes to drink cold milk(他喜欢喝冷 牛奶)中的cold 。
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • • •
He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 47 students in our class. (数词) Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格 He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
状语(adverbial) 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 充当词类：副词，介词短语或句 子
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、 目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴 随状况等。
• • • • • • • • • • I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.
句子成分和结构

句子成分和结构

第二讲句子成分和句子结构一：句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。

1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。

如：Students study. (学生学习。

)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。

充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）数词4）动词-ing形式5）不定式6）名词短语7）名词从句等。

2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

如：Students study. (学生学习。

)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。

谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）。

3、宾语：用来表示行为的对象或内容，常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如：I play with him. (我和他一起玩。

)I hate mouse. (我讨厌老鼠。

)这两句话中单词mouse是名词，单词him是代词，它们在句中作宾语。

充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）-ing形式5）数词6）不定式7）名词从句等。

4、定语：用来修饰名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。

形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

如：This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳。

)He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。

）The girl behind me is my sister. (我后面的那个女孩是我的姐姐。

)前两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。

英语句子成分讲解

英语句子成分讲解

一、介绍与其重要性

句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子 才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有 八种：
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语。
句子成分与结构
英语的句子成分：


一） 主语： 名词 Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子 动词/动词短语 担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 二）谓语由_____________ 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
Exercises

你的故事听起来很有趣。 Your story sounded very interesting. ____________________________________. 把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。 Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad. ________________________________________. 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days. __________________________________________. 这个计划证明是可行的。 The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical. __________________________________________.
句子成分分析与句子结构讲解教案

句子成分分析与句子结构讲解教案

(5).Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
六、定语
定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1．形容词用作定语是大量的。
（1）She is a natural musician.她是一位天生的音乐家。
8. I’m very pleased with what he has done.我对他所做的很满意。（过分）
9. She is in good health.她很健康。（介词短语）10. Is that why you were angry?这就是你发怒的原因吗？（从句）
补充：能做系动词的实义动词：come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词) feel，sound ,smell , look , taste（感官动词）seem, appear (似乎，好像)
1.名词作主语。
A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
2.代词用作主语。
You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
3.数词用作主语。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.如能见到他，那将是一件愉快的事。
8.动名词用作主语。