基于单片机的播种机排种盘振动控制系统

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江苏大学2010届本科毕业设计(论文)

I 摘 要

在矿山、冶金、煤炭、电力、机械、粮食等行业,电磁振动给料机的应用十分广泛。它利用振动使物料产生周期性的抛掷运动将物料向前输送,可以把块状、颗粒状及粉状物料从储料仓或漏斗中均匀连续或定量地送到受料装置中。采用单片机对其振幅、频率控制不仅具有控制方便、简单灵活等优点,而且可以大幅度提高被控振幅、频率的技术指标,从而能够极大地提高传送物料的精度。采用单片机控制电磁振动给料机给料均匀,调节给料机的振幅以及频率,在额定振幅、频率范围内,通过输入自动控制信号可以直接调节振幅、频率,可以调节给料机的给料量。具有结构简单,易于调节,工作稳定和远距离微机控制等特点,可实现生产流程的集中控制和自动控制。

本论文主要研究气吸振动式精密播种机的基于单片机的振动控制系统。在振动机构的激振作用下,种子盘上的种子产生“沸腾”运动,便于吸种盘吸种,以达到每穴一粒的精密播种质量。本文主要介绍了该控制系统的结构设计及工作原理,详细设计了采用单片机控制系统的硬件和软件,并对装置的工作效果进行了试验检测。

在设计过程中主要使用Inte公司生产的AT89C51单片机作为主控单元,以加速度传感器和位移传感器来采集电磁振动器的频率和振幅。利用ADC0809作为A/D转换器,DAC0832做为D/A转换器。在单片机上扩展8155显示接口电路来显示说采集的振动参数,通过简单的键盘输入来实时根据实际所需要的电磁激振器的振幅、频率来控制电磁台。

在电压以及其频率的控制上,使用电子晶体管来实现,将电磁振动器的结构稍加改装,在激振器的两端加上电子晶体管。改变可控硅导通角大小可以达到控制电磁激振器的振幅,改变可控硅的导通周期就可调节激振频率。

在软件设计方面,本设计可以分为模拟信号采集模块、信息处理模块、控制输出模块。主要用C语言编程实现。本论文将利用proteus对程序进行仿真,验证程序的正确性并对程序进行改进和优化。

关键词:电磁振动台 单片机控制系统 电子晶体管 精密播种机

江苏大学2010届本科毕业设计(论文)

II Abstract

In mining, metallurgy, coal, electricity, machinery, food and other industries,

electromagnetic vibrating feeder is widely used. It uses vibration to produce periodic material

thrown forward movement of material transport, can be massive, granular andpowder material

from the storage silo or hopper in a continuous or quantitative even sent by the feed device.

using single chip not only has control of its amplitude control convenience, the advantages of

simple and flexible, and can greatly increase the amplitude of the technical indicators were

charged,which can greatly improve the precision of delivery of materials. electromagnetic

vibrating feeder to the control of single uniform material, adjust the feeder's amplitude, the

amplitude of the rated range, through the input control signal can adjust the amplitude, can adjust

the feederof a feeding amount.Simple structure, easy to adjust, work stability and control

characteristics of the remote computer can be centralized control of production processes and

automation.

In this thesis, suction vibration Precision Seeder vibration control system based on single

chip.Vibration excitation in the body under the action of the seed produced on the seed tray

"boiling" movement, easy to absorb kinds of disk types of smoking in order to achieve a

precision seed per hole quality.This paper describes the design of the control system structure

and working principle of the detailed design of the control system with microcontroller hardware

and software, and installation work carried out test results.

Mainly used in the design process AT89C51 microcontroller Inte composition produced by

the master, the acceleration sensors and displacement sensors to capture the frequency and

amplitude of electromagnetic ing ADC0809 as A / D converter, DAC0832 as the D /

A converter.Based on MCU 8155 keyboard and display interface circuit to show that vibration

parameters collected in real time based on the actual needs of voltage and frequency control

electromagnetic vibrator.

In voltage and frequency control, use SCR to achieve, by changing the conduction angle Ke

Konggui size can be controlled by solenoid voltage aim to change the SCR conduction period

can adjust the excitation frequency.

In software design, the design can be divided into an analog signal acquisition module, 江苏大学2010届本科毕业设计(论文)

III processing module, control output modules.Proteus simulation using the program to verify the

correctness of program and process improvement and optimization.

Keywords:Electromagnetic vibrator table microcomputer control system SCR

precision seeder

江苏大学2010届本科毕业设计(论文)

IV

目录

第1章 绪 论 ............................................... 1

1.1 排种器的研究现状 .............................................. 1

1.2 课题的研究目的和意义 .......................................... 2

1.3 论文的主要研究内容及论文总体结构 .............................. 2

第2章 电磁振动台自动控制系统总体方案设计 .................. 4

2.1 电磁振动台自动控制系统的总体方案 .............................. 4

2.1.1 排种器电磁振动台工作原理 ................................. 4

2.1.2 电磁振动台控制系统硬件设计 ............................... 4

2.1.3 系统软件设计 ............................................. 5

2.2 系统方案论证 .................................................. 6

2.3 系统预期效果 .................................................. 6

2.4 小结 .......................................................... 7

第3章 系统硬件设计 ........................................ 8

3.1 信号采集模块 .................................................. 8

3.1.1 压电式加速度传感器 ....................................... 8

3.1.2 电涡流式位移传感器 ...................................... 10

3.2 信号处理模块 ................................................. 12

3.2.1 ADC0809引脚参数以及工作原理 ............................ 12

3.2.2 ADC0809与单片机的接口电路 .............................. 14