大一上英语笔记整理

大学体验英语综合教程1复习笔记Unit1 college life重点词汇详解1. approach [????????] v. 走近，接近n. ①道路②学习（研究方法）【例句】The approach of the CET Band-4 makes me nervous.大学英语四级考试的临近令我紧张不已。

【词组】at the approach of在……快到的时候；be approaching (to)与……差不多，大致相等【辨析】approach, approximate与nearapproach 表“接近、走近、靠近”的含义时，可指时间、地点接近，也可指接近某个人，还可表示“对待、处理”问题、任务、困难等。

approximate 意为“接近、大致为”，表示抽象意义上的接近时可与approach互换使用，比后者常用，只有在词组approximate to 中作vi.。

near 表“接近、临近”的含义，大多出现在文学作品中，指人或者空间、时间上的接近时可与approach互的使用。

【巧记】ap (to) +proach (near)→接近，靠近【词汇扩展】approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的【特别提示】注意approach 作动词用时，后不能跟to，作名词用表示“方法”则跟to。

如：a new approach to the study of English. 学习英语的新方法。

[错] We approached to the school.[对] We approached the school.我们快到学校了。

2. assurance [?????????] n. ①担保，确信②保险【例句】Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed.尽管他再三保证，但是借去的钱却始终没还。

大一英语怎么学有什么方法英语，是世界上应用最广泛的第二语言。

作为大学生特别是大一新生在大一做好学习英语的准备很有必要。

一起来看看大一学习英语的方法吧。

大一学习英语的方法一、读每天都应坚持读。

1、朗读：一般文章读2~3遍，带着理解去读，而不只是为读而读。

2、背诵：好的文章应背熟，以记住好词好句，同时培养自己的语感。

3、速读：文章第一遍用最快的速读完，以提高阅读速度和理解能力，并逐渐培养不翻译直接理解英文的能力。

4、精读：文章第二遍应精读，以达到对文章的准确理解，并熟悉语法结构，加深单词记忆。

也可选择部分文章速读，对于较好的文章精读。

5、泛读：每天看1小时左右的英文报纸，在有兴趣的基础上阅读能力会有很大提高。

遇到不会的单词在不影响文章理解的情况下可以略过去，从而提高自己的阅读速度。

如果想记忆单词，则可查词典，多次查阅记忆便能记住单词。

(坚持一两个月就会有明显效果)二、听1、从最初级的听力入手，听懂每个单词、每句话、每段话及每篇文章。

逐步增加难度。

每天至少半小时。

2、跟读英语，一方面加强听力，一方面训练口语，同时还能培养语感。

注意发音的准确性。

三、写1、每两天写一篇英文日记或作文。

2、用英语写信或E-mail。

3、注意语法的应用和词汇的记忆。

四、语法1、从基础到高级，掌握每一个语法点，并作详细笔记。

笔记所记的都是自己所会的，直到把所有语法细节都掌握。

2、对于不熟悉的语法知识点应反复复习运用，直到掌握为止。

五、词汇1、每天记忆10——15新单词，并复习前一天的旧单词。

对于生疏的旧单词，可记录下来，安排适当时间记忆。

2、所有单词记忆完一遍之后紧接着再记一遍，三四遍并不为多。

重复是记忆单词的最好方法，也是很多记忆的根本方法。

3、结合例句记忆单词，效果最佳。

记忆单词应注意力集中，六、练习1、大量的练习可以巩固所学知识。

2、通过练习可以提高阅读理解能力，增加词汇量，加强对语法的掌握。

觉，这不是能教会的，需要你自己摸索。

Unit 1Sentence Paraphrase and Language Study1.I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. (1)present participle as adverbial modifier Paraphrase: I walked next to my father, holding his right hand.clutch (1)vt. to hold sth. or sb. tightly, esp. because you are frightened, in pain, or do not want to lose somethingExamples: Tom fell to the ground, clutching his stomach.A woman clutching a baby stole an elderly woman’s purse.clutch at (2)to try hard to hold sth., esp. when you’re in a dange rous situation Example: A drowning man will clutch at a straw. (to try hard to find a sign of hope ora solution, even when they are not likely to exist in a difficult or dangerous situation)2. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. (1)“As” introduces an adverbial clause of reason. Paraphrase: But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.Cf. to throw sb. out of (a place): to force sb. to leave a place, e.g.They will throw me out of school if I fail three times.Nick got thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.Anyone who opposes the regime is liable to be thrown into jail/prison.More examples:The moment I saw him, I recognized he was the criminal the police were looking for. The year I was born, my father was working towards a PhD degree.The day Hans Christian Andersen returned to his hometown, almost all the people turned out to greet him.3. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. (2)present participle phrase, acting as adverbial of accompanying circumstancesParaphrase: My mother stood at the window watching our slow and difficult movement towards the school, and I looked back at her frequently, hoping she would stop my father taking me to school.More examples:We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms. (2) past participle phrase used here to modify “a street” and “fields” respectively. It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short. Paraphrase: We walked along a street, on both sides of which there are gardens and fields where crops, pears and date palms are planted.What is the language spoken in that area? = that is spokenThey are problems left over by history. = which have been left4. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. to make sb./sth. become …Examples:The army made a man of him.The four brothers all made a success of their lives.He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was that we were making a mountain out of a molehill (小题大做).5. I was not convinced. convince vt. to make sb. feel certain that sth. is true Examples:I couldn’t convince him of his mistake. How can I convince you of my sincerity?I managed to convince them that the story was true.a convincing argument convincing evidence6. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. (5)gerund as the object of the prepositiontear sb. away from: to (make sb.) leave a place unwillingly because one has to Paraphrase: I didn’t think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.More examples:1) We had difficulty in finding a parking lot. 2) I have no objection to hearing your story again.3) I’m not keen on gambling. I’m too afraid of losing. 4) There’s no point in waiting.There’s no good to be had in doing sth.=It’s no good/use doing sth. or There is no good/use doing sth.: It’s not useful to do sth.Examples:It’s no good crying spilt milk. (proverb)It’s no use talking to him.There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you don’t have enough spare time to use it.I don’t see there is any good to be had in downsizing the company.Related phrases:it is no (not much) goodit is no (not any, hardly any, little) useit is useless + doingit is not the slightest useit is worth (worthwhile)there is no (good, use)Example: There is no good denying that women are playing an important role in the world today.to tear oneself/sb. away from: to (make sb.) leave a place or a person unwillingly because one has to.Examples:Can’t you tear yourself away from the TV for dinner?The young artist couldn’t tear himself away from da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.7. Vast (1)a. extremely large; spreading a great distanceExamples:The vast plains of this country spread for hundreds of miles.He is very valuable to his employer because of his vast experience in the business. vast (2)Examples:The group of actors was brought from New York to London at vast expense.The refugees came across the border in vast numbers.The vast majority of young people don’t take drugs.8. I hesitated and clung to his hand, …to hold tightly; not release one’s grip on Examples:The little child clung to his mother for comfort.Some of the victims of the fire climbed out of the building, clung to the window ledges for a minute or two and then dropped to their death a hundred feet below. Collocations:cling to the belief; cling to the hope; cling to one’s own viewcling to the habit; cling to one’s possessions9. You will find me waiting for you when it’s time to leave. (7) find + obj + v-ing (object complement)Paraphrase: I’ll come to fetch you when school is over. I’ll be waiting for you here at the gate.More examples:1) When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud.2) I found a tree lying across the road.3) If she catches you reading her diary, she’ll be furious.4) His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.5) The words immediately set us all laughing.Note: Thi s structure is very common in verbs like “see, hear, feel, watch, notice.”10. Some of the children burst into tears.burst into:to begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing, etc. Example: Aunt Annabel, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst into tears.Collocations:As the comic got into his stride, the audience burst into hoots of laughter/a guffaw. The aircraft crashed into the hillside and burst into flames.The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight.The entire hall burst into thunderous cheers/applause.Everyone on the bus burst into song as we got closer to home.Similar expressions:As they left the club the revellers broke into song/loud curses.I mentioned the incident later to a tailor friend and he burst out laughing/crying.11. … from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. (11) Paraphrase:… on one side of the courtyard was a building with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen. Or: … from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.overlook: vt. a. to have a view of sth. from above; b. to fail to see or notice; pay no attention toExamples:Our room overlooks the ocean. My garden is overlooked by the neighbours. I’m afraid I overlooked your name; I’ll add it to the list immediately.I’ll overlook your mistake this time.12. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experience. Paraphrase: I had never thought life at school would be so colorful and interesting. variety (1) n. number or range of different thingsExamples:The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of colors.The students come from a variety of different backgrounds.variety (2) n. quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times Examples:There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.She didn’t like the work, because it lacked variety; she was doing the same things all the time.Variety is the spice of life. (=Doing a lot of different things, meeting different people, etc. is what makes life interesting.)Examples:1) Customs vary from country to country.2) Human nature, in all its many and varied forms, is very complex and hard to understand.3) Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best.4) There are wide regional variations in house price.5) There are too many variables in the experiment to predict the result accurately.6) Consumers’ preferences are so variable that planning is almost impossible.13. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and ….v. a. to spin around or make sth. spin around, on a central point; b. (fig.) to think aboutExamples:The metal disc revolves at high speed. The earth revolves round the sun.The story revolves around a young girl who runs away from home.He revolved the matter in his head/mind.18. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. (15)all: completely; fool around: to waste time instead of doing sth. that you should be doingParaphrase: What we did at school wasn’t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.a matter of: a subject/situation that involves sth.Examples:Learning is a matter of seeing much, suffering much and studying much.The King’s mental state was becoming a matter of c oncern.Personally I can’t stand rock music, but I suppose it’s all a matter of opinion.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.fool around/about: to waste time behaving in a silly wayExamples:He spent the whole afternoon just fooling around.Stop fooling around otherwise you’ll never amount to anything.Cf. He noticed a strange-looking person hanging about the bus stop.I hung around the station for an hour but he never showed up.The children lingered on at the zoo until the closing time.14. Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting.bring about: to make sth. happenExamples:Computers have brought about many changes in workplace.I offered to act as mediator and try to bring about a reconciliation between the two parties.That unpopular measure finally brought about the downfall of the government.give rise to: to be the reason why sth. esp. sth. bad or unpleasant happens Examples:Two phenomena are giving rise to world-wide concern—mass unemployment and mass migration into cities.Most people argued that poverty had given rise to the crimes in the town.15. … she would resort to physical punishment.resort to: to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solutionExamples:There is no righ t to resort to violence when you don’t get your way.Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.Differences and disputes should be resolved through dialogue and negotiation rather than by resorting to force or terrorist actions.16. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. (16) no possibility of Paraphrase: Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.There is no question (of sth. happening / sb. doing sth.): There is no possibility. Example: There is no question of their dismissing you at the moment.17. Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. (16) Paraphrase: We would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like. Or: The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.Nothing but: onlyRight now he thinks about nothing but his research. She ate nothing but an apple for lunch.18. Those who were (relative clause modifying “those”)able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. (relative clause modifying “opportunities”) (16)Paraphrase: If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.take advantage of: to use a particular situation to do or get what you wantExamples: I took advantage of the weather to paint the shed.Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you!More phrases:For certain types of work wood has/gains/wins advantages over plastic.New tax regulations had given them an advantage over their commercial rivals.You have the advantage of me. Candidates with computer skills will be at an advantage.Do take more exercise. It is to your advantage.present (1)v. (reflex) to appear; attendExamples:When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it.He was ordered to present himself at the chairman’s office at nine o’clock next morning.present (2) v. a. to give; offer; put forward; submit; b. to show or reveal; c. to put on; produce (a play)Examples:David’s manager presented him with the award for best sales in the region.His sudden resignation presents us with a tricky situation.The National Theatre is presenting “King Lear” next month.19. I looked around bu t found no trace of my father.trace (1) n. a. a small sign that shows that sb.or sth. was present or existed; b. very small amountIt vanished/disappeared/without trace. Petra’s lost all trace of her German accent. Age has left its traces on his face. There are traces of poison in the man’s blood.A mere trace of smile passed over her face.trace (2)v. a. to follow the marks to find sb. or sth.; b. to find the origin of sth.c. to study or describe the history, development or progress of sth. Examples:She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.His book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women. 20. How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? (17)to arrive or get to a placeParaphrase: How did the street come to be covered with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from?find one’s way to:to arrive or get to a placeExamples:After being lost for two days, the little dog finally found its way back to its owner’s house.Because of the dense fog, the traveller couldn’t find his way to his camp.Related phrases:make one’s way to/towards the door bow her way out of the roompush her way out of the hall shoulder her way through the crowdworm his way into the organization beg her way back homeinch one’s way up the mountain21. Here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets. (17) an inverted sentence due to long subjectParaphrase: Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.More examples: 1) There are some exceptions to this reaction.2) Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it. 3) There goes the bell.4) In no case should we waste our time. 5) Away hurried the customers.show off: a. to attract attention to; b. to try to impress people and make them admire your abilities, achievements or possessionExamples:It was said that Mrs. Perkins only went to church to show off her new clothes.She was always at any function or gathering where her accomplishments could be shown off.Pay no attention to Susan—she’s just showing off.22. Then there was a band announcing the opening of a circus, with clowns and weight lifters walking in front. (17) “With+n.+doing” construction is used adverbially modifying “announcing”.Paraphrase: Then there was a band that was announcing the opening of a circus. The clowns and weight lifters were walking in its front.More examples:1) He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.)2) Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle)3) She can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do)4) He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (with + n. + adv.)23. I was in a daze. n. a confused state of mind; v. to make (sb.) feel stupid or unable to think clearlyExamples: I’ve been wandering around in a daze all day.If someone gave you a heavy blow on the head, you would probably feel dazed.Dazed survivors staggered from the wreckage.24…, but the stream of cars would not let up.let up: a. to stop or become less strong or serious; b. to slacken one’s efforts Examples: When will the rain let up?Keep plodding away at your task, no matter how difficult it is; don’t let up on it.Unit 2Sentence Paraphrase and Language Study1．They were dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the grey, cold spring of New York vanished behind them.dream of/about: to imagine and think about sth. that you would like to happenExamples:1) The girl dreamed of becoming a movie star.2) Some thought it was the breakthrough scientists had dreamed of.3) He's got the sort of money that you and I can only dream about.vanish: v. to disappear suddenly, esp. in a way that cannot easily be explained Examples:1) I turned around again, the boy had vanished.2) It is a bad idea to let Tom Cruise vanish for almost an hour in the middle of his picture.3) Many species in South America have vanished completely.Cf. varnish, tarnish, furnishvarnish: to cover with 给······涂清漆1) He varnished the wooden table. 2) After he fixed the shelf, he varnished the whole to a high shine.tarnish: (esp. of metal surfaces) to lose; cause the loss of brightness （尤指金属表面）使失去光泽1) The damp atmosphere has tarnished the gilt. 2) His reputation is tarnished. furnish: to supply or provide; put furniture in1)The records furnished the information required.2)The president’s office is tastefully furnished with modern furniture.2. As the bus passed through New Jersey, …pass through: to go through a town, etc., perhaps stopping there for a short time, but not stayingExamples:1) As they passed through the flooded areas, they felt bad.2) We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind.3) We were just passing through (= travelling through a place) and thought we'd drop in to see you.pass (a place): to go past a place without enteringExamples:1) On her way to work she passed a supermarket. 2) We passed a group of students outside the theatre. 3) I pass the sports centre on the way to work.3. His fingers were stained from cigarettes …stain:v. a. to accidentally make a mark on sth. esp. one that cannot be removed; b. to change the color of sth., especially sth. made of wood, by using a special liquid (Syn. dye)Examples:1) This tablecloth stains very easily. 2) Her fingers were stained yellow from years of smoking.3) Stain the table before you varnish it.Collocations:stain sb.’s name/reputation/honor; stain with; leave a stain; blood/ink/wine stain; a stain on sb.’s character/reputation; remove/get rid of a stain; stubborn stainsExamples:1) A sudden gust of rain dashed against the red bricks that were already stained inpatches by water.2) Her fingers were stained with dirt, her nail varnish chipped.3) How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth? 4) There was a dark red stain on the carpet.5) Water is a miraculous substance remover; it will remove probably 85 percent of all stains.5. He sat in complete silence and seemed completely unaware of the existence of the others.in+n.: to show a state or conditionunaware of: not knowing or realizing that sth. is happening or that sth. exists Paraphrase: He sat without saying anything as if he did not know there were other people around.4. …, the bus pulled into a Howard Johnson’s restaurant ….pull into: (of a vehicle) to arrive at (a station); move in towardsExamples:1) They will pull into the station at 7 sharp. 2) Let’s pull into the parking lot and have a rest.3) The train pulled into the station on the stroke of 12.Opposite—pull out:if a train pulls out, it leaves a stationExamples:1) The three-thirty is pulling out of platform four. 2) We got there just as the train was pulling out.7. The young people began to wonder about him, ….wonder about/at: to feel curious about; be doubtful aboutExamples:1) John says he didn’t do it, but I am still wondering about that.2) Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.3) He wondered at her ability never to reveal the slightest disquiet in front of her husband.5.… she decided to engage him in a conversation.engage sb. in: to make sb. take part in sth.Examples:1) She tried to engage her roommate in a philosophical discussion.2) They spoke little about life outside the organization despite my efforts to engage them in conversation about it.3) They engaged him in a new project.6.The girl insisted that he join them. (Para. 5) subjunctive mood, "should" isdropped outinsist: demand that sth. should happenAfter the verbs expressing a command, decision, suggestion, such as decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, advise, determine, desire, resolve, urge, etc, in that-clause we usu. use subjunctive mood “(should) do sth.”.More examples in ppt.7. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence.retreat into/to: to yield; move back toExamples:1) The soldiers were ordered to retreat to safer positions.2) At last we forced the enemy to retreat into the mountains from the town.3) More and more she retreated into books.Collocations:retreat into oneself 不与人交往，离群索居retreat into one’s shell 变得缄默，不愿与人接触retreat into fantasy 退避到梦幻世界8．…, and that if she can’t stand it, …stand: v. a. to bear, tolerate; b.to be or stay in a particular state or condition; c.to be proved to be true, correct, useful, etc. when testedcan't stand the heat (room)stand idle stand wear and tear (door)stand open stand up under close scrutiny stand up well to cross-checking Patterns：can't stand (sb./sth.) doing sth.can't stand to do sth.can't stand the sight/thought, etc. ofExamples: I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.She can't stand to hear her parents arguing about her personal affairs.I know he can't stand the sight of me. She couldn't stand the thought of losing her children.a music stand乐谱架 a fruit stand水果摊 a stand for taxi出租汽车停车处make one’s stand clear表明立场come to a stand陷于停顿international stand国际地位standing committee/army常务委员会／常备军standing joke／jest老笑话take/make/mount a stand against sth. 反抗，抵抗9. She’s a wo nderful woman, really something—and forget about me.something: n. a thing or a person of some value or importanceExamples: He considers himself to be something, but actually he is nothing.She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest. Collocations: make something of yourself (= to become successful )be (really/quite) something(= spoken used to say that something is very good and impressive)there's something in/to something(= used to admit that someone's words are true or their ideas are successful, etc.)Examples: He looked like a man who might be able to make something of himself if a good woman took him in hand.Running your own company at 21 is really something.They had to concede that there was something in his teaching methods.forget about: a. to lose remembrance of; fail to keep in memory; fail to recall; b. to stop thinking or worrying about someone or something; c. not to care about or give attention to someone or something any longerExamples: She forgot all about their anniversary.Once they have money, some people forget about all their old friends.I'd completely forgotten about our bet until Bill reminded me.10. …, when I was sure the parole was coming through I wrote her again.come through: to arrive as expectedExamples: Has the train come through?We're still waiting for our exam results to come through.There is news just coming through of an explosion in a chemical factory.11. ... Soon all of them were caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children.be/get caught up in: to be completely absorbed in or get involved inExamples:I was caught up in conversation with a friend when someone knocked at the door.I am painfully aware of how we get caught up in our times and become contaminated by our own hypocrisy.I didn't want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.approach: v. to move towards or nearer to someone or somethingExamples: I heard footsteps approaching.Everyone prepared celebrations as the year 2000 approached.As I approached the forest, a hare ran out of the trees.Translation: He is hard to approach. 他很难接近。

学习词汇笔记1-1学习词汇注意的问题1、单词的英文解释和例句例：The oppressed ____ freedom. [ A ]A. demandB. requireC. requestoppress→op+presspress 挤，压→pressure 压力op=against因此oppressed为“压迫”的意思→oppressed 被压迫的the+形容词表示一类人“被压迫的人____自由”那么ABC选项应选择什么？这题就暴露出一个问题：我们是按汉语记单词的，ABC的中文意思中都有“要求”的意思。

但是汉语只能大概的描述英文，不能百分之百的精准的解释英文。

我们看一下ABC的英文解释：demand：ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.强烈地要求，并不情愿接受拒绝require：the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.统治者期望自己的命令规定会被遵守。

（如老师要求你完成作业，老板要求你完成工作）request：ask for politely.礼貌地要求单词的例句有两点好处：1）一个好的例句是最能准确说明单词最本源含义的句子2）给写作文的时候打下扎实的基础“不满意”怎么说呢？第一想到satisfied→content大部分单词我们只能达到认识（第一重境界），却达不到会运用（第二重境界）2、单词的熟词生意late“死亡”house“坐落于”，如Beijing neworiental school is housed in Haidian district.tell“我能够看出来”正确的英文怎么说？I can tell.brave“勇敢地面对”，如国歌中的“冒着敌人的炮火，前进，前进，前进进”brave the enemies' gunfire, march on, march on, march on, on, on...3、单词的发音语音的基础是一个单词一个单词地读postcard名信片，我们对单词的发音，并不敏感，只对单词的拼写和中文意思敏感pig，第一反应就是“猪”建设每天花5分钟时间跟读单词，读准后再背单词，这样单词才会背得立体1-2词汇的记忆方法一、形象化记忆词汇的方法人们对于图像的存储速度要远远高于对于语言符号的存储速度。

大一知识点梳理笔记手写大一学习生涯对于每位大学生而言都是一个全新的阶段，充满了新鲜和挑战。

在这一年里，我们学习了众多的知识点，为了更好地整理和回顾这些知识，我决定进行知识点的梳理，并以手写方式记录下来，以便更好地复习和巩固。

接下来，我将分享我大一知识点梳理的笔记，供大家参考。

一、数学1.1 高等数学大一的数学课程是高等数学，其中包含了微积分和线性代数两个部分。

一、微积分微积分是数学的一个重要分支，分为导数和积分两个方向。

1）导数- 导数的定义和符号表示- 基本函数的导数公式- 导数的运算法则- 高阶导数- 导数的几何意义2）积分- 不定积分和定积分的概念- 基本函数的不定积分公式- 定积分的性质和计算方法- 牛顿—莱布尼茨公式二、线性代数线性代数是数学的另一个重要分支，主要研究线性方程组和向量空间。

1）向量和矩阵- 向量的定义和运算法则- 矩阵的定义和运算法则- 矩阵的转置、逆和秩2）线性方程组- 线性方程组的定义和解的判定- 高斯消元法和矩阵的初等变换- 矩阵的列、行和秩1.2 离散数学离散数学是一门独立的数学学科，强调离散元素的集合和离散关系的结构。

主要包含了集合论、排列组合和图论等内容。

- 集合论：集合的定义、表示和基本运算- 排列组合：排列、组合和二项式定理- 图论：图的基本概念、路径和回路、连通图和树二、物理物理是自然科学的一门重要学科，主要研究物体的运动规律和物质的性质。

1.1 力学力学是物理学的一个重要分支，主要包括了牛顿运动定律和万有引力定律等内容。

- 牛顿运动定律：第一定律、第二定律和第三定律- 万有引力定律：质点之间的引力和行星运动规律- 动量和能量：动量的定义、动量守恒定律、功和能量守恒定律1.2 电磁学电磁学是物理学中的另一个重要分支，研究电荷和电磁场的相互作用。

- 静电学：库仑定律、电场的定义和性质- 磁学：磁场的定义和性质、洛伦兹力- 电磁感应：法拉第定律、安培环路定理和电磁感应的应用三、计算机科学计算机科学是一个涉及计算机系统、算法和编程的学科，大一的计算机学习主要集中在编程基础和数据结构上。

大一英语句式知识点笔记在大一英语学习中，学生将会接触到各种不同的句子结构和用法。

了解并熟练运用这些句式是提高英语写作和口语表达能力的关键。

以下是一些常见的英语句式知识点，供大一学生参考和学习。

1. 主语+动词+宾语(S-V-O)这是英语中最基本的句子结构，主语执行动作或状态，宾语接受动作或状态。

例如：I love English.2. 主语+系动词+表语(S-V-C)系动词连接主语和表语，用来描述主语的状态或特征。

例如：She is beautiful.3. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S-V-IO-DO)有些动词需要同时带有间接宾语和直接宾语，间接宾语表示动作的接受对象或者受益者，而直接宾语是动作的直接对象。

例如：She gave me a book.4. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S-V-O-C)宾语补足语修饰或说明宾语，通常用来描述或补充宾语的特征。

例如：They made him their captain.5. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语+to do(S-V-O-C-Infinitive)动词后面接不定式，表示将来发生的动作。

例如：We wanthim to come to the party.6. There be句型There be句型用来描述某地或某物存在或发生的情况。

例如：There is a book on the table.7. 被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态用于强调动作的承受者或者对象。

被动语态的结构为：be动词+过去分词。

例如：The book was written by him.8. if引导的条件句if引导的条件句用来表达假设、条件或者可能性。

条件句通常由一个条件从句和一个结果从句组成。

例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.9. 强调句强调句用于强调一个特定的人或物。

强调句的结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that（who/whom）。

大一英语知识点笔记大一英语知识点笔记1. 语法：● 现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，主要有三种时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时。

● 过去时：表示发生在过去的动作或状态，主要有三种时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时。

● 将来时：表示将来发生的动作或状态，分为：一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时。

● 被动语态：指动作的承受者代替动作的执行者出现在主语的位置上，结构为“be + 动词的过去分词”，也叫被字句式。

2. 动词：● 助动词：一般有 can 、could 、may 、might 、must 、should 、shall 、will 、would 、ought to 等。

● 及物动词：具有使役动词性质的词，表示能使另一个名词作句子的成分，如work、make、do、have、take、give、buy、sell等。

● 不及物动词：表示自身动作的动词，即独立的，不能使用另一个名词作句子的成分，如sleep、walk、jump、rain等。

3. 名词：● 不可数名词：指表示物质或抽象的事物的名词，它们不可分成若干单位，如water水，bread面包，success成功，happiness幸福，energy能量等。

● 可数名词：指表示物质或抽象的事物的名词，可以分成若干单位，如cat猫，book书，idea想法，friend朋友，subject科目等。

4. 冠词：● 定冠词：表示某一特定的人或事物，具体指特指某个人或物，如the book这本书，the girl那个女孩。

● 不定冠词：表示一类人或物，但未特指一个，如a book一本书，a man一个人。

5. 介词：介词是用来表达各种关系的词，如in表示在……之中，on表示在……之上，at表示在……之旁，for表示作用，of表示……的，with表示伴随等。

6. 连词：● 并列连词：用来连接两个并列的句子或并列的词，如and和or。

郑州市高中英语必修一Unit1TeenageLife知识汇总笔记单选题1、He recommended that we________ a record of what we saw.A．would keepB．could keepC．must keepD．should keep答案：D考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

句意：他建议我们把所看到的记录下来。

分析句子可知，recommend（建议）后用that引导宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，构成should do结构，should可以省略。

故选D项。

2、With the number of COVID-19 cases being confirmed at an increasing rate across the country, it’s natural to feel ________ and even scared. A．discountedB．confusedC．impressedD．alarmed答案：D考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：随着全国新冠肺炎确诊病例的增加，感到担心甚至害怕是很自然的。

A. discounted 已折扣的；B. confused困惑的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. alarmed担心的，害怕的。

结合句意及空后的scared可知，alarmed符合语境。

故选D项。

3、The singer fell in love with Mozart’s music when he sang for the college choir.从句中主语是：A．The singerB．Mozart’s musicC．heD．the college choir答案：C考查句子成分分析。

句意：这位歌手在大学唱诗班演唱时爱上了莫扎特的音乐。

分析可知，本句是含有时间状语从句的复合句。

when为时间状语从句的引导词，he为从句的主语，sang为谓语，for the college choir为状语。

循环英语笔记大一下知识点一、词汇1. 同义词：- big：large, huge, massive- small：little, tiny, miniature- good：excellent, great, outstanding- bad：terrible, awful, horrible2. 反义词：- hot：cold- happy：sad- fast：slow- easy：difficult3. 常用短语：- go to bed：睡觉- have breakfast/lunch/dinner：吃早餐/午餐/晚餐- do homework：做作业- take a shower：洗澡- on the weekend：在周末二、语法1. 时态：- 一般现在时：I eat breakfast every day.- 过去式：She danced at the party last night.- 现在进行时：They are playing football in the park. - 将来时：We will travel to Europe next month.2. 名词：- 可数名词：a cat, two books- 不可数名词：water, milk3. 形容词：- 用法：I am tall. He has a blue car.- 比较级和最高级：This book is more interesting than that one. - 形容词作定语和表语：The happy girl is singing.三、阅读1. 短文理解：根据给定短文回答问题。

- 选项判断：根据给定选项判断句子正误。

- 完形填空：选择适当的词填入空格中，使句子通顺合理。

2. 阅读技巧：- 扫读：快速浏览短文，获取整体信息。

- 精读：仔细阅读，理解文章细节和意义。

- 划重点：将文章中重要的信息标记出来。

Unit 9canvas (n.)油画，画布frame (n.)框onlooker (n.) 观众==audiencehumidity (n.)潮湿conservator (n.)保护者stimulation (n.) ==reproduction（仿造物）curator (n.)--博物馆馆长poplar (n.)--白杨cottonwood (n.) 杨木gesso (n.)--石膏calcium carbonate (n.) --碳酸钙barium sulfate (n.)--硫酸钡primer (n.)--底漆batten (n.) 板条--woodmahogany (n.)--red woodgrain (n.) 谷物infrared photography (n.)（红外线摄影）emissiography (n.)（发射学）skepticism (n.)--怀疑论（怀疑的态度）restoration (n.)修复institute (n.)--研究所，学院dime-store (n.) 一角商店magnate (n.)--大资本家resolution (n.)清晰度，分辨率pixel (n.)像素precision (n.)精确度hookup (n.) 连接；转播anonymity (n.)匿名Anonymous--adj.inventory (n.)存货清单capsule (n.)胶囊；航天舱shuttle fleet (n.)航天飞机车队（shuttle-往来于两地之间的航班等）staple (n.)主食fix (n.)一剂（量）real estate (n.)不动产，土地upkeep (n.)保养，维修condo (n.)各户有独立产权的公寓（大楼）lock-in (n.)占据spotlight (n.)聚光灯（turns ~ on）balance beam (n.)平衡木rematch (n.)（尤指因首轮未决出胜负）重赛，复赛pavilion (n.)临时建筑物；大型文体馆；看台marathon (n.)马拉松赛跑referee (n.)裁判员stopwatch (n.)（赛跑等记时用的）秒表，跑表host (n.)主人；东道主scorecard (n.) 记分卡myth (n.)神话expenditure (n.)花费；消耗dune (n.)由风吹积成的）沙丘cube (n.)立方体rod (n.)杆porcupine (n.)豪猪quill (n.)刺filament (n.)长丝，单纤维dandelion (n.)蒲公英installation (n.)安装；装置cobblestone (n.)鹅卵石Ferris wheel (n.)大观览车；摩天轮alternating current (n.)交流电；prototype (n.)原型porcelain (n.)瓷，瓷器tile (n.)瓦片，瓷砖chinaware (n.)陶瓷器fruition (n.)完成，实现；取得成果aesthetic (n.)美的；艺术的；审美的vanguard (n.)先锋，前锋；先驱，领导者showcase (v.)展示（优点)dispel (v.)消除（疑虑等）cobble (v.)粗劣地制作pierce (v.)刺穿，戳穿；刺破sway (v.)摇摆encounter (v.)遭遇；偶遇track (v.)跟踪；追踪…的动向resume (v.)重新开始，继续；重新回到，恢复obligate (v.)使（在法律或道义上）负有责任或义务；对…施以恩惠acclaim (v.)称赞，表扬amount to (v.)共计；意味着capture (v.)引起（注意、想象、兴趣）generate (v.)形成，造成sprout up (v.)涌现globalise (v.)全球化represent (v.)代表；象征clad (v.)用金属包被的allude to (v.)暗示fabricate (v.)编造；制造，组装Fabricated == fictionalassemble (v.)聚集，收集；组装orient (v.)标定方向metropolitan area (n.)大城市区域；城区reverse (v.)倒退（adj）反面的；颠倒的Unit 10River Thames泰晤士河gallery (n.)画廊stretch (n.)拉伸landmark (n.)地标Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特大教堂the Tower 塔楼boundary (n.) 边界procession (n.) 游行队伍borough (n.)Town or district within a larger town(自治市镇）meridian (n.)子午线radius (n.)半径距离reconstruction (n.)重建reign (n.)统治sculpture (n.)雕塑widow (n.)寡妇armour (n.)装甲pottery (n.)陶器miniature (n.)微型registry office (n.) 登记处best man (n.)伴郎identification (n.)标识transit (n.)过境privilege (n.)特权bureaucrat (n.)官僚--bureau--局/办公室bikini比基尼rig (n.)钻车kilt (n.)苏格兰短裙bagpipe (n.)风笛tartan (n.)格子呢badge (n.)徽章tattoo (n.)纹身intersect (v.)交叉，相交,交流adhere to (v.) （+ doing ath--坚持做）buckle (v.)--褶皱flake (v.) 剥落（~ + off)warp (v.) 弯曲assess (v.) 评估withstand (v.) （stand，bear）snap back (v.)（迅速恢复）contract (v.)【opp：expand】crack (v.) --break（破裂）brace (v.)（be braced with)支撑，加固condense (v.)--凝结drip (v.) --滴下swell (v.) 膨胀，肿胀split (v.) 分离，分开season (v.)（使）木材风干，晒干fluctuate (v.)--波动intrigue (v.)（激起某人的好奇心）verify (v.)核实；证明resolve (v.) 辨析，分辨crop (v.)有收成；收割；discard (v.)丢弃，抛弃dock (v.)（使）在太空对接ration (n.) 定量（v.）限量供应(restrict) orbit (v.)在…轨道上运行applaud (v.)鼓掌inherit (v.)继承（v.）execute (v.)执行（v.）sunbathe (v.)日光浴sparkle (v.)闪光enroll (v.)注册elastic (a.)--flexiblecrisscrossed (a.)交叉的undeterred (a.)【un+ deter(害怕）】--未受阻的vulnerable (a.)--脆弱的，易受伤的resilient (a.) 复原力superimposed (a.)叠加variable (a.)变化的pliant (a.)能适应的humid (a. )潮湿的fanatic (a.)狂热分子premium (a.)高价的，（n--保险费）mandatory (a.)==compulsory (a.)==obligatory (a.) quarterly (a.)季度的low-end (a.)低档的conspicuous (a.)显眼的，引人注目的undetectable (a.)无法觉察的corrective (a.)改正的belated (a.)来得很迟的vital (a.)必要的，至关重要的bulk (a.)大宗的compressed (a.) 压缩的Vs oppressoff-the-shelf (a.)现成的，买来不用改就用的corporate (a.)公司的；法人的(n.组织）imposing (a.)印象深刻的lavish (a.)过分慷慨的representational (a.)具象派的curved (a.)弧形的，曲线的playful (a.)闹着玩的；爱玩的transparent (a.)透明的；易懂的；易识破的innovative (a.)革新的；创新的fiber-optic (a.)光导纤维的botanic (a.)植物的，植物学的striking (a.)显著的；引人注目的visual (a.)视觉的ultimate (a.)最后的pronounced (a.) （obvious)cubelike立方的solemn (a.) 庄严的prehistoric (a.)史前generous (a.)慷慨。