2018上海高考英语真题试题-上海市2018年高考英语试题

2018上海高考英语The 2018 Shanghai College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao) is an important event in the lives of millions of Chinese students. This standardized test determines their academic future and serves as a gateway to higher education. The English section of the Gaokao is particularly significant as it assesses students' English language proficiency and communication skills. In this article, we will explore the format of the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam and discuss the key areas that students should focus on to succeed.The English section of the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao is divided into three parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. The listening comprehension section tests students' ability to understand and interpret spoken English. It consists of multiple-choice questions based on recorded conversations and monologues. To excel in this section, students should practice listening to English audio materials regularly and improve their ability to catch important information and infer meaning from context.The reading comprehension section assesses students' reading skills and their ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. This section includes a variety of reading materials such as articles, advertisements, and letters. To excel in this section, students should practice reading English articles from various sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and online platforms. They should also develop skills in skimming and scanning to quickly locate relevant information and answer questions effectively.The writing section is a crucial part of the English exam as it tests students' ability to express themselves in written English. Students are required to write an essay on a given topic, expressing their opinions and supporting them with relevant arguments and examples. To excel in this section, students should practice writing essays on a wide range of topics, focusing on organizing their ideas, using appropriate vocabulary andgrammar, and developing strong arguments. It is also important for students to practice time management to ensure they can complete the essay within the given time frame.In addition to these specific sections, there are some general strategies that students can employ to enhance their performance in the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam. Firstly, students should allocate sufficient time for exam preparation and create a study schedule that allows for regular practice in all areas of the English language. Consistency and persistence are key to mastering the language. Secondly, students should make use of available resources, such as textbooks, online materials, and mock exams, to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice under realistic test conditions. Lastly, it is crucial for students to stay calm and confident during the exam. Nervousness can hinder performance, so students should practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and positive self-talk, to stay focused and composed.In conclusion, the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam is an important milestone for Chinese students. By understanding the format of the exam and focusing on key areas such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing, students can improve their chances of success. By adopting effective study strategies, utilizing available resources, and maintaining a calm and confident mindset, students can perform their best and achieve their desired results in the exam.。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语听力试卷2018年6月I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a supermarket. B. At the laundry. C. In a clothing store. D. At the tailor.2. A. He enjoys working hard. B. He is tired of piles of work.C. His complaint about work is sensible.D. His hard work doesn’t pay off.3. A. He’s changing the light. B. He’s burning the wires.C. He’s dancing on the desk.D. He is checking the bulb.4. A.100 pounds. B. 200 pounds. C. 700 pounds. D. 600 pounds.5. A. She has no chance to get the job. B. She is sure to be hired.C. There will be a fierce competition.D. Others will not give the chance to her.6. A. The man’s habit of drinking wine keeps him awake all night.B. This man should sleep in a comfortable bed.C. A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably.D. Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the man’s insomnia.7. A. The size of the shirt is probably small for him. B. He doesn’t want any new shirt.C. He’s exercising to put on some weight.D. The receipt is essential to buy another shirt.8. A. Lead him to take another flight. B. Provide him with a place to stay tonight.C. Tell his friends to pick him up at the airport.D. Informed him of the new flight in time.9. A. A very popular hotel. B. The competitive job markets.C. The large population of the city. D He doesn’t need any present.10. A. The physics problem is Greek to all the students.B. Professor Smith cannot teach the students well.C. The man still doesn’t understand the problem.D. It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Britain B. France C. Spain D. American12. A. St. Augustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017.B. American became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821.C. The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now.D. The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there.13. A. The extraordinary history of St. Augustine.B. The hardships St. Augustine once suffered.C. The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine.D. The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The transport system of London is available everywhere.B. Tokyo’s lost property office is the biggest one in the world.C. The lost items are an important source of funding for London.D. In most cases, people don’t care about the things they lost.15. A. The lost items are collected all over the world.B. Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones.C. The items that are not claimed will be valuable for the transportation.D. Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners.16. A Losing shoes are meaningless to them.B. The lost shoes are meaningless to themC. They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes.D. Once shoes get lost, it’s difficult to find them backQuestion 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She is discussing business with this man.B. She’s looking around a house for rent.C. She’s watching the house she wants to buyD. She is talking about the loan with the bank staff.18. A. The wine storage area. B. The advanced equipment.C. The relaxing colors of the wall.D. The reasonable layout.19. A. It’s dirty and cheap. B. It’s unreasonable layout.C It’s unexpected. D. It is acceptable.20. A. This householder often ignores customer’s offering.B. The woman is superior to others in buying this house.C. The house agent is uncertain about the woman’s offering.D. The house has been ordered in advance by other people.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语听力原文I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Text 1M: Good morning, can I help you?W: Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?Text 2W: Jack, you look tired.M: Yes, I’ve got a pile of work to do, but it gives me a great sense of achievement.Q: What can we learn about the man?Text 3W: John, What’s up? Why are you standing on the desk?M: The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt outQ: What is the man most probably doing?Text 4W: I will take this room. How much is the rent?M: Well, two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months’ rent in advance plus a deposit of one hundred poundsQ: According to the man, how much should the woman pay in total?Text 5W: I will take an interview for a part-time librarian tomorrow.M: Don’t worry, I will stand no chance if you take the interviewQ:How does the man feel about the woman’s chance of getting the job？Text 6M: I couldn’t sleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable.W: Don’t blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does the woman imply?Text 7W: Andy, I bought a shirt for you.M: Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I’ve put on some weight.Q: What does the man imply?Text 8W: I’m terribly sorry. But your flight has been cancelled.M: What? In that case, I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight.Q: What does the man expect the woman to do for him?Text 9W: A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers but over four thousand people showed up.M: Yes, I saw the news on TV. I still have my job, thank goodness.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Text 10W: Professor Smith explained the Physics problem very clearly.M: Did he? Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage orconversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.With the fascinating (迷人的) past and more than 4 centuries of history, St. Augustine is one the nation’s oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, it is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views.In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called it Le Florida and claimed it for Spain. Then, in 1565, a Spanish conqueror established a settlement there, and named it St. Augustine. Except for a twenty-year period of English rule, Florida remained under Spanish rule until the United States took control in 1821.In the years after its founding, the city of St. Augustine was attacked by the French and English, and by native Americans, who are said to have shot flaming arrows at the city’s defensive building, setting it on fire.More recently, nature has stricken the region with hurricanes, Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still, St. Augustine injures. As the region recovers, visitors shouldn’t overlook it. St. Augustine has suffered much in its long history. Hopefully, visitors will come and perhaps support the Florida coast recovery while discovering its centuries of history and miles of coastal beauty.11. Which country first governed Florida in history?12. Which of the following statements is true of St. Augustine?13. What is the passage mainly about?Questions14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Transport for London has a lost property office, which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city’s transport system each day.It is the biggest lost property office in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo’s. 65 staffs sort through hundreds of thousands of lost and forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cohen. According to the latest data, Cohen’s team dealt with over three hundred thousand items in the first quarter of the year.As the data reveals, very few are claimed. For example, of the nearly thirteen thousand keys handed in to lost property last year, just under one thousand four hundred were returned to their owners, says Cohen. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three months. After that time, stock becomes the property of Transport for London, and it’s not necessarily the items you’d expect.Wander through the three basement floors that make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enough to recover and what we’re happy to let go. Cohen has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, “If you have one shoe, you are more likely to go looking for the other. If you lose two shoes, well, it’s slightly out of sight and out of mind.” He guesses many people regard loss as an opportunity to treat themselves to something new.14: What is the passage mainly about?15: Which of the following is true of the lost items?16: According to Cohen, why don’t some people get their lost shoes back?Questions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a good feeling about this house.M: If you like the outside, you are going to really love the inside.W: What a beautiful home and I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from the street.M: Follow me into the kitchen, you will love it.W: Wow, they put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it!M: The best part is the bedroom and the attached bathroom.W: I love the relaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I’d like to make an offer on this house.M: As your house agent, I’m here to take care of this process. How much will you plan for the offering? W: I really like the house and I will pay the full asking price of three hundred and eighty thousand dollars. M: We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room. Let’s offer three hundred and fifty thousand dollars.W: That sounds good, but I don’t want this house to get away from me.M: The marketer is fairly down right now, so the offer is a realistic one.W: When will we know if they accept the offer?M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days.W: Should I be contacting my bank in the meantime?M: You are already pre-qualified for your loan, so you’re in good shape.17. What is the woman most probably doing?18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen?19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first?20. Which of the following is true according to the passage?。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷以及答案（包括一篇范文）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷第I卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questionwill be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bestanswer to the question you have heard.1. M: Goodmorning, can I help you?W: Yes, thisdress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q: Where doesthe conversation most probably take place?2. W: Jack, youlook tired.M: Yes, I’ve gota pile of work to do, but it gives me a g reat sense of achievement.Q: What can welearn about the man?3. W: John,What's up? Why are you standing on the desk?M: The lightssuddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt outQ: What is theman most probably doing?4. W: I willtake this room. How much is the rent?M: Well, twohundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months’ rent in advance plus adeposit of one hundred poundsQ: According tothe man, how much should the woman pay in total?5. W: I willtake an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow.M: Don’t worry,I will stand no chance if you take the interviewQ:How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job？6. M: I couldn'tsleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable.W: Don't blamethe bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does thewoman imply?7. W: Andy, Ibought a shirt for you.M: Thank you. Ihope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.Q: What does theman imply?8. W: I’mterribly sorry. But your flight has been cancelled.M: What? In thatcase, I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight.Q: What does theman expect the woman to do for him?9. W: A newhotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers but over fourthousand people showed up.M: Yes, I sawthe news on TV. I still have my job, thank goodness.Q: What are thespeakers talking about?10. W: ProfessorSmith explained the Physics problem very clearly.M: Did he?Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can welearn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passagesand one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will beasked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read thefour possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.With the fascinating past and more than4 centuries of history, St. Augustine is one the nation's oldest cities and anAmerican treasure. Located on Florida's Atlantic coast, it is home to many fineexamples of European architecture and wild scenic views.In 1513, while looking for the storiedfountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called it Le Florida andclaimed it for Spain. Then, in 1565, a Spanish conqueror established asettlement there, and named it St. Augustine. Except for a twenty-year period of English rule, Florida remained under Spanish rule until the United Statestook control in 1821.In the years after its founding, thecity of St. Augustine was attacked by the French and English, and by nativeAmericans, who are said to have shot flaming arrows at the city's defensivebuilding, setting it on fire.More recently, nature has stricken theregion with hurricanes, Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still, St. Augustineinjures. As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustinehas suffered much in its long history. Hopefully, visitors will come andperhaps support the Florida coast recovery while discovering its centuries ofhistory and miles of coastal beauty.11. Whichcountry first governed Florida in history?12. Which of thefollowing statements is true of St. Augustine?13. What is thepassage mainly about?Questions14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Transport for London has a lost propertyoffice, which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city'stransport system each day.It is the biggest lost property officein Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. 65 staffs sort through hundreds ofthousands of lost and forgotten items each at the office, which is run by PaulCohen. According to the latest data, Cohen's team dealt with over three hundredthousand items in the first quarter of the year.As the data reveals, very few areclaimed. For example, of the nearly thirteen thousand keys handed in to lostproperty last year, just under one thousand four hundred were returned to theirowners, says Cohen. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within threemonths. After that time, stock becomes the property of Transport for London,and it's not necessarily the items you’d expect.Wander through the three basement floorsthat make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enoughto recover and what we're happy to let go. Cohen has discovered somethinginteresting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, “If you have one shoe,you are more likely to go looking for theother. If you lose two shoes, well,it’s slightly out of sig ht and out of mind.” He guesses many people regard lossas an opportunity to treat themselves to something new.14: What is thepassage mainly about?15: Which of thefollowing is true of the lost items?16: According toCohen, why don't some people get their lost shoes back?Questions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a goodfeeling about this house.M: If you likethe outside, you are going to really love the inside.W: What abeautiful home and I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from thestreet. M: Follow meinto the kitchen, you will love it.W: Wow, they puta wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it!M: The best partis the bedroom and the attached bathroom.W: I love therelaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I’d like to make an offer onthis house.M: As your houseagent, I’m here to take care of this process. How much will you plan for theoffering?W: I really likethe house and I will pay the full asking price of three hundred and eightythousand dollars.M: We’d betterleave ourselves some bargaining room. Let’s offer three hundred and fiftythousand dollars.W: That soundsgood, but I don't want this house to get away from me.M: The marketeris fairly down right now, so the offer is a realistic one.W: When will weknow if they accept the offer?M: The ownersusually respond to an offer within a few days.W: Should I becontacting my bank in the meantime?M: You arealready pre-qualified for your loan, so you're in good shape.17. What is thewoman most probably doing?18. What doesthe woman like best in the kitchen?19. What doesthe woman think of the man's offer on the house at first?20. Which of thefollowing is true according to the passage?。

2018年上海高考英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Atthe end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide whichone is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M:Good morning. Can Ihelp you?W:Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q :Where doesthe conversation most probably take place?2. W: Jack, you look tired.M:Yes, I got piles of work to do. But it gives me a great sense of achievement.Q:What can we learn about the man?3. W:John, what's up? Why are you standing on the desk?M:The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt out.Q: What is the man most probably doing?4. W:I will take this room, how muchis the rent?M:Well,two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months rent inadvance, plus a deposit of 100 pounds.Q:Accordingto the man, how much should the woman pay in total?5. W:I'll take an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow.M:Don't worry. Others stand no chance, if you take the interview.Q:How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job?6. M :I couldn't sleep at all last night. The bed isnot comfortable.W:Don't blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does the woman imply?7. W:Andy, I bought a shirt for you.M:Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.Q:What does the man imply?8. W:I'm terribly sorry, but your flight has been canceled.N:What? In that case, I hope you will put meup somewhere tonight.Q: What does the man expect a woman to do for him?9. W:A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers. But over4,000 people showed up .M:Yes, I saw the news onTV. Istill have my job, thank goodness.Q:What are the speakers talking about?10. W:Professor smith explained the physics problem very clearly.M:Did he? Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions, the passage andthe conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you heara question, read the four possible answers on yourpaper and decide which one is thebest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, St. Augustine is one of thenation's oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, i t is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views. In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called itLa Florida, and claimed it for Spain, then in 1565, a Spanish conquer established a settlement there and named it St. Augustine, except fora twenty year period of English rule. Floridaremained under Spanish ruleuntil the United States took control in 1821. Inthe years after its founding, the city of St. Augustinewas attacked by the French and English and by native Americans, you are said to have shot flaming arrowsat the city's defensive building, setting it on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the regionwith hurricanes, Matthew on 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still.St Augustine endures.As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustinehas suffered muchin itslong history. Hopefully, visitors will come andp erhapssupport theFlorida’s coast recovery, while discovering its centuries of history and miles of coastal beauty.Questions:11. Which country first governed Florida in history?12. Which of the following statements is true of Saint Augustine?13. What is the passage mainly about?P.S. La Florida--佛罗里达的西班牙语名词Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.Transport for London has a lost property office which collects the items left behind aspeople flow through the city's transport system each day. It is the biggest lost propertyoffice in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. Sixty five staff sort through hundredsof thousands of lostand forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cowan.alt with over three hundred thousand items in Accordingto the latest data, Cowan’s team dethe first quarter of the year. Asthe data reveals, very feware claimed. For example, of thenearly 13,000 keys handed into lost property last year, just under 1,400 were returned totheir owners, saysCowan. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three month.After that time, stock becomes the propertyof transport forLondon. Andit's not necessarilytheitems you'd expect. A wander through the three basement floors that make up the lostproperty office gives us an idea of whatwevalue enough to recover and what we're happyto let go. Cowan has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lostshoes. He said, if you have oneshoe, youare more likely to go looking forthe other. If youlose twoshoes, well,it's slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses many people regardloss as anopportunity to treat themselves to something new.Questions:14. What isthe passage mainly about?15. Which of the followingis true of the lost items?16.According to Cowan, why don't somepeople get their lost shoes back?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a goodfeeling about this house.M: If you like the outside, you're going to really love the inside.W: What abeautiful home!And I likethe way thewindow screengives you privacy from thestreet.M: Follow me into the kitchen. Youwill love it.W: Wow! They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it! The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. Ilove the relaxing colorsof the wall and floor covering. I'd like to makean offer on this house.M: As yourhouseagent, I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planningon offering?W: I really like the house and will pay the full asking price of 380,000 do llars.M:We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room.Let's offer 350,000 dollars.W: That soundsgood. But I don't want this house to get away from me.M: The market is fairly down right now. So the offer is a realistic one.W: When will we know if the y’ll accept the offer?M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days?W: Should Ibe contacting mybank in the meantime?M:You're already pre-qualifiedfor your loan. So you're in good shape.Questions:17. What isthe woman mostprobably doing?18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen?19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first?20. Which of the followingis true according to the passage?标题语法：标题S&A’s plan tofight theft大致内容：就是一个商店推行一个叫 Justice 的系统抓商店扒窃(shoplifting)，还有一些小偷窃就自己放课程让小毛贼学习学习。

年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共小题。

每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。

每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。

2018上海市高考英语试题（含解析）-一般过去时，故填did。

Passage B33 本题考查冠词用法。

由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。

34 本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据…and looks like a mini shop可知首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。

35 本题考查非限定性定语从句。

根据句式结构可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。

36 本题考查反身代词。

根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。

故填myself。

37 本题考查形容词比较级。

该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。

由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加more。

38 本题考查考查动词时态。

根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。

故正确答案为has forced。

39 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。

根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”，故用现在分词urging。

40 本题考查介词用法。

根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知，该空填to。

Section B。

2018 年全国一般高等学校招生一致考试上海英语试卷后二位校验码号码考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12 页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13 页）两部分。

全卷共13 页。

满分 150分。

考试时间120 分钟。

2.答第 I 卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名和准考据号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考据号和校验码。

3.第 I 卷（ 1-16 小题， 25-80 小题）由机器阅卷，答案一定所有涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试卷题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不可以错位。

答案需要改正时，一定将原选项用橡皮擦去，从头选择。

答案不可以涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第 I 卷中的第 17-24 小题、 81-84 小题和第 II 卷的试卷，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

第 I 卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of joggingthe tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with答案： B考点：观察介词的用法解读：，依据句意“Sean已经形成了每日沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应当选 B 。

26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours答案： C考点：本题观察复合形容词解读：数词 +连字符 +名词的用法 ,连字符连结的词作名词定语且用单数。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protoco l explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the ina ppropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Fareastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.（）1. A. In a grocery B. In a cafe.C. At a tailor’s.D. At a toy shop（）2. A. He is pleased with his job.B. He is not satisfied with his work.C. He finds the huge workload unbearable.D. He finds his office much too big for him.（）3.A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK.B. He is most probably jumping from the desk.C. He is most probably repairing the desk.D. He is most probably changing the bulb.（）4. A. £200. B. £300. C. £600. D. £700.（）5. A. It's difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes the interview.B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview.C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others.D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job.（）6. A. The man drinks too much wine.B. The man drinks little wine.C. The bed is too soft.D. The bed is too hard.（）7. A. He may change the shirt because it's too large.B. He may change the shirt because it's too small.C. He doesn't like the color of the shirt.D. He likes the shirt.（）8. A. To put him to another flight.B. To arrange the next flight.C. To take him to somewhere.D. To arrange his accommodation.（）9. A. The news on TV.B. Many people came to the new hotel.C. It is difficult for people to find a job.D. The man still has got a job.（）10. A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics.B. The woman is good at physics.C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly.D. The man can't understand the physics problem.Section BDirections:In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.（）11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England.（）12. A. Visitors shouldn't overlook it because it suffered a lot in history.B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation.C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it.D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty.（）13. A. Florida's Atlantic coast.B. St. Augustine's history.C. Spanish control over Florida.D. Spanish history.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.（）14. A. A lost property office in Europe.B. A lost property office in London.C. A lost property office in Tokyo.D. Paul Cowan's office.（）15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London.B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan's team.C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners.D. Twenty percent of the lost items are claimed in three m onths’ time.（）16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless.B. Because they have already bought new shoes.C. Because they would like to get a new pair.D. Because they can't find their lost shoes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.（）17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house.B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends.C. She is most probably looking for a house.D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house.（）18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A wine storage area.C. The floor covering.D. The relaxing colors of the wall.（）19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high.C. The price is low.D. The offer is unfair.（）20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable.B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom.C. The inside of the house is better than the outside.D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex-the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it ___21___ (cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time ___22___ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is ___23___ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.”The problem isn't just screens ___24___, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization. (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise ___25___ habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is ___26___ (bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ___27___ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to bla me for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents ___28___ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ___29___ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ___30___ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.21. _________ 22. ________ 23. _______ 24. _________ 25. _________ 26. _________ 27. _________ 28. _________ 29. _________ 30. _________ Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. committedB. comparedC. contactD. delegationE. destructiveF. weakG. negotiateH. respelledI. similarity J. superiors K. witnessedSome Very “American” Words Come from ChineseOn a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese.Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin.Let’s start with kowtow.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___31___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___32___— such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___33___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___34___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through ___35___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyèhézuòshè— means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development.Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “.... all the soldiers ___36___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___37___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___38___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were c alled “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan isArabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon.Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word's ___39___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word —typhoon —was influenced by the Cantonese but ___40___ to make it appear more Greek.31. _________ 32. ________ 33. _______ 34. _________ 35. _________ 36. _________ 37. _________ 38. _________ 39. _________ 40. _________III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___42___.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous ___43___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___44___ have slimmed considerably, Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, “but they're ___45___ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___46___ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today' s society.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's “life strategy” slo ws down or speeds up depending on his or her ___47___, exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___48___ effect, the study said. In the first ___49___, “You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___50___ and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the auth or of “iGen; Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy —and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood.A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___51___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said.But America is shifting more toward the ___52___ model, and the change is apparent acrossthe socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___53___ has really sunk in.” The ___54___ of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.（）41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides（）42. A. childhood B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood（）43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes（）44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts（）45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing（）46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized（）47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits（）48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar（）49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion（）50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases（）51. A. respectively B. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerably（）52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster（）53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated（）54. A. implement B. postponementC. achievementD. payment（）55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. resultSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there.Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most- populated island that’s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more, For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.Just like a mint that creates coins, there' s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells.（）56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.（）57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to“_______________”.A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency（）58. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.（）59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells(B)How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia?The logistics of excavating（挖掘）and relocating town’s century-old, living sequoia(红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer( 针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president — and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.（）60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "stood in the way of"?A. ResistedB. BalancedC. Blocked.D. Promoted.（）61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.（）62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.(C)Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not.The budget line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There' s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified,The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above —a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend, In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books — the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme —all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.（）63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical. equation.（）64. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.（）65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.（）66. What is the best title of this passage?A.Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B.The Budget Line as an Economics Concept.C.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD.The Complex Concept- Budget LineSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of wide subjects.B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of styleMagazine Articles More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___67___ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

上海英语试卷解读-2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. MoiqkFSUFc1.W: Can you describe what you do?M: I wash office building windows. I go high up in the basket to reach the windows.MoiqkFSUFcQ: What is the man's job?A.A basketball player.B.A laundry worker.11.A window washer.12.A rock climber【答案】C. A window washer.【解读】这是一道事实细节题。

从对话中可知，男士清洗办公楼的窗户。

所以选项为C，他是个窗户清洁工。

关键词句：I wash office building windows；to reach the window.MoiqkFSUFc2.M: Should we go out or eat in tonight?W: I am too tired to do any cooking.Q: What does the woman imply?A.She is not hungry.B.She wants to cook.C.She is not tired.D.She wants to dine out.【答案】D. She wants to dine out.【解读】这是一道推理题。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（共118分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.。

一、 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.W: Can you describe what you do?M: I wash office building windows. I go high up in the basket to reach the windows. Q: What is the man's job?A. A basketball player.A laundry worker.C. A window washer.A rock climber【答案】C. A window washer.【解析】这是一道事实细节题。

从对话中可知，男士清洗办公楼的窗户。

所以选项为C，他是个窗户清洁工。

关键词句：I wash office building windows；to reach the window.2.M: Should we go out or eat in tonight?W: I am too tired to do any cooking.Q: What does the woman imply?A.She is not hungry.B.She wants to cook.C.She is not tired.D.She wants to dine out.【答案】D. She wants to dine out.【解析】这是一道推理题。

2018年6月高考真题上海卷英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（本大题共10小题）1、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第21~30题A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex—the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it1（cause）by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time2we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, " Dr. Gaya Dowling. "What we can say is that this is3the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."The problem isn't just screens4, but also the way screens tempt kids （and adults）away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization（WHO）, these patterns of activity and restarise5habits we develop early in life. "What we really need to dois6（bring）back play for children, " says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. "This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime,while7（protect）sleep." Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents8complain about the role of screens in familylife are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016study9（conduct）by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids—10it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.二、选词填空（本大题共10小题）2、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第31~40题Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese（粤语） or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems1. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head". It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to2—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George Ⅲ sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to Chinato3 a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his4to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through5between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term—gōngyèhézuòshè—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "…all the soldiers6themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had7. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War Ⅱ. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and8storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind". The word's9to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but10to make it appear more Greek.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题）3、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第41~55题When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.1, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into2.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous（急剧的）3in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, butthe4have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' butthey're5the larger trend, " said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may beless6in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her7, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable"environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment hasthe8effect, the study said. In the first9, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more10and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model, a teenage boy might be thinking more11about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources, " the study said. But America is shifting more towardthe12model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education…families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully13has really sunk in."The14of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s （with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly）. Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirelythe15, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.A. ThereforeB. RatherC. MoreoverD. BesidesA. childhoodB. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthoodA. escapesB. endsC. decreasesD. changesA. minoritiesB. majoritiesC. massesD. amountsA. takingB. avoidingC. sendingD. missingA. interestedB. enviedC. relievedD. realizedA. emotionsB. surroundingsC. customsD. habitsA. wrongB. sameC. oppositeD. similarA. eventB. issueC. caseD. occasionA. troubleB. questionsC. benefitsD. diseasesA. respectivelyB. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerablyA. slowerB. betterC. smallerD. fasterA. emphasizedB. relatedC. organizedD. educatedA. implementB. postponementC. achievementD. paymentA. causeB. impactC. factD. result四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题）4、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（A篇）第56~59题Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies（加密货币） have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common.（In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project. ）In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum（银金矿）, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存） it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna（金枪鱼） you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape, " Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住） out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.(1) According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of the world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.(2) The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to "".A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency(3) What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.(4) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells5、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（B篇）第60~62题Moving a GiantThe logistics of excavating（挖掘） and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia（红杉）tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer（针叶树）TAL#NBSP stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I（had）lost enough sleep over this, " says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steel bars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags （shown in gray）. The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags（shown in white）waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home. (1) Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "TAL#NBSP stood in the way of"?A. Resisted.B. Balanced.C. Blocked.D. Promoted.(2) What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.(3) How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.6、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（C篇）第63~66题Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term "budget line" has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75 X, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept—one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics, which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of "budget line", consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There's nothing very complicated about this; in this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above—a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have ＄150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost ＄10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15（for total movie tickets）at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books—the number of books available in this example is 0.You can also graph the other extreme—all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost ＄15 and you have ＄150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have ＄0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.(1) Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.(2) What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.(3) Assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15, you have ＄150. Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.(4) What is the best title of this passage?A. Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B. The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD. The Complex Concept—Budget Line五、信息匹配（本大题共4小题）7、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第67~70题Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.1Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.2Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2.3Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.4The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects.B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.六、概要写作（本大题共1小题）8、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第71题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise（专业技能） in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.七、翻译（本大题共4小题）9、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第72题翻译我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。

2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共135分）听力部分听力部分共3页（第1题～第20题，共30分，为参考分）。

考试时间30分钟。

Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections.In Part A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers in your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.About 60. B.About 50. C.About 30. D.About 25.2.A.Her health. B.The classes she missed.C.The coming examination.D.The difficult lessons.3.A.Making an appointment. B.Deciding what to do.C.Checking the time.D.Going to class.4.A.She wants him to stay longer. B.She wishes he had left sooner.C.She knows he must go soon.D.She wants him to go now.5.A.Mother and child. B.Manager and customer.C.Teacher and student.D.Boss and clerk.6.A.Mother and father. B.Teacher and student.C.Two friends.D.Parent and child.7.A.She wonders why they can’t go for a walk.B.She doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C.She doesn’t want to go out with the man.D.She thinks it’s a good idea.8.A.In the morning. B.At an early age.C.Half an hour ago.D.At six o’clock.9.A.In a park. B.In a museum. C.In a zoo. D.In a pet store.10.A.Because of the size. B.Because of the colour.C.Because of the material.D.Because of the style.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections：In part B，you will hear two longer conversations.After each conversation，you will be asked two questions.The conversations will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question，read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation.11.A.She can’t fix the loose connector. B.She’s annoyed by a strange noise.C.She doesn’t like the screen.D.Her computer doesn’t work.12.A.The man is going over to the woman’s place.B.The problem is solved.C.The man doesn’t know what’s wrong with the computer.D.The computer is completely broken.Questions 13 and 14 are besed on the following conversation.13.A.A reporter. B.A school teacher.C.A traveller.D.A musician.14.A.To give more concerts. B.To travel abroad.C.To run a special school.D.To perform more beautifully.Part C PassagesDirections：In Part C，you will hear two short passages，and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question，read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15.A.She caught a butterfly. B.She set a butterfly free.C.She saw a butterfly flying away.D.She changed a butterfly into a fairy.16.A.Letting her have any wish she would like.B.Letting her go anywhere she would like.C.Making her rich.D.Making her popular in the neighborhood.17.A.How to help others. B.The secret life of a young girl.C.The true meaning of happiness.D.Beauty brings happiness.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18.A.Nurses. B.Doctors. C.Patients. D.Visitors.19.A.Having soft drinks. B.Listening to the hospital radio.C.Smoking in certain areas.D.Visiting patients in the morning.20.A.A music programme. B.A medical report.C. Hospital rules.D.A talk show.听力测试结束后，考生必须按照考试的要求，先将听力部分试题上交，然后开始笔试部分答题。