新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案
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2020年BEC剑桥商务英语高级阅读试题及答案(卷二)Lack of self-confidence will put you at a disadvantage in a negotiation .1. This company has been involved in diversifying its business activities.2. Although this company is doing well, it has a number of internal difficulties to deal with3. This company has reduced the profits it makes on individual items4. One statistic is a less accurate guide to this company’s performance than another5. The conditions which have helped this company are likely to be less favourable in the future6. This company’s share price has been extremely volatile over the last twelve months7. This company is likely to be the subject of a takeover bid in the near future8. This company’s performance exemplifies a widely held beliefA Chemical CompanyMasterson’s interim pre-tax profits growth of 20% was somewhat inflated as a result of the income received from the disposal of several of the company’s subsidiaries. The underlying 8% rise in operating profits is a more realistic gauge of the company’s true progress. However,Masterson’s impending merger with Bentley and Knight and its appointment of a new chief executive should mean that the company will be able to sustain growth for the foreseeable fut5ure. The share price has varied little during the course of the year and now stands at £6.75B Hotel GroupDuring the past year the Bowden Hotel Group has acquired 77 new properties, thus doubling in size . last week the group reported pre-tax profits of £88 million in the first six months of the year, ahead of expectations and helped by a strong performance from its London-based hotels and newly expanded US business. However. There is still some way to go. Integration of the new acquisitions is still not complete and, while the share price has risen recently, major problems with integration have yet to be solved.C High-tech CompanyThis time last year a share in Usertech was worth just over £1. six months ago it was worth £40. today it is priced at under £8 . if proof were need, here is an illustration of how much of a lottery the technology market can be. But some technology companies are fighting back and Usertech is one of them . What has renewed excitement in the company is the opening of its new American offices in Dallas and its ambitious plans to expand its user base in both North and Latin America.D Building CompanyRenton’s share price has risen gradually over the past year from £2.4 to £3.8 . The company has been successful in choosing prime location for its buildings and has benefited from the buoyant demand for housing. Whilst this demand is expected to slow down somewhat during the next year, investors are encouraged by the company’s decision to move into building supermarkets. Work has already begun on two sites in London, and the company is expected to sign a contract within the next month for building four large supermarkets in Scotland.E Pottery ManufacturerMilton Dishes has been through a shake-up over the past year. The group, which has been cutting margins and improving marketing, may post a small profit this year. The many members of the Milton family, who between them own 58 per cent of the business, have been watching the share price rise steadily and several are looking to sell. Trade rival Ruskin has bought up just over 17 percent of the shares and could well be spurred into further action by the signs of a recovery at the firm.参考答案:1 D2 B3 E4 A5 D6 C7 E8 C这种类型的题不过是一个句子换一种说法,关键是看对每一段话的理解。
剑桥商务英语高级-115(总分:96.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数:1,分数:8.00)AEnsuring employees arrive at work geared up and ready to give their all is a major challenge facing managers today. It used to be so easy. A fat pay cheque and the promise of promotion was all that was needed to keep people committed, loyal and happy. But the world of work has changed, and nowadays, organisations cannot rely on the corporate cheque book to give them the edge. Numerous employee surveys have shown that although pay still makes people tick, a whole raft of other issues have entered the motivation equation.BOne of the problems is that managers often don't appreciate they are playing in a completely new ball game, and a reliance on old-style motivational techniques just won't work in today's technology-driven, fast-paced business environment. For example, an employee could be working in South Africa, with a boss sitting in London and the main client they are dealing with based in Asia. So for someone who is very motivated by face-to-face contact and a collegiate environment, that could be a huge problem.CWhat most employees expect is the chance to work flexibly, on interesting and stimulating tasks that give them the opportunity to develop their skills and talents. Managers on the ground may not always be able to influence pay and working practices - but, if they are to extract top performance from their teams, they need to know how to press the right buttons and create a culture that will inspire their workforce, a culture in which achievement is acknowledged and people feel valued.DOrganisations should focus on asking people what they want - a relatively simple task that is too often considered unnecessary. However, questions about motivation have to be asked skilfully, or you won't get to the bottom of what really makes people go that extra mile. Two people may both say they want an interesting and stimulating job, but have widely divergent ideas of what would constitute such a position: a city trader would probably find business consultancy boring, and a consultant might be scared by the city trader's job, but both may be very satisfied with their own job.EThere are huge gaps between what employees expect from employers and what they actually get. For instance, employers' emphasis on employability (equipping workers with 'marketable' skills) may be somewhat misguided. One study showed that what people really wanted was not employability but job security. As a result, employees had the feeling that their employer wasn't delivering, which had a detrimental effect on the employees' workplace performance and attitudes. The problem lies partly in a lack of communication: to ensure mutual understanding and to align employees' values and goals with those of the organisation, much more conversation is needed.(分数:8.00)(1).People may perceive the same type of work very differently.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:D)解析:(2).It is important that staff gain recognition for what they have done.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:C)解析:(3).The behaviour of staff may be influenced by disappointment with what their organisation provides.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:E)解析:(4).Traditional ways of motivating staff cannot be put into practice these days.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:B)解析:(5).A good salary alone is no longer enough to motivate staff.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:A)解析:(6).It is desirable for staff and their employers to have similar objectives.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:E)解析:(7).Staff should be able to improve their abilities through their work.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:C)解析:(8).Not all companies see a need to find out what motivates their staff.(分数:1.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:D)解析:三、PART TWO(总题数:1,分数:6.00)Introducing T-shaped managementDespite their best efforts, most companies continue to squander what may be their greatest asset in today's knowledge economy. I am referring to the wealth of expertise, ideas and latent insights that lie scattered across or deeply embedded in their organisations. This seems a great shame, because capitalising on those intellectual resources - using existing knowledge to improve performance or combining strands of knowledge to create something altogether new - can help companies respond to a surprising array of challenges, from fending off smaller, nimbler rivals to integrating businesses that have been forced together in a merger.(9) I suggest another approach, one that requires managers to change their behaviour and the way they spend their time. The approach is novel but, when properly implemented, quite powerful. I call it T-shaped management.T-shaped management relies on a new kind of executive, one who breaks out of the traditional corporate hierarchy to share knowledge freely across the organisation (the horizontal part of the T) while remaining fiercely committed to individual business unit performance (the vertical part). (10) Although this tension is most acute for heads of business units, any T- shaped manager with operating unit obligations must wrestle with it.You might ask, why rely so heavily on managers to share knowledge? Why not just institute a state-of-the-art knowledge management system? The trouble is that those systems are best at transferring explicit knowledge; for example, the template needed to perform a complicated but routine task. (11) In fact, this implicit knowledge sharing is crucial to the success of innovation-driven companies. Furthermore, merely moving documents around can never engender the degree of collaboration that is needed to generate new insights. (12)Effective T-shaped managers will benefit companies of almost any size, but they're particularly crucial in large corporations where operating units have been granted considerable autonomy. Although giving business units greater freedom generally increases accountability and spurs innovation, it can also lead to competition between units, which may hoard, rather than share,expertise. (13)So, how do you successfully cultivate T-shaped managers and capitalise on the value they can create? Energy giant BP Amoco provides some provocative answers. My in-depth examination of their management practices highlighted five specific types of value that T-shaped managers can generate.(14) It is important to follow these, because the benefits of T-shaped management will not be realised if the concept is poorly implemented. Senior executives must put in place mechanisms that simultaneously promote and discipline managers' knowledge-sharing activities.A However, direct personal contact is more typically needed to effectively transfer the kind of knowledge that must be creatively applied to particular business problems or opportunities.B For that, companies really have to bring people together to brainstorm.C Many companies have tried, with mixed success, to leverage this underused asset by centralising knowledge management functions or by investing heavily in knowledge management technology.D The entire history of the T-shaped manager is one of evolution, a process that continues to this day.E The successful T-shaped manager must learn to live with, and ultimately thrive within, the stress created by this dual responsibility.F By encouraging collaboration, a T-shaped management system can be a powerful counterbalance to such negative behaviour.G Their experience also suggests guidelines for creating an environment in which T-shaped managers will flourish.H I am referring to the wealth of expertise, ideas and latent insights that lie scattered across or deeply embedded in their organisations.(分数:6.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:C)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:E)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:A)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:B)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:F)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:G)解析:四、PART THREE(总题数:1,分数:6.00)Corporate social responsibility and sustainability are ethical choices that companies make about how they do business. Current thinking indicates that, as a society, we are beginning to appreciate more fully that there must be limits to our consumption of natural resources, and that business activities must take greater account of this impact on society and economies, as well as the environment in which we live. It is well documented that the corporate sector is in a position of unparalleled dominance and that the global resources of a rising number of multinational companies dwarf many of the national economies in which they operate.Market liberalisation and privatisation have created new global markets, and extended the role of the private sector in public services and civil infrastructure projects. As a result, businesses are now heavily involved in public policy issues throughout the world. For these reasons, businesses must be accountable - not just to shareholders but to consumers, employees and other stakeholders. This means that as corporations continue to grow in power, their responsibilitygrows too, increasing the number of ethical considerations they must face. Companies who ignore this development will increasingly find themselves challenged by different groups of stakeholders questioning the values and practices of businesses.These issues present major challenges for the role of marketing, and an opportunity for a timely response for individual marketers to consider what this means in their day-to-day work. Marketing is the guardian of the brand, so a company's marketing team must be able to take account of how social and cultural changes impact on the health of the brand. How is this to be addressed by marketers? How widely does marketing engage with the company's stakeholders? A more holistic, inclusive approach across the business is required to safeguard the brand's intangible assets of trust, goodwill and long-term value to the business. Marketers may aim to establish whether they can connect with customers in a way that extends the marketer's role beyond merely communicating the offer to prospective buyers. Marketing's role could well come to be seen more broadly in terms of connecting with stakeholders not only in terms of value, but values.In a world where intangible assets and corporate reputation are critical components of corporate success, it is inevitable that these newer approaches to marketing are becoming involved with ethics and sustainability issues. It means that marketers can enjoy new opportunities to add value to brands. There are tangible benefits to be gained in product development, innovation and competitive advantage when broader sustainability and ethical considerations are taken into account.But if marketing is about selling more and sustainability is about consuming fewer resources and producing less pollution, how on earth are marketers supposed to pursue both goals at the same time? Perhaps it's easy to overestimate the depth and scale of the opposition between these goals - and to underestimate the degree to which marketers can align traditional corporate objectives with those of ethics and sustainability. Marketing's core role is to align what the business produces to what the market wants - the route to increased sales.It all means that the firm must invest money, people and resources only in the things that add value for customers. It requires the business not to waste any effort, money or resources doing things that don't add value for users. Responsible marketing, in other words, is actually all about helping business avoid and eliminate waste, as well as continuing to manage natural or manmade resources. It is an important role for marketers and one that has not been fully recognised or appreciated in terms of potential to create innovative solutions.(分数:6.00)(1).What change does the first paragraph mention?(分数:1.00)A.a decrease in the size of certain economiesB.a growth in knowledge of how resources affect economies √C.a decrease in the resources available to companiesD.a growth in the number of choices available to companies解析:(2).According to the second paragraph, businesses are now encountering(分数:1.00)A.a wider range of obligations. √B.greater public criticism.C.problems they should have foreseen.D.an increase in internal disagreement.解析:(3).In the third paragraph, it is suggested that marketers(分数:1.00)A.should devise stricter social and financial categories.B.need to attract new categories of customers.C.should have a greater input in the design of products.D.need to expand their areas of activity. √解析:(4).What development is mentioned in the fourth paragraph?(分数:1.00)A.Product design is becoming secondary to ethical considerations.B.A company's reputation is growing in importance over its brands.C.Ethical considerations can lead to effective innovation. √petitiveness is becoming harder to maintain over tim解析:(5).What comment is made in the fifth paragraph?(分数:1.00)A.The challenge facing marketing may be impossible in the long term.B.Marketing activity should move away from traditional goals.C.Conflicts confronting marketing may be less extreme than expected. √D.Marketing should focus on promoting goods which last longer.解析:(6).According to the final paragraph, businesses now need to(分数:1.00)A.revise certain aspects of their activity. √B.conduct research into the efficient use of man-made resources.C.ensure their range of investments is ethical.municate new sets of values to customers. PART FOUR解析:五、PART FOUR(总题数:1,分数:10.00)Leisure TimeThere are some people who really do live for their work and lead totally fulfilled lives with this as their only or main focus. Are you one of them? If not, are you (21) enough attention to your need for time away from work?There are two big problems here. One is finding a job that does not involve excessive hours, a job where you are still (22) seriously even if you don't frequently work late. The other is deciding how you want to spend your leisure time. If circumstances are conspiring to squeeze that last bit of precious (23) time out of your week, then (24) on to some time, even one hour a week, as sacred. Build it into your diary and never let anyone (25) you out of it. Even if it means doing an extra hour earlier in the week, it's worth it.Another (26) is to try to change the status quo. It is often middle management who want to see us at our desks 24 hours a day, (27) of output, whereas more objective senior managers may (28) that going home on time is a more productive long-term strategy. Perhaps it's time for us to (29) a stand. Even if, in the short term, we cannot work fewer hours and so cannot find the leisure time we need, then at least we can bear it in (30) as an aim for the future.(分数:10.00)A.settingB.paying √C.puttingD.holding解析:A.dealtB.receivedC.handledD.taken √解析:A.loneB.singleC.individualD.personal √解析:A.hang √B.gripC.leanD.sit解析:A.convinceB.tellC.talk √D.converse解析:neB.streetC.avenue √D.alley解析:A.thoughtlessB.regardless √C.uncaringD.unconcerned解析:A.accept √B.viewC.supportD.approve解析:A.giveB.bringC.placeD.make √解析:A.opinionB.ideaC.mind √D.memory解析:六、PART FIVE(总题数:1,分数:10.00)The Rag TradeThere is one kind of clothes shopper whose selections never leave the bag they come in. They know exactly what they want and they go in and get it, often buying in bulk, and often with little regard for (31) this latest fashion even fits them. These are the fashion investors, and they are out to make money. Once, the only way to profit from fashion as a collectable item was to buy rare, vintage or antique garments (32) mint condition - an expensive business and still (33) which offers relatively risky returns. The modern way has collectors buying more mainstream fashion items that are in the shops now, in (34) knowledge that they will appreciate consider- ably over just a (35) years. The returns on fashion investments are not always massive, althoughestimates of a four hundred per cent return are (36) uncommon. Certainly they are considerably better than the return offered by a high interest savings account and, (37) those who are experts, better than the stock market. The knowledge necessary for fashion investing means investors invariably work in the fashion industry. They often know (38) is going to catch on before the fashion press does and they know where and through whom products can be bought. They can spot what is disposable high fashion now but will (39) on to become a classic of its time in years to come, worth far more than they laid (40) for it originally.(分数:10.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:WHETHER/IF)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:IN)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:ONE/SOMETHING)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:THE)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:FEW)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:NOT)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:FOR)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:WHAT)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:GO)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:OUT)解析:七、PART SIX(总题数:1,分数:12.00)REGUS INSTANT OFFICESRegus offers for immediately available, fully-furnished, serviced offices in agrowing number of locations worldwide. We bring together people, property41 and technology to provide a platform for doing the business on flexible terms42 wherever, and whenever, you do require. You can hire an office for a day, a43 week, a month, a year or however long you need them to. You can do it as44 easily as you would book a hotel or rent a car, and, with our management45 skills, you can be assured of such consistent quality. Increased demand46 is continually driving us to open new centres. Our aim is to provide you a47 world-class business service which is a driving force in changing the way48 people work.' Regus centres can be found out in prominent, convenient49 locations throughout the world. In each centre contains a range of facilities,50 including serviced offices, meeting rooms, reception areas, altogether with51 coffee/tea points and cybercafes. Everything is there of the highest standard.52 In addition to being fully furnished and equipped up, each centre is staffedwith a professional service team ready to assist you.(分数:12.00)填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:THE)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:DO)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:THEM)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:CORRECT)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:SUCH)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:YOU)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:CORRECT)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:OUT)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:IN)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:ALTOGETHER)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:THERE)解析:填空项1:__________________ (正确答案:UP)解析:八、WRITING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)九、PART ONE(总题数:1,分数:2.00)(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(Sample AThis bar charts shows the number of positive and negative responses given by customers in a market survey about services at a leisure centre. Asked about the parking facilities at the leisure centre 700 customers responded positively, whereas 550 said something negative about it. Looking at the ticket costs there were almost three times as many people responding negatively than positive. With only 350 positive responses. The booking service was equally evaluated. For this service the survey counted 650 positive and 600 negative responses. In contrast to the ticket costs the attitude of staff was evaluated very positively. Only a fourth of the 1,250 asked customers complained about the attitude of staff. 950 people thought positively about the staff at the leisure centre. Summarizing the results of this survey you can say that there is need for improvement in the fields of ticket costs, booking service and parking.Band 4This is a well-organised answer which uses a good range of cohesive devices ('whereas', 'in contrast to', etc.). The candidate has used quite sophisticated language, and errors mostly occur only when more ambitious language is attempted.Sample BThis report sets out the distribution of positive and negative responses given in a market survey about service provision at a leisure centre. How did customers think about Parking? From the 1250customers, 700 customers found that parking was very good and 550 found that parking could better. The customers found that the ticket costs could lower because they pay a lot of money for one single hour.The booking service is a little bit more positive then negative. Customers think that the booking service is quiet well in of but it can be more suggested.The attitude of the staff is well done because the customer tells what kind of idea she has and the staff thinks about the idea and work the idea out.The results of the survey are very good for the leisure centre.Band 2This is an inadequate attempt at the task. There is some irrelevance and quite a few basic errors, some of which impede communication. The writer uses a limited range of structure and vocabulary, and the language is generally too elementary for this level.)解析:十、PART TWO(总题数:3,分数:6.00)2.· Your company recently sponsored a national event for the first time and your manager has asked you to write a report on this.· Write your report for your manager, including the following information:· a brief description of the event· which aspects of the event were particularly successful and why· the benefits to the company of sponsoring the event· what needs to be done before considering further sponsorship.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(Sample CReport on the first Dell-sponsored 'Bol d' Or Cup'IntroductionThe aim of this report is to summarize our first 'Bol d' Or Cup' and to demonstrate its benefits for our company.FindingsThere are four key findings which will be developped in this report: the description of the event, the aspects which were successful, the benefits we took and the further needs in this branch. The Bol d 'Or Cup usually takes place in Geneva in june every year. The most beautiful and the most recent boats are competing there to gain marvellous prices. There are only sailing boats that attend this Cup and this is always a good occasion to see the last innovations.Dell decided for the first time to sponsor this event: every boat had the Dell logo and a lot of gifts were offered: computers, notebooks, printers, webcams etc. We had invited our most important customers to watch the boats, some of them competed as well as a sailing team. The account managers were present as well, they could link business and leisure, meet new contacts, which was very positive for both.Everybody was very satisfied with this event and of course with Dell's participation. It brought us an increasing awareness on the market and gave us a positive image of a motivated and engaged manufacturer. We want to go on on sponsoring this event but we have to consider the future costs for next year even if the first event was a real success.ConclusionIt's clear that Dell's first sponsorship of the Bol d'Or Cup was positive: better awareness of the brand, interesting meetings. But the cost of this type of event is high and therefore needs to be measured for the future.Band 3This is a good achievement of the task and a well-organised answer. However, the frequency of non-impeding errors keeps it at a band 3.Sample DThe aim of this report is to give an overview of the event our company decided to sponsor and present the benefits and the pitfalls.Introduction to the event'Computer 2003' was the fifth edition of an annual event held in Lausanne (Switzerland). Its goal is to present and promote the innovations in the IT field.Its successDesigned to inform professionals, the event also reached the interest of the public. During the whole week, the guests took park very actively in the meetings, thereby demonstrating a huge and shared interest, and the public was nothing if not captivated by the demonstrations and shows. Unfortunately, the opening hours were relatively restrictive and it was therefore really difficult for the visitors to see everything.The place of our companyAs a widely recognised training services provider, we were offered in return of our sponsorship a place to promote our books and training programmes, complemented by advertising areas.We therefore have been able to reach many potential customers as well as other companies interested in consolidating their staff's knowledge.In conclusion and for the futureOur company was really well exposed and reached many new potential clients. There is no doubt that our future sales will benefit from the numerous contacts our staff made, and the return on investment is therefore undoubtely really good and worth our sponsorship.We should consider this type of action more often. But, as our staff is not used to this type of publicity, we should consider a special training in providing the company and its service before doing this type of action again.Band 5This is a full realisation of the task set. It is very well organised with an excellent range of structures and vocabulary and only minimal errors.)解析:3.· Your company has recently been taken over by another company, and your department has been restructured. This has resulted in a number of problems which you want to make the new owners aware of.· Write a letter to the Managing Director of the new owners:· outlining what the situation in your department was before the takeover· explaining what problems have arisen and why· suggesting how these problems could be resolved· warning what might happen if these problems are not resolved.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案:(Sample ERe: Human Resources Department - restructuringDear Mr BlackwellFurther to our phone conversation of yesterday, I am writing to detail and explain issues related to the recent restructuring of the HR department. To begin with, I would like to outline what the situation in the department was before the takeover and what has changed since then. Previouslyled by a local HR manager, our team was handling day-to-day issues and was really open to listen and support employees. Since the takeover, we are now managed by a supervisor who is based in the UK.As a result, it is difficult to touch base with him on a daily basis and because he's overloaded with his own team in London, it appears that he might not be able to involve himself with the current issues arising within our team. I fully understand that the restructuring has resulted in increasing the workload in HR but as we are going through severe changes, the staff members need to be supported and guided by a senior manager who could provide them with a legal advice. Therefore, I suggest organising weekly team meetings with the new HR manager as well as arranging one-on-ones with each HR member so they can understand what is really expected from them and in which direction this company is going towards.I think that the above should be seen as a high priority because people tend to feel lost and insecured nowadays and, therefore, don't show a positive attitude.I look forward to hearing from you.Best regards,Eric MarziBand 4A very good realisation of the task, showing natural use of language and good use of a full range of tenses. There is, however, slightly inappropriate register towards the end.Sample FFrom: Anastasia Antonova. Sales DepartmentTo: Mr Smith. The Managing Director.Date: 25 March 2004Subject: Problems of Sales DepartmentDear Mr SmithI am writing to make you aware of several problems which have arisen in our department after it was restructured.Before the takeover we had very friendly atmosphere in the department. All the staff knew the objectives of the company and had oppotunities to take part in decision-making. We could turn directly to the director and inform him about our wishes and suggestions.Now we have some problems. The first problem is that there is no possibilities to communicate with high level managers and the director. Nobody in our department clearly knows where our company is going. We are not able to do our best if we do not know what goals we want to achive. The second problem is that the staff does not informed how it is estimated. The managers monitor workers and constantly make notes but people do not realize what they do wrong. Many workers were fired without any reason.These problems can be resolved if there are more communication opportunities between workers and managers. For example, you can organise meetings where everybody is able to express his views and make suggestions. We would be very greatful if you could take any steps to resolve these problems. Because the staff is not motivated and this might lead to decrease in sales in our department.Yours sincerelyAntonova AnastasiaSales ManagerBand 3A clearly organised answer and the errors are generally non-impeding. It shows an adequate range of structure and vocabulary and all the content points are covered.)解析:。
1.2Asking and answering questionAn environmental accidentThe Daily ReporterTankerGrounded200 tonnes of oil leak into sea1 .Following this news announcement a journalist interviews a spokesperson from the company that owns the tanker. Listen to the interview.1 What caused the accident?2 How many accidents has the ship been involved in?3 Does the spokesperson come out of it well?2Complete the questions the journalist asks.1 how this happened?2this isn't the first time this particular ship has been in an accident3And to do to limit the damage?4 this kind of accident is acceptable?5 It's a PR disaster for your company,Indirect questions3 Look at exercise 2. Study the structure of the indirect questions in sentences 1 and 4,and the tag questions in sentences 2 and 5.4 Convert the following questions into indirect questions.0 How many years' experience do you have in customer service?Can you tell me how many years' experience you have in customer Service?1 Where have you worked before?I'd be interested to know2 Are you an ambitious person?Would you say3 Have you gone as far as you can in your present job?Do you think ?4 Who are our main customers?Do you know ?5Convert the following questions into tag questions.0 Are you interested in a full 一time job?You're interested in a full-time job ,are not you?1 Are you married?2 Can't you start tomorrow"?3 have you only worked for smaller companies?4 Did you manage to find our offices easily'?5 Is this your first real job?6 Would you be able to work part-time?A job interview6 How would you feel if you were asked these questions? How would you reply?1 Can you tell me why you think you'll be good at this job?2 Why should I employ you?3 You don't have much experience in this field, do you?4 You've taken quite a lot of time out from work .Why is that?5 You are quite a quietly-spoken person. Do you have trouble asserting yourself?G Now, your last job. Did you choose to leave?7 And what do you know about our company?8 So tell me what you did yesterday.7 Work with a partner. Each choose one of the following jobs to be interviewed for. Prepare five questions each and then lake it in turns to adopt the role of in terviewer and in terviewee. Try to put your in terviewee 'on the spot:firefighter restaurant manager web designerfundraiser for local sports club trainee investment advisor1.3Reading Test: Introduction andPart OneThe Reading Test has six parts, in which there are a total of 52 questions, and Lasts one hour. It carries 25% of the total marks. The texts are all business-related and vary between 150 and 500 words in length. Each part tests a particular reading skill or understanding of language structure.In the exam, you have an hour to read over 2,000 words, so try to develop your reading speed. The only way to do this is to practise:.Read English business texts, e g Time, Newsweek..Get your news from English Internet sites, e g the BBC, CNN.Part Text tune Skill focus Task1 Single text or 5 short texts (450 words2 Single text (460500 words)3 Single text(500-600 words)4 Single text (250words)Beading for global meaning; Matching summariessummarising to each section of textheading for detail;understanding structureReading for general meaningand specific detailUnderstanding meaning andgrammar of individual wordsInserting missingsentences into text4-part multiple choicecomprehension questionGap-fill; multiplechoice (4-choice)Past OnePart One is a test of reading for gist or global meaning. five texts or sections have to be matched to live sentencesthat summariese the general view being expressedin each. Follow these stepsRead the in struct ions twice and make sure you un dersta nd the con text of the passages) and what you are being asked to do..Do not read the summaries first.Bearing in mind what general information you are looking for, read the first text }uml then try to summarise, in your head, the general view it expresses.Now read the summaries and lind the one chat matches your own men tal summary. repeat this procedure for each of the other four texts.summarising1 Write a one-sentencesummary for this pare your answer with your partner.1 favour a direct approach to interviewing where the questions really put the candidate under pressure and test their reactions. If you look at manuals on interviewing technique, you'll find that most advise you first to make the candidate feel at ease, and then to ask open-ended questions that give them the freedom to tall; and express themselves as they would like. But I think we're being far too nice here. By allowing people to dictate the direction of the interview, we run the risk of not discovering who they really are and wasting everyone's time.2 Following the approach described above, do this Reading Test Part One. Give yourself about twelve minutes.PART ONEQuestions 1-8. Look at the sentences below and at the five extracts from an article on employee motivation..Match each statement 1-8 to one of the extracts (A, B, C, D or E)..you will need to use some of the letters more than once..There is an example at the beginning (0).Example:0 Job satisfaction is the key to an employee's motivation. D1 Companies usually try to motivate employees with extra payment or verbal praise. 2Financial rewards don't work so well when the manager assessesperformance himself 3In the end, motivation has to come from the person himself.4Loyalty and commitment are two different things. 5Employees are committed when they understand and believe in the company's aims. 6Most employees see rewards as an end 5 Single text (250words} finding missing words to Open gap-fill one give meaning and cohesion Word per gap)Single teat (150- understanding grammatical 200 words) structureIdentifying incorrect ofunnecessary wordsin themselves.7How well you work does not depend on how good your working conditions are. 8Good relations between managers and workers create the right working environmentAFundamental to the issue of motivation is the distinction between employee loyalty to the company and employee commitment. Employees feel loyal when they feel comfortable and well looked after job security, reasonable conditions of pay, generous holiday entitlement, medical insurance and a good pension. Without these conditions an employee will feel neither loyalty to the company nor any motivation to work. But it is also possible that even with good conditions, the employee may not feel motivated. This is because performance is not directly related to working conditions: an employee can feel secure. whether he works hard or notBMotivation has more to do with commitment to the job. The conditions that produce commitment are different from those that inspire loyalty. Committed employees will have a clear sense of the goals of the company and understand their part in contributing to achieving them. Moreover, they will believe that these goals are worth working for: they will derive job satisfaction from what they do. So companies who want a motivated staff ought to be spending their time thinking about their goals and communicating these with enthusiasm to their staff.CInstead, the motivation debate seems to focus on rewards, either financial or non-financial. For example money is commonly used as an incentive for sales people or others with measurable targets to reach. Sometimes it is also used to reward employees whose performance has been evaluated subjectively by a line manager. This is less satisfactory. Verbal commendation is also used to motivate, from a simple word of encouragement in the employee's ear to a public award ceremony.DBut do all these types of rewards motivate people? Well yes, they do. They motivate them to get rewards. What they don't necessarily do is motivate them to be a committed employee and do a good job. What really motivates people is the level of satisfaction they find in their work. As Herzberg famously put it: 'If you want people motivated to do a good job, give them a good job to do ‘ESo the real motivators are things which are intrinsic to the job: that the employee feels part of a unit that is working towards something worthwhile. And from this as long as communication between employee and management is open and respectful, will come recognition for good work, advancement in the company and personal growth. The best that companies can do is to create such an environment and then hope that within it people are able to motivate themselves。
剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)-第2章剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)⾼级真题及详解(第3辑)-TeTest 3READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8Look at the statements below and at the five extracts on the opposite page from the annual reports of five mobile phone companies.Which company (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer toFor each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. You will need to use some of these letters more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:0 This company has no direct competition.1 This company is still making a financial loss.2 This company is having part of its business handled by an outside agency.3 This company has grown without undue expense.4 This company is trying to find out what the market response will be to a newproduct.5 This company continues to lose customers.6 This company aims to target a specific group of consumers.7 This company is finding it less expensive than before to attract new customers.8 This company has rationalized its outlets.AOur management team is dedicated to delivering operational excellence and improved profitability. In the coming year, we will focus our marketing on professional young adults, who represent the high value segment of the market and who according to independent research are most likely to adopt our more advanced mobile data products. Customer retention is central to our strategy, and we have been successful in reversing the customer loss of recent years by loyalty and upgrade schemes. A restructuring programme, resulting from changing marketing conditions, has seen our workforce scaled down to 6,100 people. BAs the only network operator in the country, our marketing is aimed at expanding the size of the market. In the business sector, we have targeted small and medium-sized businesses by offering standardised services, and large customersby offering tailored telecommunications solutions. We have been at the forefront of introducing new telecommunications technology and services and have recently distributed 150 of our most advanced handsets to customers to assess the likely demand for advanced data services. Last year, the industry recognized our achievement when we won a national award for technological progress.CA new management team has driven our improved performance here. It is committed to bringing the business into profitability within three years after reaching break-even point in the next financial year. We are focused on delivering rising levels of customer service and an improvement in the quality and utilization of our network. Good progress has been made on all these fronts. The cost of acquiring new subscribers has been reduced and new tariffs have been introduced to encourage greater use of the phone in the late evening.DWe have continued to expand our network in a cost-efficient manner and have consolidated our retail section by combining our four wholly-owned retail businesses into a single operating unit. We expect this to enhance our operational effectiveness and the consistency of our service. Our ambition is to give customers the best retail experience possible. We were, therefore, delighted earlier this yearwhen we won a major European award for customer service. This was particularly pleasing to us as we have always given high priority to customer satisfaction and operational excellence.EHere, we are focused on continuously realizing cost efficiencies as well as improving the level of customer satisfaction and retention. We have already taken effective measures to reduce customer loss and to strengthen our delivery of customer service. The quality of our network has improved significantly over the past year and an increase in the utilization of our network is now a priority. The operation of our customer service centre has been outsourced to a call centre specialist and this has led to a substantial increase in the level of service.【答案与解析】1. C 这家公司依旧财政亏损。
剑桥商务英语高级作文答案1. In today's fast-paced business world, effective communication is key to success. Whether it's negotiating deals, presenting ideas, or simply interacting with colleagues, the ability to express oneself clearly and confidently is essential.2. One of the most important aspects of business communication is being able to tailor your message to your audience. Whether you're speaking to a client, a colleague, or a superior, it's crucial to consider their needs, preferences, and level of understanding in order to communicate effectively.3. In addition to verbal communication, nonverbal cues also play a significant role in business interactions. Body language, facial expressions, and gestures can all convey important messages and influence the way your words are perceived.4. Another key aspect of effective business communication is active listening. By truly listening to others, asking questions, and seeking clarification when needed, you can ensure that you understand the message being conveyed and respond appropriately.5. Technology has also transformed the way we communicate in business. Email, video conferencing, and instant messaging have made it easier than ever to connect with colleagues and clients around the world, but it's important to remember that these tools should complement, not replace, face-to-face interactions.6. Finally, in today's global business environment, cultural sensitivity is more important than ever. Being aware of and respectful towards different cultural norms, customs, and communication styles can help avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships with partners and clients from diverse backgrounds.。
12.2 Social EnglishConversation starters1 Match each statement with a short response.1 Hi, how are you? A Hi there, good to meet to.2 I’m so sorry to be late. B Thank you, so are you.3 Hello, you must be Mr Channing C Yes, they’re a big improvement.4 Phew, it’s freezing today. D Very well, thanks. And you?5 I’m afraid I’m a bit pressed for E Oh, not at all. I’ve been looking6 And this is Colin, my partner. F Busy a s ever, but it’s going well.7 Thank you for finding the time G OK, then we’ll get straight downto see me. to business.8 Hey, I like your new premises. H Don’t worry. It’s not a problem.9 You’re looking well. I Yes, that’s right. Good to meet you.10 So, hoe’s business? J It is, but at least it’s not raining.Small talk: short responses2 Work with a partner. How would you respond to these questions?Write your ideas in column1 ( Response1).Question Response 1 Response 21 How was your trip? ________ __________2 Did you find our offices easily? ________ __________3 Can I get you a coffee before we start? ________ __________4 How are you fixed for time? _________ __________5 Sorry, do you mind if I just take this call? ________ _________6 Are you expecting it to be a good year? ________ _________7 Can I be of any help with the marketingside of things? _________ _________8 Would you like to go for a meal thisevening? _________ _________9 Would you like a lift back to the station? _________ _________3 Listening and note down the responses you hear to each question in column2(Response2)4 Work with your partner. Act out the dialogue again. This time give the opposite response to each question.Social situations5 You represent a supplier of car heaters from your country. You are interested in supplying your heaters to Jaguar Cars in the UK. As a first meeting, they have arranged a tour of their manufacturing plant, Your host is the production manager.·work with your partner.·Act out the situation, following the steps.VISIOR PRODUCTION MANAGER Introduce yourself and apologize Greet your guest.for being late. Offer a coffee before you start.Ask a few questions about the plant Explain the programme for the day.and your host’s job. Check if it’s OKTHE TOURThank your host for the tour. Offer your guest some lunch at aThai restaurant.Explain that you don’t like spicy food. Suggest a pub instead.You are interrupted at lunch by a call Ask your guest some questions abouton your mobile.Apologize. His/her country.You have a train to catch.Thank you Offer your guest a lift to the station.host for the meal.Invite your host to visite your factory Arrange a time to call to discuss thenext month. next steps.Thank your host once again.12.3 Reading Test:Part Five and Part SixPart Five of the Reading Test consists of a business text approximately 250 words long. It is a gapped text, with ten single words missing. The choice of word to will each gap is completely up to you. The missing words tend to be small words such as this, but not,as,rather,ect.Part Six of the Reading Text is a passage(a business letter, short article or piece of publicity)of 150-200 words containing some unnecessary words, Each line of the text your ability to proofread business documents.Give yourself ten minutes to complete each task.For Part Five, follow these steps.·Read the instructions twice and make sure you understand the context of the passage and what you are being asked to do.·Read the passage through quickly(tow minutes)to get the general meaning.·Re-read to the first gap and look at the whole sentence. What words fits grammatically and in meaning.·If the right word doesn’t comet to you quickly and instinctively, move on to the next gap.·Re-read the passage and fill in any gaps you have missed.For Part Six, follow these steps.·Read the instructions twice and make sure you understand the context of the passage and what you are being asked to do.·Read each sentence, not just each line, before trying to identify an unnecessary word. ·Remember not all lines contain a mistake.·At the end read the text back, taking account of your corrections,and make sure it makes sense.Part Five-Choosing the right word1 Look at this sentence. Think of a word that fits the gap.Advances have been made not_____in cleaner fuels, but also in energy efficiency. The answer is only as in the phrase not only...but also.2 Choose a word for these sentences. Explain why you chose this word.1 We need to persuade people to use less energy______than building new power plants.2 There is_____greater awareness these days of environmental issues.3 _________far, the company has sold 20m of the new devices and is hopeful that soon every household will have one.3 Following the approach described on page 124 do Practice Test Part Five. PART FIVEQUESTION 1-10·Read this article about business gifts.·For each question 1-10, write one word to fill each gap.·There is an example at the beginning(0)Permitted business giftsA business courtesy should not be accepted if the donor expects something(0)·······return: he may be attempting to gain an unfair advantage or to influence the employee’s judgment.Employees(1)·········also avoid a pattern of accepting frequent gifts or business courtesies from the same persons or companies. Employees may not accept honoraria and may not accept expense reimbursements in excess of $50 from any not-for-profit organization supported by the Company(other(2) ·········through the Matching Gift Program).Examples of permitted gifts and business courtesies:·A ballpoint pen with a company logo would satisfy the test of being promotional(3)········nature and of nominal value. An inscribed gold wristwatch would be unlikely to be nominal in value and , therefor, would (4)········be acceptable. ·Lunch or dinner invitations to reasonably priced establishments(5)··········be permitted if furnished in connection with bona fide business meetings or conferences but, (6)··········the meal or entertainment is lavish or frequent, it is not acceptable.·Accepting a reasonably priced meal, golf outing or sporting event or entertainment ticket in the local area(7)·······an occasional basis may be reasonable. Regular invitations or accepting a trip out of the local area to attend a golf outing, sporting event or entertainment event is not.The Company(8)··········pays for work-related transportation, loading and expenses directly or on a pro-rata basis for combined work and personal trip consistent with the company’s existing travel and entertainment policy.Accepting(9)·········offer for an expenses paid trip for pleasure with a customer or supplier is(10)·····permitted.Part Six-Identifying redundant words4 Find the unnecessary word in each sentence.1 It is considered as a social mistake to discuss questions of money too openly.2 If we answered to every demand for a more personalized service, we would be lost.3 He was happy with the plan because it gave him no flexibility.4 Public sector workers, normally the lowest paid, they have had big salary rises.5 When the cost of supplier is too high because the manufacturer is forced to raise his prices.6 In recent years employers who have been taking more interest in recruitment.7 However, the company has completely revised its range of products in the 1990s.8 It is important to give employees an advice on how best to perform their role.5 Use these labels to describe the mistakes in exercise 4.A unnecessary relative pronoun E unnecessary articleB inappropriate negative F unnecessary auxiliary verbC repeated subject G double conjunctionD unnecessary adverb H extra preposition6 Following the approach on page 124 do Practice Test Part Six on page 126. PART SIXQUESTION 1-12·Read the text below about cross-culture communication in education.·In most of the lines there is one extra word.It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.Some lines, however,are correct.·If a line is correct, write correct next to it.·If there is an extra word,write the extra word next to it.·There are two example at the beginning(0and00).Communication in the classroom0 Everything that what happens in a school, and especially in the classroom.00 involves communication, the act of sharing information. Sometimes1 communication involves using oral or written symbols. On the other2 occasions, communication involves various types of non-verbal symbols,including3 body language.Most behaviour problems in schools, and their resolutions, they4 involve some type of a munication permeates education.5 Communication is culture bound. The way an individual communications with6 emanates from his or her culture. Of course, a person may know more than7 one culture or may be have competent in a combination of cultures.8 Nonetheless, one basic truth prevails: when communication is a product of culture.9 Students with different culture norms are at risk if teachers have a little10 knowledge, sensitivity or appreciation of the diversity in communication11 styles. Such teachers may not perceive differences as problems and respond to12 students’diversity with negative attitudes, low expectations and culturally inappropriate teaching and assessment procedures.。
剑桥商务英语第三版答案【篇一:新编剑桥商务英语(bec 第三版中级)module 1】txt>1.1 business topic ways of working 商务话题篇工作方式1) vocabulary: different ways of working (15 mins)regular hours正常工作时间flexible (working) hours/flex(i)time 弹性工作时间teleworking n.电子办公;在家中上班job-share v. / n.分担工作;工作分担制shift work 轮班工作,倒班制temping n 当临时工,任临时雇员specialist advice 专业咨询〔指将职工分成不同的班次,以便他们能共用一间办公室,一张办公桌和一台电脑〕office gossip 办公室小道消息,办公室飞短流长office news办公室新闻credit n.赞扬,功绩managing director 总裁,总经理〔美英chiefexecutive/president〕 brainpower n. 智能worst-case adj. 做最坏打算的,为最坏情况的,为最不利条件的scenario n. 事态,局面full-time adj. 全日制的delegate v. 授权,分派工作availability n. 利用〔或获得的〕可能性,可以利用的人〔物〕,人员、物资保证parental leave育儿假,照顾新生儿女假daily log 日志voice mail 语音信箱,语音邮件self-organization n. 自我组织能力1. how do you work most effectively? by working…regular hours/flexible hours? in a team/on your own?from home/ in an office? for a boss/as your own boss?参考词语和表达:routine type of person 按部就班的人have flexible management of time and work 灵活安排自己的时间和工作get support from each other相互支持co-operate with each other 相互合作share ideas 交流想法learn from other people’s strong points 学他人所长working in a team needs to have good interpersonal skills and is not necessarily efficiently.在团队工作需要有很好的人际交往技能,不一定效率就高can be more concentrated and thus more efficient in an office在办公室更容易集中精力因此也更有效率 have more flexibility 享有更多的灵活度feel more relaxed 感觉更轻松a dependent type of person and never make decisions myself 性格依赖,不喜欢自己拿主意an independent type of person and would like to make decisions myself性格独立,喜欢自己做决定don’t want to work under someone不想在别人手下工作5. reading: how to job-shareget organizedset your limits put pen to papertwo become one 安排有序规定限度签订协议合二为一open your mind plan for disaster find the perfect partner don’t feel guilty 敞开心胸/开拓视野有备无患理想搭档勿感内疚1. share credit and blame 分担成绩与过失,意译“功过与共”2. flexecutive 经营内容蕴含其中的公司名flexible与executive两词复合而成“弹性经营管理”。
剑桥商务英语高级-60(总分:99.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数:1,分数:8.00)AGlobalisation is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction between people and companies in disparate locations. As a term, "globalisation" has been used as early as 1944 but economists began applying it around 1982. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with its coining through the article he wrote in 1983 for the Harvard Business Review entitled "Globalisation of Markets". The more encompassing phenomenon has been perceived in the context of sociological study on a worldwide scale.BInflation risk is whether a rate of return or an investment keeps up with the rate of inflation. For example, if there is 4 percent inflation over the year, you must have 4 percent more money at the end of the year than at the beginning of the year to buy the same amount of goods and services. That means your stock need to go up in value more than 4 percent to earn a return on your investment. Stocks have generally done very well in this category.CA Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy which has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the conclusion that there is such an accumulation of CHGs (especially CO 2 ) in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic causes, that the climate is changing. The over-concentrations of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. Globally implemented LCE"s therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change, and as a precursor to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy.DA web search engine, which is commonly named as "a search engine", is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are usually presented in a list of results and are commonly called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.ECultural tourism (also called culture tourism or cultural heritage tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region"s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those peoples, their art, architecture, religion, and other elements that help shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural communities (i. e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle.(分数:8.00)(1).This term is sometimes used to describe the pursuit of free market policies in the world economy.(分数:1.00)解析:A(2).This term reflects a stock"s sensibility to unexpected changes in the inflation rate.(分数:1.00)解析:B(3).This term is also referred to as Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy which is proposed to cope with climate change.(分数:1.00)解析:C(4).This term was first used in economic field 38 years later than it had been first presented.(分数:1.00)解析:A(5).This term refers to a tool used for searching on the Internet.(分数:1.00)解析:D(6).This term has been presented to describe a popular form of entertainment for the global public.(分数:1.00)解析:E(7).This term has been presented with the purpose of protecting the global environment.(分数:1.00)解析:C(8).This term has been used in a limited sphere, and people who don"t use or have never used the Internet don"t benefit from it.(分数:1.00)解析:D [解析] 与该段内容相匹配的选项句有两个,即第1句和第4句。
最新剑桥商务英语(BEC)高级考试阅读真题及答案PART ONEQuestions 1 - 8· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.· Which passage does each sentence refer to?· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example:He has developed his own company to promote his work.0 A B C D E1 Others in his field think very highly of him.2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.A John AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.B Edward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his books have become essential rending in many different disciplines.Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in 37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.C Peter DruckerProbably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trends in business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.D Frederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books, Herzberg s name is instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.E Tom PetersThe American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular success of one book, In Search of Excellence, co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first (and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker and writer has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own business to market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14· Read this text from an article about health clubs.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.· For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once.· There is an example at the beginning (0).Travel stress brings boom to health clubsA rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrativespin-off for British health clubs as companies try to preventhard-working executives from suffering travel-related stress.Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months allaround the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneys group of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost many of their extra benefits as companies cut back. .9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someone to a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because they will simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10Champneys, the company acknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course, which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general manager of Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, most business travellers find that they are having to do the work which - even a year ago - was done by two.12To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking of introducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketing director of another health club, has noticed a marked change in the clientele at her club. . 13Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales of business-class airline tickets have risen by 12% in the past year, hotel bookings have gone up by 36% and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same number of people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it is nowonder they need to take a break in a health club.A It has been calculated that about 40 million working days are lost each year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10 industrial disputes.B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of business bookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the health of its executives is vital.D But who will benefit most from these developments?E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have now decided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and health treatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress, especially when travelling.G So what s the reason for this now trend?。
剑桥商务英语高级-82(总分:96.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数:1,分数:8.00)A CAREER IN RETAILINGKeeping the customer satisfied is central to the retail business.But how much job satisfaction can workers in the retail trade expect?Five people who work in retailing talk about their careers.ASteve Cain is deputy director of trading for a large supermarket.He says,“When I moved into the retail sector I found it offered more tangible achievements and rewards than my previous business consultancy work.The power base has changed in the industry,and it's the retailers who are now driving things forward.Before,buyers waited for the product to come in and negotiated the price with the manufacturers,but now in food retailing,it's the retailers themselves who are developing their own brands and fixing prices,which makes it an exciting field to work in.BVirginia Clement is support and development manager for a large clothing department store." This means I am responsible for all the buying and merchandising.This demands teamwork。
English for Business Studies Key to Unit 01: The three sectors of the economy This unit covers a lot of basic vocabulary concerning developed economies much of it in an extract from a well-known British novel. It also discusses the evolution of the economy of most of the older industrialized countries, with the decline of manufacturing industry and its replacement by services. There is an extract from a magazine interview with an economist and an interview with a British Member of Parliament on this issue.
1a Vocabulary p09 Identify the most prominent features in this photograph, which illustrates various important elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country. The photo clearly shows a large factory (the Unilever factory in Warrington, England) in the center, with more factories, industrial units, or warehouses in the top right-hand corner. The large factory seems to include some office buildings. Also visible are agricultural land (in the background; the land in the foreground doesn’t appear to be cultivated), a river, a railway and several roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the center of the housing estate top left.
1b Reading p10 What is the key point that this extract is making about economies? The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the economic infrastructure.
1c Comprehension p11 1.In lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they? Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the secondary sector), and railways, motorways, shops, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector).
2.The long sentence from lines 12-28 lists a large number of operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage Primary sector: digging iron ore, mining coal. Secondary sector: assembling, building, cutting metal, laying cables, milling metal, smelting iron, welding metal. Tertiary sector: advertising products, calculating prices, distributing added value, maintenance, marketing products, packaging products, pumping oil, transportation.
3.Can you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)? Primary sector: farming (agriculture), fishing and forestry Secondary sector: manufacturing, transforming and processing Tertiary sector: financing, designing, retailing
2a Reading p12 1.Why do people worry about the decline of manufacturing? Because they think it will lead to unemployment. 2.Which activities are as important as the production of goods? Designing goods, persuading people to buy them; arts and entertainment.
3.Should people worry about this state of affairs? No, because it is a natural, progressive and inevitable development.
2b Listening p13 Listen to a short interview with Denis MacShane, a British Member of Parliament for the Labor Party.
Does he hold the same view as J. K. Galbraith? Denis MacShane quite clearly disagrees with Galbraith.
1.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future? Because there are many new products that have to be invented to serve new needs.
2.Why does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries? Because these countries have production technology that requires very little labor input.
3.Why, however, is this manufacturing unlikely to solve the problem of unemployment? Precisely because it requires very little labor input.
4.What does MacShane mean by ‘in theory there should be no more manufacturing’ in Switzerland? (It is this theory that makes many people argue that manufacturing must move to ‘less-developed’ countries.) The conventional theory is that the most important cost in manufacturing is labor, and wages and salaries in Switzerland are the highest in the world. (As is the cost of living!)
5.Why does he say it is surprising for a British company to be buying Swiss goods? Because the pound sterling has, over the years, lost a great deal of value against foreign currencies, especially the Swiss franc.
6.What is the reason he gives for the United States still being the richest nation in the world? It has a successful manufacturing economy, including its computer and car (automobile) industries.
7.Match up the following expressions and definitions: 1.to convert itself. B/ to change from one thing to another 2.to serve needs D/ to satisfy people’s desires or requirements 3.Labor input A/ manual work 4.to stumble on E/ to discover something by accident 5.to be dubious C/ to be uncertain, disbelieving