动词的过去式、三单形式、现在分词的构成规则

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
1、一般情况下动词词尾加 -ed 如 work ---worked工作 play---played 玩耍5----wanted 想
要 act----acted 扮演
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词 动词词尾加 -d如 live---lived居住 move----moved移动
taste---tasted品尝 hope---hoped 希望
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词把-y变为-i 再加-ed如 study---studied学习 copy---copied 复
制 cry---cried 哭喊 carry---carried 携带
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写词尾辅音字母再加 -ed如 stop ---stopped 停
止
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强须多加记忆。 go – went 去 make – made制造 get –
got到达 buy – bought购买 come - came 来到 fly-flew 飞
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1把动词原形中的i改为a变成过去式。如 begin—began开始drink—drank喝give—gave
付出给ring—rang包围 sing—sang唱sit—sat坐swim—swam游泳
2把重读开音节中的i改为o变成过去式。如 drive—drove驾驶ride—rode骑write—wrote
写
3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew变成过去式。如 draw—drew画grow—grew生长know
—knew知道throw—threw仍动词show除外show—showed展示
4动词原形中的e改为o变成过去式。如 get—got得到forget—forgot 忘记
5动词原形中的ee改为e变成过去式。如feed—fed送给meet—met遇见
6动词原形中的eep改为ept变成过去式。如 keep—kept保持sleep—slept睡觉sweep—swept
打扫
7动词原形中的eak改为oke变成过去式。如 break—broke打破speak—spoke 说话
8动词原形中的ell改为old变成过去式。如 sell—sold卖tell—told 告诉
9动词原形中的an改为oo变成过去式。如 stand—stood站立understand—understood 明白
10以ought和aught结尾且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如 bring—brought拿来buy— bought
买think—thought想catch—caught捕捉teach—taught 教
11以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如 can—could能 shall—should应该
will—would 将要
12把动词原形中的o改为a变成过去式。如 come—came来become—became成为
13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式并且发生音变。如 hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕听 say
〔sei〕—said〔sed〕说mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕想要
14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如 let—let阻碍must—must必须put—put放置read—
read〔red〕阅读
15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如 amis—was是are—were是build—built建立do
—did做eat—ate吃fall—fell砍伐feel—felt感觉find—found找到fly—flew飞go—went去
have has— had有hold—held保持leave—left离开 make—made制造may—might可能run
—ran跑see—saw看take—took拿走
过去式“-ed”的发音规则 
1动词词尾为“td”时发/ id /音 want →wanted 要need →needed 需要 
2动词词尾为清辅音时发/ t / 音。 help →helped 帮助laugh →laughed 笑look →
looked 看 kiss →kissed 吻wash →washed 洗 watch →watched 注视 
3动词词尾为td以外之浊辅音或元音时发/ d /音。 call →called 叫stay→stayed 停留
cry→cried 哭
work ------ working
sleep ------ sleeping
cook ------- cooking
动词现在分词构成规则
一.直接在动词后面加-ing
1. do-doing 做 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱
6. drink-drinking 喝 7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching
看 11. draw-drawing 画 12. fly-flying 飞 13. open-opening 打开14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16.
paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking 捡 18. play-playing 玩 19. garden-gardening 做园艺工作 20.
talk-talking 说话 21. cook-cooking 烹饪 22. see-seeing 看见 23. learn-earning 学习 24. catch-catching 抓
住 25. climb-climbing 爬 26. count-counting 数数 27. clean-cleaning 打扫 28. fish-fishing 钓鱼
二.动词变现在分词 以不发音的e 结尾的去e 加-ing 1. come – coming 来 2. dance - dancing 跳舞
3. close - closing 关 4. make – making 制造 5. ride – riding 骑 6. write - writing 写 7. take - taking 拿
走 8. phone - phoning 打电话 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9. move – moving 移动 搬 10. have – having 有
11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking
三.动词变现在分词 重读闭音节双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing 1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop -
hopping 单脚跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut – cutting 切 6 . put – putting
放 7get-getting 得到 8.shop-shopping 购物 9.skip-skipping 跳绳 10.begin-beginning 开始
11.forget-forgetting 忘记 12.stop-stopping 停止 13.travel-travelling 旅行
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如 ①stop
stops [s]停止 ; makemakes [s] 制造 ②readreads [z] 阅读; playplays [z] 玩耍
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的要先将“y”变为“i”然后在加“es”读[iz] 如 flyflies [z]
飞 carrycarries [z] 携带 studystudies [z]学习; worryworries担心
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的在词尾加“es”发音为[iz] 如 teachteaches [iz]教; watchwatches
[iz] 观看
4、以“o”结尾的动词加“es”读[z] 如 gogoes [z] 去dodoes [z] 做
下面几个动词变为单数时原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化请注意记忆。 如
1、do [du:]does [dΛz] 做
2、say [sei]says [sez] 说 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词如果尾音是[s][z]时加“s”后字
母“e”发音 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。 如 closecloses [iz] be动词包括am is are。
第三人称单数用 is 过去式为 was复数用are过去式为were.