2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (新课标Ⅰ卷) 英 语 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration Tour This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms —disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experienceWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals D. Safety lights B Good Morning Britain ’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food , she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transform s the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？plex.B. Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A.About 6 800B.About 3 400C.About 2.400D.About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

灿烂在六月2018年上海高考英语答案1、John is fond of playing _____ basketball and Jack is keen on playing _____ piano. [单选题] * A．/…the(正确答案)B．the…/C．/…/D．the…the2、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will3、I do not have my own room,_____. [单选题] *A. neither does Tom(正确答案)B. neither has TomC. so does TomD. so has Tom4、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom5、( ). I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A. interesting interestedB. interested interesting(正确答案)C. interested interestedD. interesting interesting6、The rain is very heavy _______ we have to stay at home. [单选题] *A. butB. becauseC. so(正确答案)D. and7、Don’t swim in the river. It’s too _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. easyC. difficultD. dangerous(正确答案)8、51．People usually ________ the prices before they buy something. [单选题] * A．receiveB．payC．spendD．compare(正确答案)9、The idea of working abroad really（）me. [单选题] *appeals to (正确答案)B. attaches toC. adapts toD. gets across10、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)11、( ) ____ eye exercises ___ good __ your eyes. [单选题] *A. Doing, is, for(正确答案)B. Doing, are, forC. Do, is, forD. Do, are, at12、We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have _____ one this month. [单选题] *A.otherB.the otherC.moreD.another(正确答案)13、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)14、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple15、I have a _____ every day to keep fit. [单选题] *A. three thousand meter walkB. three-thousands-meters walkC.three-thousand-meters walkD. three-thousand-meter walk(正确答案)16、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much17、I don’t think he will take the case seriously,_____? [单选题] *B.won’t heC.does heD.will he(正确答案)18、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy19、Jane and Tom _______ my friends. [单选题] *A. amB. isC. are(正确答案)D. was20、He usually ________ at 6:30 a.m. [单选题] *A. gets toB. gets up(正确答案)D. gets in21、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new22、As for the quality of this model of color TV sets, the ones made in Chine are by no means _____ those imported. [单选题] *A inferior thanB less inferior toC less inferior thanD. inferior to(正确答案)23、—______ do you pay for it? —Over the Internet. （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. How muchC. How(正确答案)D. When24、With all the work on hand, he _____ to the cinema last night. [单选题] *A.should goB.must have goneC.might goD..shouldn’t have gone(正确答案)25、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)26、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的27、97．Go ______ the square and you will find the theatre. [单选题] *A．aboveB．atC．across(正确答案)D．on28、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully29、Many children have to _______ their parents. [单选题] *A. divide intoB. put onC. depend on(正确答案)D. take on30、Tom will _______ me a gift from Japan. [单选题] *A. takeB. getC. carryD. bring(正确答案)。

2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷II. Grammar and vocabulary25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted29. if30. what 31. adapting 32. did【解析】25.本句考査非限制性定语从句，从句中结构完整，且先行词为New York，所以引导词用where.26.本句考査非谓语动词的用法，由空后的I started work in a local café as a waiter可知，作者是为了赚钱。

27.本句考査条件状语从句，由空前的I believe that及空后的at once.可知，前后为因果关系，此句为肯定的语气，所以填as soon as / as long as。

28．此句考査动词变为形容词。

空后为名词，所以用形容词修饰名词。

29.本句考査条件状语从句。

句意：如果我想要有好的就业前景，我必须在城市中工作。

30.此句考査主语从句。

主语从句中缺少宾语，故填what.31.此句考査固定搭配。

have difficult (in )doing sth.做某事有困难，为固定搭配。

32.此句考査倒装句。

含有否定意义的副词、连词或者否定含义的短语放在句首时，用倒装。

(B)【答案】33. an 34. is equipped 35. which 36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to【解析】33.此句考査冠词的用法。

单数可数名词前用a/an修饰，an用在元音（发音开头的词）之前。

34.此句考査被动语态及过去分词的形式。

主语为物，故用过去式。

35.此句考査非限制性定语从句。

从句中缺主语，引导词用which.36.此句考査固定搭配。

by oneself为某人自己所做。

2018年（全国卷II）英语真题知识点1.finalised: 定下来，定稿(1)单词拓展：final（adi.）: 最后的，最终的；finally(adv.): 最后，终于= in the end, at last (2)动词后缀：①“ize”, “ise”: 做成，变成，使...化。

例：modernize, mechanize, organize②“en”: 使变成，引起。

例：quicken, weaken, soften, harden.2.canoeing [kəˈnu:ɪŋ] : 皮划艇运动;划独木舟，玩独木舟3.Dartmoor [ˈdɑ:tmuə]:（英国Devon 郡的）达特姆尔高原4.Belgium ['beldʒəm]: 比利时比利时王国简称比利时，位于欧洲西部沿海，东与德国接壤，北与荷兰比邻，南与法国交界，东南与卢森堡毗连，西临北海与英国隔海相望。

海岸线长66.5公里。

全国面积2/3为丘陵和平坦低地，全境分为西北部沿海佛兰德伦平原、中部丘陵、东南部阿登高原三部分，最高点海拔694米，主要河流有马斯河和埃斯考河，属海洋温带阔叶林气候，四季明显。

比利时无论是地理上还是文化上，比利时都处于欧洲的十字路口。

被誉为"西欧的十字路口"。

国土面积虽不大，但各具特色的旅游景点遍布全国。

首都布鲁塞尔不仅有闻名于世的滑铁卢古战场，也是众多国际机构的驻地。

比利时属海洋温带阔叶林气候，四季明显。

旅游时间以春秋两季为佳。

比利时是一个高度发达的资本主义国家，经济高度对外依赖，外贸为其经济命脉，为世界十大商品进出口国之一，全国GDP的大约三分之二来自出口。

为世界高度工业发达国家之一，是19世纪初欧洲大陆最早进行工业革命的国家之一。

比利时拥有完善的港口、运河、铁路以及公路等基础设施，为与邻国更紧密的经济整和创造条件，也是欧盟和北约创始会员国之一，还是联合国、世界贸易组织等国际组织的成员国。

2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力 (共两节，满分 30 分 )做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A 、 B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例： How much is the shirt?A.￡19. 15.B.￡9. 18.C.￡9. 15.答案是C。

1.what will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She's generour.B.She's curious.C.She's helpful.3.When does the traif leave?A.At 6:30.B.At8:30.C.At 10:30.4.How does the wonar sRwr?mA.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节（共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。

【高考模拟】2018上海高考压轴卷英语Word版含解析绝密?启封前KS5U2018上海市高考压轴卷英语考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷(第1,12页)和第II卷(第13页)，全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. 2 liters. B. 13 liters. C. 26 liters. D. 52 liters.2. A. In an English class. B. In a swimming pool.C. On a bus.D. In a sporting goods store.3. A. By bus. B. By underground. C. By taxi. D. By car.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Employer and Employee. D. Salesman and customer.5. A. Have a lesson. B. Take a test.C. See a film.D. Go to bed.6. A. Difficult. B. Memorable.C. Uninteresting.D. Worthwhile.7. A. She wants a bottle of juice. B. She’d like some alcohol.C. The red wine in this bar is perfect.D. The location of the bar is unknow n. 8. A. An excellent résumé. B. An entry form.C. A job offer.D. The position of system engineer.9. A. It’s famous. B. It’s professional.C. It’s expensive.D. It’s cheating.10. A. The 26-month-old baby is always busy watching videos.B. TV and vi deos may hurt a child’s language development.C. Nothing can replace parents in kids’ language development.D. Children usually watch TV too passively to learn something.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passageswill be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. A. Encouraging. B. Dishonest. C. Interesting. D. Nervous. 12. A. How to start his own business. B. How to develop a real interest.C. How to speak to a woman bravely.D. How to balance his study and work. 13. A. He has too loose a schedule. B. He loves the feeling with students.C. He is dissatisfied with his current job.D. He wants to determine his future development.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Kids threw litter everywhere.B. The camp director gave rude orders.C. Some mysterious plastic litter was found.D. Kids’ joint efforts led to a clean camp.15. A. By taking pictures of litter he picked up.B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up.D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day. 16.A. There is strength in numbers.B. Birds can help to pick up litter.C. Litter is artistic and approachable.D. More straws should be used in the café.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage. 17. A. To enable students to reject violence.B. To help students face struggles more properly.C. To improve students’ health.D. To eliminate poverty more effectively.18. A. How to calm down by talking to experts.B. How to clear their mind throughout the day.C. How to make their teachers happy.D. How to respond to situations better.19. A. More students dropped out last year.B. There is less bad behavior on campus.C. Students are less responsible for their study.D. More students are willing to be sent to the office. 20. A. Its effect remains to be seen.B. Everyone can benefit from it.C. It helps to get rid of poverty to some extent.D. There is enough evidence to show its significance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , thwent early to his office on the 78 floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever ___21____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog ___22____(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.―Forward,‖ Machael instructed , and they descended the first of1,463 steps to thelobby.___23____ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded andhot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn‘t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ___24_____she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.th Around the 30 floor, firefighters started passing Michael ontheir way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, __25___ (provide) many of the firefighters with ____26___ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached __27___booby ,and 15 minutes ater ,they emerged outside to a scene of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as lthe South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle‘s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and ―a deafening roar‖ like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were___28____(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ___29___ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.― I ___30___ (have) many other dogs ,‖ Mechael wrote , ―but there is only one Roselle.‖Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. catalogB. barelyC. freeD. self-consciousnessE. prospectsF. compulsoryG. droppedH. assignedI. certifiedJ. totallyK. transferFor thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages,journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of everymarital and maternal status returning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get our general education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.)―By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot‘sdean‘s list taking classes Iloved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the firsthour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology,killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course,―The College Reading Experience.‖ The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear andconcise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70‘s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. Shelived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shopfor a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It‘s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 41 . And it‘s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wagessteadily 42 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的)wages across the labor market, the language-service industry withits 50,000 jobs is a 43 spotin the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and isroutinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. ―The risks can be huge,‖ said Clementi, ―There‘s tons of 44 pressure.‖In some cases, a(n) 45 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user‘s guide for medical eq uipment is not translated well, it could lead to 46 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 47 .Translators‘ and interpreters‘ immunity (免疫力) to the nation‘s economic downturn also 48the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.―Good translators who 49 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,‖ said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association. Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raisethe need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 50to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language. ―As more people 51 the worldwide economy, that‘s going todrive more commerce, and that‘s going to drive more language services,‖ said Bill Rivers, exec utive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.52 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not assimple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 53 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpretersmaintain a 54 , such as legaldocuments, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry. Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate 55 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.41(A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy42(A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained43(A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough44(A. money B. peer C. blood D. time45(A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative46(A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion47(A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state48(A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists49(A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to50(A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored51(A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on 52(A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise53(A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile54(A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty55(A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirection:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of theparticipants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best." The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video fromeach camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind ofslow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviourafterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself inanother's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really niceway to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."56(The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting57(We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes58(In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them59(It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly(B)Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical areaof Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the mostcomprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.60. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn‘t include______.A. AfricaB. AustraliaC. the South AmericaD. Britain61. The earliest collection is from ______.A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasB. The Department of AsiaC. The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresD. All of the above62. The Department of Asia represents ______.A. the geographic features of AsiaB. the relationships between Asian countriesC. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesD. the cultural fights between some native groups(C)―Does my smile look big in this?‖ Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtlyadjust your reflection to make you look ? and hence feel ? happier, encouraging you to likewhat you see.That‘s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleaguesat the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ? that laughter comes beforehappiness, rather than the other way around ? is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ? as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and asked themto sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers‘ emotional state wouldinfluence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smilingwere less likely. The system could be used to manipulateconsumers‘ impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.―It‘s certainly an interesting area,‖ says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. ―Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,‖ he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. ―You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?‖ says Creed. ―But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.‖63(What‘s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To see whether one‘s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one‘s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.64(What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers‘ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beauti fied the volunteers‘ appearance in the mirror.65(What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people‘s ex pressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.66(What does Creed‘s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer .___________67_______________Forexample , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . Toincrease levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people‘s wish of participating from an internal factor(e.g.,‘I volunteer because it‘simportant to me‖) to an external factor(e.g., ? I volunteer because I‘m required to do so .‖) . When that happens people become lesslikely to volunteer in the future._________68______________ Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.____69______ the researchers note that attention should be given to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide themwith strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.‖Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role.______70________ .Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .‖ ― Consistent with the researchers ― expectations, they found a positive correlation betw een the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:‖ Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.‖A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain ofelectronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster thantraditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver .A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher inSo-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finishedproducts . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) itcame in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that ― th eproduction , distribution , and use of products ------as well as management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.‖ Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recyclingIn many countries the concept of the extended producerresponsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments‘ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments‘ point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。

1.what will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Writea report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She's generour.B.She's curious.C.She's helpful.3.When does the traif leave?A.At 6:30.B.At8:30.C.At精品文档10:30.4.How does the wonar sRwr?mA.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

Ⅱ.GrammarDirtections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose the one answer that best completes the scntence.21.The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him.________?A.did theyB.didn’t theyC.did itD.didn’t it22.They’re not very good,but we like ________.A.anyway to play baskeball with themB.to play basketball with them anywayC.to play with them basketball anywayD.with them to play basketball anyway23.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday aftemoon ,so he _______your lecture.A.couldn’t have attendedB.needn’t have attendedC.mustn’t have attendedD.shouldn’t have attended24.My uncle_______until he was forty-fiveA.marriedB.didn’t marryC.was not marryingD.would marry25.Not a single song ________at yesterday’s party.A.she sangB.sang sheC.did she singD.she did sing26._______of the land in that district _______covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth…isB.Two fifth …areC.Two fifths…isD.Two fifths …are27._______she couldn’t understand was ______fewer and fewer students shoued interest in her lessons.A.What …whyB.That …whatC.What …becauseD.Why…that28.Recently I bought an ancieat Chinese vase._______was very reasonable.A.which priceB.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose29.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _______-.A.who is heB.who he isC.who is itD.who it is30.She found her calculator______she lost itA.whereB.whenC.in whichD.that31.He sent me an e-mail,____to get further information.A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hope32.I know nothing about the young lady_____she is from Beijing.A.exceptB.except forC.except thatD.besides33.What he has done is far from_______-.A.satisfactoryB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy34.You’re standing too near the camera .Can you move________?A.a bit farB.a little fartherC.a bit of fartherD.a little far35.Greenland._____is land in the world,covers over two million square kilometres.A.it is the largestB.that is the largestC.is the largestD.the largest36.If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed ,he would not suffer so much now.A.liesyC.had lainD.should lie37._______in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being foundedB.It was foundedC.FoundedD.Founding38.An awful accident ______however occur the other day.A.doesB.didC.has toD.had to39.The ______boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A.missing…playingB.muissing… playC.missed…playedD.missed…to play40.Tony was very unhappy for _______to the party.A.having not been invitedB.not having in vitedC.having not invitedD.not having been invited41A.it’s all right ,thanksB.Yes,go ahead pleaseC.I don’t want to trouble you too muchD.No.please don’t do itWang.A.Oh ,I’m afraid I didn’t cook very wellB.i’m glad you enjoyed ite again when you are freeD.It’s not necessary for you to say soA.I’d rather you didn’t ,actuallyB.Of course not,it's not allowed hereC．Gredt! I love pets D.No .you can’tA.That’s all right.B.I don’t believe you.C.How dare you say that?D.Sorr y,but that’s no excuse.ⅢV ocabularyDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,CandD.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.46.The loin is consiered the king of the forest as it is a(n)______of courage and power.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol47.We volunteered to collect money to help the ______of the earthquake.A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers48.If you don’t take away all your things from the desk,there won’t be enough______for my stationery.A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface49.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _______.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results50.I wrote him a letter to show my_____of his thoughtfulness.A.achievementB.agreementC.attentionD.appreciation51.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good________.A.sightB.sensC.viewD.lookA.spendB.spareC.share C.stop53.Although the working mother is very busy.she still _____a lot of time to her children.A.devotesB.spendsC.offersD.provides54.When I opened the door.a parcel on the floor_____my eye.A.metB.caughtC.drewD.attracted55.After the president made an officeal announcement ,she expressed her______oopinion.A.personalB.privateC.singleD.in华夏学习网edual56.After the president made an offcial announcement, she expressed her_____opinion.A.personalB.privateC.singleD.in华夏学习网idual56.Alice laid her baby on the sofa_____and wrapped it with a blanket.A.silentlyB.tenderlyC.friendlyfortably57.Fred is second to mone in maths in our class ,but beliveve it or not ,he ______passed the last exam.A.easilyB.hardly B.actually D.successfully58.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise._____,our minds are developed by learning.A.ProbablyB.LikelyC.SimilarlyD.Generally59.He holds an important position in the company;_____.Idon’t quite trust him.A.thusB.furthermoreC.otherwiseD.nevertheless60.If you had ______your test paper carefully befor handing it in. you would have made fewer mistakes.A.looked upB.thought aboutC.gone overD.gone round21.D 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.C26.C 27.A 28.B 29.D 30.A31.B 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.D36.C 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D41.A 42.B 43.A 44.D 45.D46.D 47.A 48.C 49.A 50.D51.C 52.B 53.A 54.B 55.A56.B 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.C。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英 语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。 2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15. 答案是 C。 1.What does the woman think of the movie? A.It’s amusing B.It’s exciting C.It’s disappointing 2.How will Susan spend most of her time in France? A. Traveling around B.Studying at a school C.Looking after her aunt 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. Going out B.Ordering drinks C.Preparing for a party 4.Where are the speakers? A.In a classroom B.In a library C.In a bookstore 5.What is the man going to do ? A.Go on the Internet B.Make a phone call C.Take a train trip 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is the woman looking for? A. An information office B.A police station C.A shoe repair shop 7. What is the Town Guide according to the man? A. A brochure B.A newspaper C.A map 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8.What does the man say about the restaurant? A.It’s the biggest one around. B.It offers many tasty dishes. C. It’s famous for its seafood. 9.What will the woman probably order? A.Fried fish. B.Roast chicken. C.Beef steak. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10.Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock? A.At the office. B.At the airport. C.At the restaurant. 11.What will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon? A.Receive a guest. B.Have a meeting. C.Read a report. 12.When will Miss Wilson see Mr. White? A.At lunch time B.Late in the afternoon. C.The next morning. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13.Why is Bill going to Germany? A.To work on a project. B.To study German. C.To start a new company. 14.What did the woman dislike about Germany？ A.The weather. B.The food. C. The schools. 15. What does Bill hope to do about his family？ A.Bring them to Germany. B.leave them in England. C.Visit them in a few months. 16. What is the probable relationship between the speaker? A. fellow-travelers B.Colleagues. C.Classmates. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.When did it rain last time in Juarez? A.Three days ago. B.A month ago. C.A year ago. 18. What season is it in Juarez? A.Sping. B.Summer C.Autumn 19.What are the elderly advised to do? A.Take a walk in the afternoon. B.Keep their homes cool. C.Drink plenty of water. 20.What is the speaker doing? A.Hosting a radio program. B.Conducting a seminar. C.Forecasting the weather.

上海高考英语2018春考试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Her working all day long. B. The family reunion.C. The annoying housework.D. The intense schedule.2. A. The kids were frightened by the movie. B. The kids enjoyed the movie.C. The movie is not suitable for kids to see.D. The movie is quite boring.3. A. She is drinking tea at a table.B. She is interested in reading magazines.C. She likes the pictures in the magazines.D. She doesn’t know any Chinese.4. A. Supermarket. B. Drug store. C. Barber shop. D. Shopping centre.5. A. He likes cooking food himself B. He thinks frozen food is healthierC. He accepts the woman’s invitation.D. He prefers to buy frozen food.6. A full-time student. B. An exchange student C.A visiting scholar. D. A part-time student.7. A. She is bossy. B. She is shy.C. She is arrogant（傲慢的）.D. She is trustworthy.8. A. He’s a teacher. B. He’s a writer.C. He’s a businessman.D. He’s a journalist.9. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours.10. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out.C. He didn’t like the hiking trip.D. He’s too tired to continue.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They became more active in water.B. Symptoms of depression disappeared.C. Their digestion developed.D. They suffered from depression.12. A. Neon lights. B. Kindle screens.C. Overweight.D. Closed window curtains.13. A. Turn off all the electronic devices.B. Read a book and drink some water.C. Take some sleep pills.D. Go on a diet and lose some weight.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 71% of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars.B. The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade.C. Economic growth has made global poverty worse than before.D. The middle class are now one step away from poverty.15. A. The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries.B. The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon.C. Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results.D. Once get out of poverty, those people will live a better life.16. A. The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living.B. Whatever progress is made, nothing will be changed.C. Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life.D. Developed countries suffer from the question from both poverty and the middle class.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Thunderstorm accident. B. A cable emergency.C. An appointment on Saturday.D. A computer system breakdown.18. A. Lightning. B. Power failure.C. Cable cut.D. System failure19. A. Plug the TV off. B. Keep the cable connected.C. Stay at home.D. Call the cable center for sure.20. A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon.C. On Tuesday Morning.D. On Tuesday afternoon.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) __________ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) __________ (little) laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) __________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) __________ __________ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about “good choices”? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) __________ vigorously they grow without me.Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I’d guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) __________ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) __________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I’m sure you will figure it out.”And yet, the spaces (28) __________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I’ve found. I now have the chance (29) __________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) __________ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty. But overflowing.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a castle, but castles are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both (31) __________ and well-secured, the classic European castle is the pinnacle (小尖顶) of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the (32) __________ of our culture.Castles were (33) __________ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34) __________ through England, he strengthened key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35) __________. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were gathered to, organized around, and positioned from castles. In this way castles served both (36) __________ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his land. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they (37) __________ and paid tribute to the lord. They would (38) __________ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39) __________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed (隐约的出现) in the background of many peasants’ lives and served as a daily (40) __________ of the lord’s strength.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Humans hate significantly to give workers more than they deserve, and indeed many will be satisfied with less to promote work equality. But is this attitude _____41_____? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different_____42_____think about merit(功劳)when sharing rewards. There is reason to that meritocracy, a social system where people get money on the basis of their ability, may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the _____43_____of children, four to eleven years old, in three different cultures.The idea was to test how much the children _____44_____merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to hand out the sweets any way he or she wanted—without adults in the room to influence them. If they treasured merit, children should_____45_____the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had caught the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one_____46_____, but if one exhibited much better performance at fishing, rewards would also be out of proportion. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be _____47_____catch size—since no effort was involved._____48_____matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study, as described in an issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the harvests of the day precisely in proportion to_____49_____ even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that_____50_____is culturally defined.But why? The scientists offer some_____51_____on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is_____52_____for regulating deals between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on fair interactions, because inequality won’t be reduced in the future. In small scale societies,_____53_____, most exchanges take place between people who are familiar with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity—rather than to insist on equity in a single deal. In forager societies which emphasize equality, _____54_____ is an important leveling mechanism, balancing inequality in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may make these social values become part of their way of thinking early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is_____55_____.41. A. sensible B. universal C. unconscious D. unique42. A. cultures B. communities C. companies D. households43. A. intelligence B. behavior C. emotion D. character44. A. respected B. overlooked C. valued D. deserved45. A. collect B. mark C. sort D. distribute46. A.generously B. openly C. equally D. appropriately47. A. unrelated to B. associated with C. based on D. worthy of48. A. Equality B. Race C. Culture D. Harmony49. A. productivity B. effort C. interests D. efficiency50. A. frankness B. prejudice C. distrust D. fairness51. A. feelings B. thoughts C. advice D.predictions52. A. costly B. valueless C. unnecessary D. important53. A. for instance B. in addition C. by contrast D. in other words54. A. cooperating B. combining C. dividing D. sharing55. A.ordinary B. imaginary C. innovative D.discouragingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We Have a Painter to Thank for YellowstoneBefore artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as an unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland.Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland.In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors--the first color renderings of the area--were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art museum.In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-12-foot painting. The gold splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white.”Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran.56.What changes Thomas Moran has brought to Yellowstone Park?A.He turned Yellowstone Park into a purgatoryB.He transformed Yellowstone Park into a fairylandC.He pushed Yellowstone Park into a National ParkD.He painted a picture for Yellowstone Park57.When was Yellowstone Park established as the first national park?A.In March 1871.B. In March 1872.C. In April 1872.D. In August 1872.58.What are the characteristics of Thomas Moran’s paintings about Yellowstone Park?A.Paying attention to color rendering of paintingsB.His magnificent and wonderful paintingsC.His reputation closely linked to Yellowstone ParkD.His paintings with nothing special59.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The Significance of Thomas Moran’s paintings to Yellowstone ParkB.How Yellowstone Park is established as a National ParkC.The Great Painter--Thomas MoranD.The process of Yellowstone Park being labeled as a fairyland(B)Why UPS trucks (almost) never turn leftBy favoring right-hand turns at all times—unless a left is unavoidable—the carrier saves millions of gallons of fuel each year, and avoids emissions equivalent to over 20,000 passenger cars.The practice started decades ago, before computers and GPS, and is now managed by a software that conjures the most efficient route for each truck.What’s wrong with turning left?Left-hand turns are generally considered unsafe and wasteful on right-hand driving roads, such as those in the U. S.“Left-turning traffic typically has to turn against a flow of oncoming vehicles,” explains Tom Vanderbilt, author of the book “Traffic: Why we drive the way we do.”“This can not only be dangerous, but makes traffic build up, unless you install a dedicated left-turn ‘phase’, which is fine but basically adds 30 or 45 seconds to everyone else’s single time, ” he said.A study on crash factors in intersection-related accidents from the U. S. National Highway Traffic Safety Association shows that turning left is one of the leading “critical pre-crash events” (an event that made a collision inevitable), occurring in 22.2 percent of crashes, as opposed to 1.2 percent for right turns. About 61 percent of crashes that occur while turning or crossing an intersection involve left turns, as opposed to just 3.1 percent involving right turns.Left turns are also three times more likely to kill pedestrians than right ones, according to data collected by New York City’s transportation planners.The right way to save fuel“A left-hand turn is also less fuel efficient,” said Jack Levis, UPS Senior Director of Process Management, “because your car’s idling (未熄火) longer, which is also not good for your vehicle. ”UPS does not ban left turns out right, says Levis: “We will make left hand turns, but not ones that are unnecessary. We don’t need to go in circles all day long by making only right hand turns. We have tools analyze the number of left hand turns for each route, and we can work out which ones are avoidable.”The procedure is now incorporated in most countries around the world.To this end, the carrier created its own maps, which it says are more accurate that commercially available ones: “We can differentiate more important left-hand turns from unimportant ones. Google Maps has no concept of not making a left-hand turn, it just shows the most direct way to reach your destination. We have the ability to penalize some of those,” Levis told CNN.The system knows about p arking lots, private driveways, variable speed limit sand roads that are inaccessible for atruck.The software can give an undesirable left turn a penalty that adds 20 seconds to the estimated route time. In that case, going around the block and turning always right might offset that 20-second penalty: “We were able to turn off left hand turns,” said Levis.Taking a longer route while still saving t ime and fuel might sound confusing, even to UPS drivers, according to Vanderbilt: “I’ve actually been to UPS’s logistics center and discussed this with their lead engineers,” he said.“A lot of individual rivers felt the new routing software was making their trips longer, but they were later proven wrong. This is the thing about traffic, it’s such a complex system that often the individual cannot get a sense of the overall efficiency of the system, and optimize accordingly. It’s also one of the counter intuitive, ‘slower-is-faster’ effects you often see in traffic. ”The rule,says Levis, can also be applied to left-hand driving countries, such as Australia and the UK, where it discourages right-hand turns.60.How much resource can UPS trucks save by avoiding turning left?A.UPS trucks will consume millions of gallons of fuel.B.The emission of UPS trucks is equivalent to that of over 2000 passenger cars.C.UPS trucks estimate to save 100,000 metric tons of CO2 emission a year.D.UPS trucks estimate an increase of 6 to 8 miles per route.61.In Tom Vanderbilt’s View, how to deal with the Left Turn Problem in the United States?A.Install a dedicated left turn phase.B.Traffic planners manage road conditions.C.Operators make their own traffic maps.D.National policy encourages left turn of vehicles.62.Which of the following options is NOT TRUE according to the content of the article?A.It’s unsafe to turn left on right-hand driving roads.B.Turning left is not resource-efficient on right-hand driving roads.C.Left turning is likely to cause traffic accidents.D.Left - turn is discouraged in all countries.(C)“Is data the new oil?” asked proponents of big data back in 2012 in Forbes magazine. By 2016, and the rise of big data’s turbo-powered cousin deep learning, we had become more certain: “Data is the new oil, ” stated Fortune.Amazon’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different analogy: Data, he says, is coal. Not coal today, though, but coal in the early days of the 18th century, when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine. A Devonian ironmonger, Newcomen built his device to pump water out of the south west’s prolific tin mines.The problem, as Lawrence told the Re-Work conference on Deep Learning in London, was that the pump was rather more useful to those who had a lot of coal than those who didn’t: it was good, but not good enough to buy coal in to run it. That was so true that the first of Newcomen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine, but in coal works near Dudley.So why is data coal? The problem is similar: there are a lot of Newcomens in the world of deep learning. Startups like London’s Magic Pony and SwiftKey are coming up with revolutionary new ways to train machines to do impressive feats of cognition, from reconstructing facial data from grainy images to learning the writing style of an individual user to better predict which word they are going to type in a sentence.And yet, like Newcomen, their innovations are so much more useful to the people who actually have copious amounts of raw material to work from. And so Magic Pony is acquired by Twitter, SwiftKey is acquired by Microsoft -- and Lawrence himself gets hired by Amazon from the University of Sheffield, where he was based until three weeks ago.But there is a coda to the story: 69 years later, James Watt made a nice tweak to the Newcomen steam engine, adding a condenser to the design. That change, Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much more efficient, and that’s what triggered the industrial revolution”.Whether data is oil or coal, then, there’s another way the analogy holds up: a lot of work is going into trying to make sure we can do more, with less. It’s not as impressive as teaching a computer to play Go or Pac-Man better than any human alive, but “data efficiency” is a crucial step if deep learning is going to move away from simply gobbling up oodles of data and spitting out the best correlations possible.“If you look at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they’re all areas where there’s lots of data,” points out Lawrence. That’s great if you want to categorize images of cats, but less helpful if you want to use deep learning to diagnose rare illnesses. “It’s generally considered unethical to force people to become sick in order to acquire data.”63.According to the passage, why data is seen as the new coal?A. It can drive the steam engine to pump water.B. It can help people make more coals.C. It can help the areas of deep learning.D. It can help cure diagnose rare illnesses.64.According to Lawrence, why big data is less helpful to diagnose rare illnesses?A. Because there is no such demand.B. Because it can only use to categorize images of cats.C. Because it’s unethical to acquire data by forcing people to become sick.D. Because it needs too much data.65.Which areas are most likely to be successful in in-depth learning?A. Some small start-ups.B. Areas with large amounts of data.C. Coal and Petroleum Development Field.D. Areas for tackling rare diseases.66.According to the content of the article, which is NOT TRUE about the big data?A. We still have a lot of work to study the big data.B. It requires countless data to be collected.C. The purpose of studying big data is to save parents’ costs.D. “Data efficiency” is a critical step to explore more data.Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Most Important Thing You’re Not Discussing with Your DoctorShared decision making requires you to be an active participant. Politicians and policymakers are discussing what parts of the Affordable Care Act to change and what to keep. While most of us have little control over those discussions, there is one health care topic that we can control: what we talk about with our doctor.The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark publication Crossing the Quality Chasm 15 years ago. The report proposed six aims for improvement in the U.S. health system, identifying that health care should be patient-centered, safe, effective, timely, efficient and equitable.The idea that health care should be patient-centered sounds obvious, but what does that mean? The IOM defines it as care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values” and that ensures “patient values guide all clinical decisions.”For this to truly happen, doctors’ appointments need to cover more topics than how one is feeling and what can be done. Does your doctor know your values? (67)______ Fewer than half of people report that their physician or other health care provider asks about their goals and concerns for their health and health care. Your doctor can discuss medical tests and treatments without knowing your life goals, but sharing your values and needs with your doctor makes discussions and decisions more personalized and may lead to better health.How does patient-centered care happen?In order for your health care to center around you, your doctor needs to know your values, preferences and needs. Everyone is different. (68)______As a neurologist, when I’m working with a 76-year-old widow whose main goal is to remain independent in her home, we frame her care in that context. (69)______ We discuss how a walker helps her be more independent rather than less, as she can move around her home more safely.When a stressed college student comes to my office for a bothersome tremor, his preference is to avoid medications that he might forget to take or that might harm his school performance. This guides our discussion of the pros and cons of different options, including using medications but also doing nothing, an option that almost half of patients feel strongly should always be discussed. (70)______ In sharing their values and goals with me, these individuals enabled a health care approach that respected their needs and also responded to their life circumstances.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mail point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughter is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.少喝含糖的饮料，否则你会容易发胖。