九年级历史导学案年级九班级学科历史课题12美国的诞生课型新授课编制人审核人使用时间第周使用人【学习目标】1、了解美国独立战争是民族解放运动，同时也是资产阶级革命运动。
2、识记独立战争的进程，提高学生全面客观评价历史问题的能力。
3、分析美国独立战争取得胜利的原因，培养学生综合分析历史问题的能力。
【重点难点】重点：美国独立战争的起因；美国诞生的过程。
难点：美国独立战争的性质。
教学流程导入：第一个环节：自主学习、整体感知——（我预习，我自信）：请同学们认认真真阅读课文，初步了解学习内容、学习目标和学习重难点，知道我们今天要学哪些知识点。
（有效时间10分钟）一、美国独立战争的原因背景：1、英属北美殖民地的发展（1）美洲的主人。
（2）17世纪初，开始在北美沿岸开辟殖民地，一百多年后，殖民地达到个。
（3）英属北美殖民地居民（除英国移民和土著居民印第安人，还有来自的其他国家的人，以及来的黑人奴隶）共同推动当地经济的发展。
（4 ）英属北美殖民地经济的发展。
（5）美利坚民族形成。
2、英国竭力北美经济的发展（1）英国希望北美殖民地永远作为他的和，竭力压制北美经济的发展，殖民地人民的情绪日益高涨。
（2）英国殖民者对北美人民的反抗采取政策，双方矛盾越来越尖锐师生归纳：独立战争的原因：英国的阻碍了北美资本主义的发展。
美国独立战争的过程爆发：年4月，枪声。
建军：1775年，建立大陆军，任命为总司令建国：年月日，大陆会议发表《》。
宣告英属北美13个殖民地脱离英国独立，标志着的诞生。
转折：1777年，战役。
结束：年，英国承认美国独立。
三、1787年宪法和联邦政府的成立1、年，美国制定了宪法，宪法确定美国是一个制的国家，规定总统既是，又是，享有行政权；国会和最高法院分别掌握国家的和大权。
2、 _选为美国第一任总统。
四、美国独立战争的意义1、美国独立战争结束了的殖民统治，实现了国家的独立。
2、确定了比较的资产阶级政治体制，有利于美国的发展。
美国历史大事年表1863.1.1 林肯签署《解放宣言》。
1879.12.21 托马斯·爱迪生发明电灯。
1903.12.17 莱特兄弟首次成功地驾驶由发动机推进的飞机。
1941.12.7 日本偷袭珍珠港。
次日，美国对日宣战，正式参加第二次世界大战。
1944.6.6 美国军队及盟军在诺曼底登陆。
1945.7.16 成功地进行了世界上第一次核爆炸。
1949.8.24 美国、加拿大和14个西欧国家在华盛顿签署一项公约，建立北大西洋公约组织。
1952.11.1 美国在太平洋实验场爆炸一颗氢弹。
1954.12.1 美国一黑人妇女在蒙哥马利城的公共汽车上拒绝把自己的座位让给一个白人男子。
联邦法院非法宣布公共汽车种族隔离命令。
1959.1.3 阿拉斯加成为美国第49州。
同年8月21日，夏威夷成为第50州。
1961.4.17 美国策动猪仔湾事件，企图推翻古巴政府。
1963.11.22 肯尼迪总统在得克萨斯州达拉斯市遇刺身亡。
1968.4.4 美国黑人民权领袖马丁·路德·金在田纳西州孟菲斯遭暗杀身亡。
1969.7.20 “阿波罗”11号飞船登月成功，人类首次踏上月球。
1972.2.21 美国总统尼克松抵达北京，对中国进行为期8天的访问，与中国领导人举行会谈。
访问结束时，中美签署上海公报。
1974.8.9 尼克松因“水门事件”，辞去总统职务，由副总统吉拉尔德·福特继任总统。
1975.12.15 福特总统访问中国，并与毛泽东主席及邓小平副总理会谈。
1979.1.1 美国与中华人民共和国建立全面外交关系。
1982.12.2 在盐湖城，美国医生成功地为一患者进行人工心脏移植手术。
1984.4.26 美国总统里根访问中国，与中国领导人举行会谈。
1989.12.20 美国军队入侵巴拿马。
1991.1-2 在中东海湾战争中，美国及其盟国打败伊拉克，解放科威特。
1863.1.1 林肯签署《解放宣言》。
1.From 1622 unit his death, _____, one of the greatest of colonial American, was reelected thirty times as governor.A.Anne BradstreetB. William BradfordC.Edward TaylorD. Thomas Paine2.____carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution.mon SenseB. The American CrisisC.Declaration of IndependenceD. Defence of the English People3.____usually was regarded as the first American writer.A.William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetB.Emily Dickinson D.Captain John Smith4.Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “____”who appeared in America.A.Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse5.The ship “——” carried about one hundred pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.MayflowerD.Pequod6.From 1733 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous____,an annal collection of proverbs. BA.The AutobiographyB.Poor Richard’s Almanacmon SenseD.The General Magazine7.Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?mon SenseB.The American CrisisC.The Rights of ManD.The Autobiography8.”These are the times that try men’s souls”,these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence.Who is the author of these words?A.Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas PaineC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington9.Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?A.Anne BradstreetB.Edward TaylorC.Michael WigglesworthD.Philip Freneau10.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ____.A.T homas HoodB.Benjamin FranklinC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington11.It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete separation from England. The voice was that of ___, whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.A.Thomas PaineB.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington D.Patrick Henry12.In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment.____was the dominant spirit. BA.HumanismB.RationalismC.RevolutionD.Evolution13.At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ____. CA.Chartist MovementB.Romanticist MovementC.Enlightenment MovementD.Modernist Movement14.In American literature, the enlighteners were favorable to _____. DA.the colonial orderB.religious obscurantismC.the Puritan traditionD.the secular literature15.The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____in 1776. AA.the Declaration of IndependenceB.the Sugar ActC.the Stamp ActD.the Mayflower CompactChapters 31.____is respectfully remembered as a master of adventurous narrative and as the creator of an American hero-myth. CA.Washington IrvingB. John Greenleaf WhittierC. James Fenimore CooperD.Oliver Wendell Holmes2.A new ____had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then to American early in the nineteenth century. CA.realismB.critical realismC.romanticismD.naturalism3.The importance of the frontier and the wilderness in American literature is for the first time well illustrated in the following works:___. CA.Benjamin Franklin’s The AutobiographyB.Washington Irving’s The Sketch BookC.James Fenimore Cooper’s The Leather stocking TalesD.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature4.Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following. DA.The Sketch BookB.Bracebridge HallC. A History of New YorkD.Tales of a Travelers5.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as_____. AA.the Romantic PeriodB.the Modern PeriodC. the Naturalist PeriodD. the Realistic Period6.There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually ____on the Puritan soil. AA.RomanticismB.PuritanismC.MysticismD.Unitarianism7.In 1826 as an American diplomatic attache, Washington Irving was sent to Spain where he gathered material for his following works EXCEPT____. CA.The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus,1828B.The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829C.The Life of Goldsmith, 1829D.The Alhambra, 18329. There is the famous___, in which there is the memorable event of an apparently headless horseman throwing his head at his rival in love, and the memorable character of Ichabod Crane with his mixture of shrewdness, credulity, self-as-sertiveness, and cowardice. BA.Rip Van WinkleB.The Legend of Sleep HollowC.The PioneersD.The American ScholarChapters 4-71.In 1836, a little book entitled____written by Ralph Waldo Emerson came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. AA.NatureB. The TranscendentalistC.PowerD.Wealth2.As a philosophical and literary movement, ____flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. DA.modernismB. rationalismC.sentimentalismD. transcendentalism3.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___Henry David Thoreau. BA.Thomas JeffersonB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Philip FreneauD.Edgar Allan Poe4.Transcendentalist recognized ____as the “highest power of the soul”.AA.intuitionB.logicC.data of the sensesD.thinking5.Edgar Allan Poe’s ____was an ingenious detective story and became the ancestor of the genre, influencing, among others, Conan Doyle. CA.The Fall of the House of UsherB.The Gold BugC.The Murders in the Rue MorgueD.The Purloined Letter6.From the following, which one is NOT the characteristic of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry? DA.Being highly individualB.Harsh rhythmsck of form and polishck of optimism7.The publication of ___established Ralph Waldo Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. AA.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.The American ScholarD.The Divinity School Address8.From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experienc e, came his famous essay, ___,which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.WaldenB.NatureC.Civil Disobediencemon Sense9. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ____in American literature. AA.the largest brain with the largest heartB.father of American poetryC.the transcendentalistD.the American scholar10.”The universe is composed of Nature and the soul...Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England___. BA. RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism11.Which of the following works is generally regarded as “the Bible of New England Transcendentalism”? DA. On BeautyB. WaldenC.The Conduct of LifeD.Nature12. ___is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out evil though it may take many generations to happen. BA.The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC.The Blithedale RomanceD.Young Goodman Brown13. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT____. BA.mystery of the universeB.sin of the whaleC.power of the Great NatureD.Evil of the world14. In Moby Dick, the voyage symbolizes____. BA.natureB.a search for truthC.the unknown worldD.the microcosm of human societyChapters8-101.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___. CA.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists2.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his____. CA.international themeB.waste-land imageryC.local colorD.symbolism3.In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of ____. BA.the force of conventionB.the free spirit of the New WorldC.the decline of aristocracyD.the corruption of the newly rich4.Which of the following is not written by Henry James? DA.The Portrait of A Lady and The EuropeansB.The Wings of the Dove and The AmbssadorsC.What Maisie Knows and The BostoniansD.The Genius and The Gilded Age5.Henry James experimented with different themes in his literary career, the most influential one being____. CA.nothingnessB.disillusionmentC.international themeD.relationship between men and women6.Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and ____. AA.The StoicB.The GiantB.The Tycoon D.The Genius7.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by___. AA.highly refined languageB.ordinary American speechC.short, clear sentencesD.abundance of local images8.The book from which “all modern American literature comes” refers to ___. DA.The Great GatsbyB.The Sun Also RisesC.Moby DickD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism:_____. BA.American modernismB.American naturalismB.American vernacularism D.American local colorism10.While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___. CA.The Call of the WildeB.The Sea WolfB.Martin Eden D.The Iron Heel11.Stephen Crane’s best short stories include Open Boat, An Experiment and ___,all reinforcing the basic Crane motif environment and heredity overwhelming man. CA.The Black RidersB.A Man Said to the UniverseC.The Blue HotelD.The Red Badge of Courage12.The main theme of ____The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel. AA.Henry James’B.Willian Dean Howells’C.Mark Twain’sD.Jack London’s13.Which statements about O.Henry is NOT right? DA.His stories are a penetrating criticism of America of the time.B.The ends of his stories are always surprising. AC.The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting.D.Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.14.The publication of the novel____stirred a great nation to its depths andhurried on a great war. DA.My Bondage and My FreedomB.Stanzas on FreedomB.Voices of Freedom D.Uncle T om’s Cabin15.War in the novel____by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger. DA.War Is KindB.The Man That Corrupted HandleyburgC.The Black RidersD.The Red Badge of CourageChapters11-161.In which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy? DA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.The Snows of KilimanjaroB.To Have and Have Not D.Death in the Afternoon2.___is Hemingway’s first true novel in which he depicts a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation”. AA.The Sun Also RisesB.A Farewell to ArmsB.In Our Time D.For Whom the Bell Tolls3.F.Scott Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of ___. AA.the Jazz AgeB.the Romantic PeriodB.the Renaissance Period D.the Neoclassical Period4.Which one of th e following figures does NOT belong to “The Lost Generation”? CA.Ezra PoundB.William Carlos WilliamsB.Robert Frost D.Theodore Dreiser5.The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature EXCEPT_____. AA.F.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerB.John Steinbeck D.Ernest Hemingway6.____showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po(Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas. CA.T.S.EliotB.E.E.CummingsC.Ezra PoundD.Robert Frost7.Choose the novel of the following Not written by F.Scott Fitzgerald. CA.The Great GatsbyB.Tender Is the NightC.This Side of ParadiseD.The Beautiful and the Damned8.Thomas Stearns Eliot’s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by ____, a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt. CA.The Waste LandB.The Hollow MenC.Ash-WednesdayD.Four Quartets。
美国各历史分期发展概览美国各历史分期发展概览美国历史十讲一、英属北美殖民地时期 (2)二、美国独立战争 (5)三、美国政治制度的构建 (16)四、南北战争 (30)五、美国西进运动 (36)六、美国第二次科技革命 (48)七、第一次世界大战与美国 (54)八、罗斯福新政 (65)九、第二次世界大战与美国 (76)十、美苏冷战 (82)（历史文化学院2010级历史3班关于美国近现代史中若干问题的再探讨研究小组）一、英属北美殖民地时期1·简介英属北美殖民地是16、17世纪英国在北美洲大西洋沿岸所设立的从属于英国，但相对独立自治的殖民地的总称，由英王特许，赋予政治自治权利，但不能占据议会席位。
1607-1732年间有16个，由于兼并就只剩13个，它们也就是美国建国之初的13个州。
它们的建立方式有三：1、公司殖民地。
由公司取得国王特许而建立。
代表为弗吉尼亚、马萨诸塞。
2、领主殖民地。
由国王赐封给贵族的殖民地，这一种占绝大多数。
3、自治殖民地。
由当地人民自己创建，互相签署盟约，再与英国签订宪章如康涅狄格和罗得岛。
2·十三个殖民地的简要介绍新罕布什尔：1623年移民在此建立渔村，1629年被命名为新罕布什尔，是联邦第九个州。
马萨诸塞：1620年建立殖民地，是联邦第六个州。
罗得岛基普罗维登斯种植地：1636年建立殖民地，是联邦第十三州。
康涅狄格：1639年建立殖民地，是联邦第五个州。
纽约：1664年建立殖民地，是联邦第十一个州。
新泽西：由东、西泽西合并而来。
1664年建立殖民地，是联邦第三个州宾夕法尼亚：1681年建立殖民地，是联邦第二个州。
特拉华：1701年建立殖民地，是联邦第一个州。
马里兰：1632年建立殖民地，是联邦第七个州。
弗吉尼亚：1607年建立殖民地，也是北美第一个殖民地。
是联邦第十个州。
北卡罗来纳：1662年建立殖民地，是联邦第十二个州。
南卡罗来纳：1662年建立殖民地，成为联邦第八个州。
