2013年湖北文理学院专升本数据结构专升本考试大纲

2007--2012年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业招生计划、考试科目、参考教材和录取分数线2012年湖北文理学院普通专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业招生人数、考试科目、参考教材、录取分数：招生人数：302012年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业考试科目英语+高等数学+机械设计基础2012年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业参考教材1、《高等数学》（第四、五版）同济大学数学教研室主编高等教育出版社2、《高等数学》（本科少学时类型）同济大学应用数学系编高等教育出版社3、《高等数学》上海市高等专科学校《高等数学编写组》上海科学技术出版社；1、杨可桢，程光蕴，李仲生.机械设计基础（第五版）．北京：高等教育出版社，2006 2、朱家诚，王纯贤主编.机械设计基础.合肥：合肥工业大学出版社.2012年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业录取分数线及要求各招生专业在最低控制分数线上按招生计划数从高分到低分录取；总分相同的考生，《大学英语》单科成绩高者排序在前。

英语专业考生《综合英语》成绩高者排序在前。

计划录满为止。

录取最高分数278 录取最低分数 1692011年湖北文理学院普通专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业招生人数、考试科目、参考教材、录取分数：招生人数：202011年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业考试科目英语+高等数学+机械设计基础2011年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业参考教材高等数学：1、《高等数学》（第四、五版）同济大学数学教研室主编高等教育出版社；2、《高等数学》（本科少学时类型）同济大学应用数学系编高等教育出版社；3、《高等数学》上海市高等专科学校《高等数学编写组》上海科学技术出版社；机械设计基础 :1、杨可桢，程光蕴，李仲生.机械设计基础（第五版）．北京：高等教育出版社,2006;2、朱家诚，王纯贤主编.机械设计基础.合肥：合肥工业大学出版社;2010年湖北文理学院普通专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业招生人数、考试科目、参考教材、录取分数：招生人数：152010年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业考试科目英语+高等数学+机械设计基础2008年湖北文理学院普通专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业招生人数、考试科目、参考教材、录取分数：招生人数：102008年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业考试科目英语+高等数学+机械设计基础2008年湖北文理学院专升本机械设计制造及其自动化专业参考教材高等数学参考书目： 1、《高等数学》（第四、五版）同济大学数学教研室主编高等教育出版社 2、《高等数学》（本科少学时类型）同济大学应用数学系编高等教育出版社 3、《高等数学》上海市高等专科学校《高等数学编写组》上海科学技术出版社机械设计基础主要参考书目 1、机械设计基础．杨可桢，程光煦，李仲生．高等教育出版社， 2、朱家诚，王纯贤主编.《机械设计基础》.合肥：合肥工业大学出版社. 3、周开勤主编.《机械零件手册》（第五版）. 北京：高等教育出版社. 《大学英语》（修订版）（上海外语教育出版社）（精读1－3册）；《大学英语》（修订版）（上海外语教育出版社）（听力1－3册）；《大学英语》（修订版）（上海外语教育出版社）（快速阅读1－3册）。

2014年-2015年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业招生人数、录取分数线及考试
科目
2014年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业招生计划详情
招生院校：湖北文理学院招生人数：35（备注：该招生人数为教育厅下发通
知时公布的招生计划，大部分学校最终会根据报考人数进行计划调整）
2014年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业考试科目
大学英语+管理学+ 经济学原理
2014年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业参考教材
正在整理...
2014年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业录取分数线及要求
市场营销录取分数线: 总分>=181,按总分从高到低录取,总分相同的按英语成绩排名录取，录满为止。

2015年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业招生计划详情
招生院校：湖北文理学院招生人数：45（备注：该招生人数为教育厅下发通
知时公布的招生计划，大部分学校最终会根据报考人数进行计划调整）
2015年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业考试科目
英语+管理学+微观经济学
2015年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业参考教材
1、大学英语有听力，考纲见湖北专升本网；
2、《管理学》第三版，周三
多主编，高等教育出版社；杨文士、张雁主编《管理学原理》，中国人民大学出
版社，2004；3、1、《经济学原理微观经济学分册》第五版，曼昆著，梁小民、
梁砾译，北京大学出版社；《西方经济学》第二版，许纯祯、吴宇晖、张东辉编，
高等教育出版社。

2015年湖北文理学院专升本市场营销专业录取分数线及要求录取最低分数：181。

数学专升本考试大纲一般包括以下内容：
一、考试科目与内容
1. 科目：高等数学
2. 内容：
（1）函数、极限、连续
（2）一元函数微分学
（3）一元函数积分学
（4）多元函数微分学
（5）多元函数积分学
（6）无穷级数
（7）常微分方程
二、考试形式与试卷结构
1. 考试形式：闭卷、笔试。

2. 试卷结构：
（1）题型：选择题、填空题、计算题、证明题等。

（2）题量：根据实际情况而定。

（3）难易比例：基础题占70%左右，中等难度题占20%左右，难题占10%左右。

三、考试时间与分值
1. 考试时间：一般为120分钟。

2. 分值：满分一般为100分或150分。

四、考试范围与要求
1. 考试范围：一般涵盖高等数学的主要内容，但也有一些差异，具体应根据不同学校的考试大纲来确定。

2. 考试要求：要求学生掌握基本的数学概念、理论和方法，能够运用所学知识解决实际问题，具备一定的逻辑思维和推理能力。

五、参考教材与资料
1. 教材：一般使用本科数学教材，如《高等数学》等。

2. 资料：可参考一些数学参考书籍、习题集等。

需要注意的是，不同学校的数学专升本考试大纲可能会有所不同，具体应以学校发布的官方信息为准。

湖北文理学院专升本《旅游学》考试样卷一、单项选择题（从下列各题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代号写在题干后面的括号内。

每小题1分，共15分。

）1、经营旅游业必须具备的三大要素是（）A、旅游者、旅游资源和旅游业B、旅行社、旅游饭店和旅游交通C、旅游资源、旅游设施和旅游服务D、旅游者、旅行社和旅游服务2、园林属于（）。

A、自然旅游景观B、动植物旅游资源C、民族文化旅游资源D、经济建设成就旅游资源3、我国《旅行社管理条例》规定，经营入境旅游业务的国际旅行社，需缴纳（）人民币质量保证金。

A、10万元B、30万元C、60万元D、100万元4、在接待人次和国际旅游收入上，占世界首位地位的是（）。

A、美洲B、东亚和太平洋地区C、欧洲D、大洋洲5、为国家政府所承认，负责国家旅游事务的组织是（）。

A、IUOTOB、PATAC、NTO或NTAD、AIEST6、中国旅游研究活动开展于（）。

A、十九世纪末B、二十世纪70年代C、二十世纪50年代D、二十年代80年代。

7、《马尼拉宣言》是于1980（）在菲律宾召开的第一届世界旅游会议上通过的A、太平洋地区旅游协会B、世界旅行社协会C、世界旅游组织D、世界旅行社协会联合会8、旅行社质量保障金是保障（）的专用款项。

A、旅行社合作伙伴B、旅行社权益C、国家权益D、旅行者权益9、按组织的（）划分，国际性旅游组织可分为部分的涉及旅游事务的一般性国际组织，全面涉及旅游事务的专门性组织以及专门设计旅游事务某一方面的专业性组织。

A、成员B、地位C、范围D、工作内容10、到一个国家作短暂访问，逗留不足24小时的游客，成为（）。

A、国际旅游者B、国内旅游者C、游客D、短程旅游者11、在旅游活动的六大要素中，（）是其核心内容。

A、行、游B、行C、购、娱D、游12、饭店为满足宾客的需求提供各种各样的功能，其中最基本、最传统的功能是（）。

A、住宿B、餐饮C、住宿和餐饮D、娱乐和休闲13、在中国任教已经两年的美籍教师到三峡旅游，他所进行的旅游活动属于（）。

2015年湖北文理学院普通专升本《机械设计基础》考试大纲一、考试性质本考试是为在机类专科毕业生中招收本科生而实施的具有选拔功能的水平考试，其指导思想是既要有利于国家对高层次人材的选拔，又要有利于促进高等学校各类课程教学质量的提高。

二、考试的基本要求要求学生比较系统地掌握常用机构设计的基本知识、基本理论和基本方法；具备设计一般参数通用机械零件的能力，为后继专业课程学习提供基础。

三、考试方法和考试时间考试方法为闭卷笔试，考试时间为120分钟，满分为100分。

四、考试内容和要求绪论1、考试内容：本课程研究的对象和内容；本课程在教学中的地位；机械设计的一般要求和过程。

2、基本要求1）明确本课程研究的对象和内容，及其在培养机械类高级工程技术人才中的地位、任务和作用。

2）掌握机械设计的一般要求和过程。

第一章平面机构的自由度和速度分析1、考试内容：运动副及其分类；平面机构的运动简图；平面机构的自由度；速度瞬心及其在机构速度分析上的应用。

2、基本要求1）明确构件、运动副、约束、自由度及运动链等重要概念。

2）熟练掌握机构运动简图的绘制方法。

3）熟练掌握平面机构自由度的计算方法，并判断其具有确定运动的条件。

4）正确理解速度瞬心的概念，并能运用“三心定理”确定一般平面机构各瞬心的位置。

5）能用瞬心法对简单机构进行速度分析。

第二章平面连杆机构1、考试内容：平面四杆机构的基本类型及其应用；平面四杆机构的基本特性；平面四杆机构的设计。

2、基本要求1）了解连杆机构的传动特点及其主要优缺点。

2）了解平面四杆机构的基本型式及演化方法。

3）掌握有关四杆机构的基本知识。

4）掌握图解法设计平面四杆机构的方法。

第三章凸轮机构1、考试内容：凸轮机构的应用和分类；从动件常用运动规律；凸轮机构的压力角；用图解法设计凸轮轮廓曲线；用解析法设计凸轮轮廓曲线。

2、基本要求1）了解凸轮机构的类型及特点和应用。

2）掌握凸轮机构从动件常用运动规律的特性及其选择。

北京建筑工程学院计算机科学与技术专业专升本入学考试《数据结构》课程考试大纲第一章绪论1. 掌握基本概念：数据、数据元素、数据项、数据结构、数据类型、算法。

2. 数据结构的研究内容。

3. 数据元素之间的关系。

4. 顺序存储结构和链式存储结构的不同点。

5．算法分析的目的。

6．简单的算法时间复杂度的计算。

第二章线性表1.线性表的概念。

2.线性表的顺序存储结构及基本算法。

3. 线性表的链式存储结构及基本算法（主要掌握单链表）。

4．两种存储结构的不同特点及其适用场合。

第三章栈和队列1．栈的定义。

2．队列的定义。

3．栈空和栈满、队列空和队列满的判断条件。

4．栈和队列的简单应用。

第四章串和数组1．串的定义2．串的几种表示方法。

3．串的基本操作。

4．数组的定义。

5．稀疏矩阵的存储。

第五章树和二叉树1．树的定义及存储结构。

2．二叉树的定义及存储结构。

3．二叉树的性质、遍历及其递归算法。

4．赫夫曼树及赫夫曼编码。

第六章图1．图的定义及术语。

2．图的存储结构（数组表示和邻接表）。

3．图的遍历。

4．图的应用（最小生成树、最短路径、拓扑排序）。

第七章查找和排序1．顺序表的查找。

2．折半查找。

3．哈希表。

4．简单的排序方法：直接插入排序、冒泡排序和简单的选择排序。

5．希尔排序、快速排序、二路归并排序。

参考教材：《数据结构（C语言版）》严尉敏主编清华大学出版社。

2014年-2015年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业招生人数、录取分数线
及考试科目
2014年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业招生计划详情招生院校：湖北文理学院招生人数：35（备注：该招生人数为教育厅下发通
知时公布的招生计划，大部分学校最终会根据报考人数进行计划调整）
2014年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业考试科目
大学英语+管理学+ 经济学原理
2014年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业参考教材
正在整理...
2014年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业录取分数线及要求
国际经济与贸易录取分数线: 总分>=184.5,按总分从高到低录取,总分相同的按英语成绩排名录取，录满为止。

2015年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业招生计划详情招生院校：湖北文理学院招生人数：45（备注：该招生人数为教育厅下发通
知时公布的招生计划，大部分学校最终会根据报考人数进行计划调整）
2015年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业考试科目
英语+管理学+经济学原理
2015年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业参考教材
1、大学英语有听力，考纲见湖北专升本网；
2、《管理学》第三版，周三
多主编，高等教育出版社；《管理学原理》杨文士/李晓光主编，中国财政经济
出版社；3、经济学原理：曼昆，《经济学原理》（微观经济学分册+宏观经济分
册），北京大学出版社；高鸿业，《西方经济学》（微观部分+宏观部分），中
国人民大学出版社
2015年湖北文理学院专升本国际经济与贸易专业录取分数线及要求录取最低分数：174。

湖北师范大学文理学院专升本考试真题1、39. 下列词语中加双引号字的读音完全正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．“亢”奋（kàng）“晦”暗（huì）羁“绊”（bàn）“衰”草连天（suō）B．“蓦”然（mù）“冗”杂（rǒng）“瞳”仁（tóng）不可抗“拒”（jù）C．“恬”静（tián）束“缚”（fù）闭“塞”（sài）“悬”崖绝壁（xuán）D．严“峻”（jùn）震“撼”（hàn）“磅”礴（páng）纷至“沓”来（tà）(正确答案)2、1“人生是多么奇怪，多么变幻无常呵，极细小的一件事可以败坏你，也可以成全你！”这句话从一个侧面表明了在当时资本主义社会金钱万能、尔虞我诈的竞争中，小资产阶级生活的艰难，命运的无奈。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、棘手、机遇、极乐鸟、集腋成裘此组词语中加着重号的字的读音相同。

[判断题] *对错(正确答案)4、1《项链》的作者是莫泊桑，他和欧亨利、契诃夫并称为世界三大短篇小说巨匠。

[判断题] *对错(正确答案)5、1《拿来主义》一文主要论证方法是举例论证。

此文采用先破后立的论证，在反对和批判“闭关主义”和“送去主义”的过程中确立了拿来主义的观点。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、1一人不排队挤上公交车，众人批评他：“不要挤嘛，讲一点儿社会公德。

”他嬉皮笑脸地回答：“我这是发扬雷锋的精神，一要有钻劲，二要有挤劲。

”这个挤公交的人语言幽默、得体。

[判断题] *对错(正确答案)7、七股大水，从水库的桥孔跃出，仿佛七幅闪光的黄锦，直铺下去，修辞格是（）[单选题] *拟人比喻(正确答案)比拟夸张8、1《拿来主义》运用了先立后破的写作方法。

[判断题] *对(正确答案)错9、1“唐宋八大家”是韩愈、柳宗元、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、欧阳修、曾巩的合称。

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《高等代数》考试大纲
一、考试内容
1．多项式：整除关系及其性质，最大公因式的求法，因式分解定理，重因式的判定，有理系数多项式的有理根的计算，对标多项式的基本定理的应用.
2．行列式：行列式的计算及其性质应用，Cramer法则.
3．线性方程组：判别向量组的线性相（无）关，向量组的等价表示，向量组的秩，用消元法解线性方程组，线性方程组有解判定定理及其应用，求线性方程组的基础解系.
4．矩阵：矩阵的运算，矩阵的逆及其秩，矩阵的分块的应用，初等矩阵，分块乘法的初等变换及应用.
5．二次型：求二次型的标准形，正定二次型的判定.
6．线性空间：线性空间的定义与简单性质，求线性空间的基与维数，基变换与坐标变换，子空间的交与和及其直和.
7．线性变换：判定某一变换是线性变换，计算线性变换的矩阵、特征值与特征向量，矩阵对角化问题，线性变换的值域与核，若当标准形与最小多项式的计算.
8．欧氏空间：欧氏空间标准正交基的计算，度量矩阵的计算，正交矩阵在矩阵对角化中的应用.
二、参考书目：
[1]《高等代数》（第三版）北京大学原代数与几何教研室编，高等教育出版社
[2]《高等代数》王萼芳编著，高等教育出版社
更多专升本历年试题、资料请上湖北专升本论坛（）下载。

湖北文理学院专升本样卷(综合英语)湖北文理学院专升本《综合英语》考试样卷单位准考证号姓名题目一二三四五总分满分30 10 30 15 15 100得分I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30 points)得分评卷人Section A （10 points, 1 point for each）Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the italicized word on the left of each sentence.1. large The factory is being _________to make room for more machinery.2. efficient You will increase your ________ if you introduce more system into your work.3. cruel _________ to children or animals is a crime in many countries.4.appear If you use this chemical to clean your shirt, the stains will ________immediately.5. understand John and Mary had a ____________,but they have made it up now .6. health The children looked wonderfully __________with their bright eyes and glowing cheeks.7. please The success of the experiment was a great _______ and encouragement to the young scientists.8. eager She could not conceal her _______________ for praise.9. construction The old professor made a number of very ___________suggestions concerning soilconservation in the area.10. curious Looking up, I saw his eyes fixed on me in _______________.Section B. （10 points, 0.5 point for each）Directions: For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the most appropriate one.11. Don’t________ to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.A. rejectB. preventC. hesitate D .refuse12. Let’s hang up some paintings on these________ walls.A. bare B .empty C. blank D. vacant13. At the conference he expressed some personal views which later brought him into ______with the Partyleadership.A. actionB. crisisC. conflictD. power14. He wrote the book in ____ with his wife.A. proportionB. installmentC. correspondenceD. collaboration15. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdown16. Nancy was surprised that they have _____. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out17. Unfortunately, very few sheep________ the severe winter last year.A. survivedB. enduredC. spentD. remained alive18. They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come to no ____.A. endB. conclusionC. resultD. judgment19. The eldest child is thoroughly ____ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated20. —Can you take the day off tomorrow？—Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession21. They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan ten days ahead of schedule________was something we had not expected.A .that B. this C. it D. which22. Bob tried in vain to trick his little brother______ some money from their mother’spurse.A. to stealB. to stealing C .into steal D. into stealing23. I was________ to find his article on such an________ topic so________.A. surprised, excited, bored B .surprising, exciting, boringC. surprised, exciting, boringD. surprising, excited, boring24. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ____ forit.A. as much twiceB. much as twiceC. as twice muchD. twice as much25. _______a professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, EdwardCharles Pickering established the first physics laboratory in the United States.A. WhileB. Being C .Although D. He was26. If you have never planted anything, you won't be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted .A. to growB. growC. growingD. to be growing27. The two boys had so ________ in common that they soon become good friends.A. littleB. fewC. muchD. many28. As fuel prices rose, bus companies raised their fares and ________A. so did the airlinesB. nor did the airlinesC. so airlines didD. nor the airlines did29. ______ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A. He is rememberedB. To rememberC. While rememberingD. Though remembered30. If Dorothy had not been badly hurt in a car accident, ________in last month’s marathon race.A. she would participateB. she might participateC. would have participated D .she must have participatedSection C (10 points ,1 point for each)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one that needs correction.31. Nancy had a great deal of trouble to concentrate on her work because ofA B Cthe noise in the next room.D32. I remember to see that American naturalist two years ago in India at theA B C Ddinner party given by Mr. and Mrs. Wynnes.33. No matter whatever happens, we’re determined to do our best and makeA B Cthe experiment a success.D34. l can't get my car started now. Something must have gone wrongly with theA B C Dengine.35.Jeremy is such a careless person that he has five wallets stolen by pickpocketsA B C Dthis year.36. Don't take for granted that all those who score high in the entrance examinationsA B Cwill prove to be the most competent at college.D37. The elderly lawyer thinks it good for his health to walk up the stairs to his officeA Bon the fifth floor instead of to take the elevator.C D38. Most of the freshmen in our college have made far more greater progress inA B Ctheir study of English than we first expected.D39. Dr. Nolen was honest enough to admit to make errors in judgment on more than one occasion.A B C D40. Our history professor is such a knowledgeable person that it seems there isn’tA Bnothing which he does not know.C DII. Cloze (10 points, 0.5 point for each)Directions: Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the best of the four choices given.Earthquakes have (1)______ our lives for as long as people have inhabited the Earth. These dangerous acts of the Earth have (2)______ great danger to human beings.Earthquake damage (3)_____ what area is hit. If an unpopulated region is (4)____, there will be low loss of life or property. If it hits a large city which is (5)_____ populated, there may be serious injuries and destruction.Earthquakes have the power to uproots trees and send them (6)_____ into buildings. They can trigger landslides and cause flooding and tsunamis. Buildings and structures are also (7)_____. It is interesting to note that tall buildings will suffer (8)_____ damage if they are located directly at the epicenter. This is because they can (9)_____ the up-and-down motion of P-waves. S-waves. On the other hand, occur far away from the epicenter, and cause the greatest stress (10)______ shaking buildings from side to side. These buildings are often (11)____ their foundations.Buildings with thick, heavy walls do not resist shock waves well. Violent earthquakes often cause structures to (12)_____, burying people underneath. Brick buildings are the most (13)_____. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the (14)_____ fires and floods that often the greatest damage (15)_____.Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically (16)______. With improvements in technology, lives have been saved and many more (17)______. All that (18)______ is to research what takes place before, during, and after an earthquake. This has been done for years (19)____ the points that a successful earthquake prediction is theoretically possible. However, (20)_____ prediction of earthquake may take more years.1. A. blamed B. plagued C. imposed D. blessed2. A. held on B. kept to C. resulted in D. pointed out3. A. depends on B. catches on C. carries on D. draws on4. A. stung B. struck C. scratched D. stuck5. A. largely B. enormously C. densely D. vastly6. A. clashing B. clamming C. cracking D. crashing7. A. at risk B. at peace C. at best D. at length8. A. the real B. the less C. the least D. the most9. A. transform B. undergo C. withdraw D. withstand10. A. by B. to C. with D. on11. A. knocked out B. knocked off C. knocked over D. knocked down12. A. vanish B. collapse C. collide D. confront13. A. dependable B. valuable C. favorable D. vulnerable14. A. constant B. consistent C. Subsequent D. frequent15. A. allows B. appears C. rewards D. occurs16. A. positive B. impossible C. possible D. Impressive17. A. will B. shall C. have D. can18. A. represents B. reflects C. remains D. reminds19. A. on B. at C. in D. to20. A. adequate B. absolute C. significant D. accurateIV. Reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each) )Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather".All foods include water – cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at entry to about 43℃ at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.1. The open-air method of drying food ___.A. is the one most commonly used todayB. was invented by the American IndiansC. has been known for hundreds of yearsD. tends to be unhygienic2. Bacteria which cause food to go bad ___.A. cannot live in sunlightB. are killed by dryingC. are in no way dependent on the water contentD. have their activity greatly reduced by drying3. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried ___.A. on horizontal cylindersB. in hot-air chambersC. in the sun and windD. using the open tray method4. Dried foods ___.A. are often packed in cans or frozenB. are used by soldiers and climbersC. need more storage space than soldiers usually have availableD. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products5. Housewives like dried foods because they ___.A. are quick to prepareB. taste betterC. can be preserved by boiling in waterD. look fresh and appetizing when cookedPassage BDisneyland, Knott’s Berry Farm, magic Mountain, the state Fair, amusement parks… all of these are great family destinations, yet the cost of the admission ticket alone can put a severe crimp in the family budget. Once at the park, children are so tempted by the wide array of food and choices that a day intended for family fun can sometimes turn into an unpleasant nag fest. While it is a parent’s job to say “no” at appropriated times, saying no during a special day intended for family togetherness can definitely diminish the fun for both adult and child.When our children were in early elementary school, we came up with a plan that took the “yes” and “no”spending decision out of our hands, and placed it into theirs.We were off to Disneyland, and during previous visits our son would badger us for a treat each time we passed a vendor, or nagged us to buy souvenirs from the various shops. Before going to the amusement park, we told our children how much we could afford to spend for the day. We then explained that we could be giving them each their share of the money, and it would be totally their decision how to spend it. The money would cover any of the day’s food, beverages or souvenirs. If they wanted to spend the entire amount on frozen bonanzas, that was their choice. But once their portion was gone, it was gone.To avoid the possibility of our children losing their money, we placed their funds in separate envelopes, and I offered to keep it for them. Whenever they wanted to buy something, they just needed to ask for the money.It was interesting how differently our two children budgeted their portion. Our daughter, who is three years younger than her brother, and was barely old enough to add, breezed through the day. At lunch time, she allotted money for her food and beverage, and managed to buy a sack and souvenirs. Our son, who usually found something he had to have at every corner, turned into a nervous miser. At lunch time, he wouldn’t even splurge for a soda, and when he saw something he wanted to buy, he studies it until he decided he didn’t need it.By the end of the day, our daughter had spent her share, and seemed quite pleased with the choices she’s made. Our son, who had spent very little, was suddenly frantic to buy something (anything) with his remaining cash. I felt a little sorry for him, because while we (as parents) had an enjoyable day, free from the responsibility of monitoring our children’s spending, his day was spent dealing with the consequences of his choices.6. The author is concerned about ______ in the passage.A. spending responsibilityB. the cost of the admission ticketC. the family budgetD. great family destinations7. According to the author, the best way to reduce the family’s spending while going out to have fun is that _____.A. parents decide what to buy for their childrenB. parents say “no” whenever their children ask to buy somethingC. children themselves decide to buy whatever they wantD. children are allotted a sum of money and they decide what to buy8. While in Disney land, what did the author’s son do with his own money?A. He was hesitant to spend his own money.B. He managed to buy things at every corner.C. He was happy and free with his money.D. He used up his money quickly and asked for money again.9. Which of the following is Not true, according to the story?A. Both of the parents had an enjoyable day.B. Both parents and children learned something about how to spend money.C. Both parents and children learned something about how to spend money.D. Both the son and daughter had spent all their money.10. What do you think is the tone in which the author has described his son?A. RegretB. ReliefC. WorryD. ApprovalPassage COne of the aims of teaching science is, through learning, to enable students to develop a complete personality by creativity, honesty, eagerness to acquire knowledge, freedom of speech and thought, and critical assessment. This is an ambitious aim which we unfortunately, rarely consider. During teaching we devote our attention more to the content rather than the aims. We thus see that science is one of the school subjects least favored by students.The emotional elements of music, dancing, painting, poetry and drama have a strong emotional impact on students. For science to evoke the same feelings, it should be taught with the help of the expressive arts. Unlike traditional didactic approaches, drama also offers a synthesis of visual, kinetic and auditory experiences, apart from the understanding of facts and figures as a result of rational and analytical perception. Drama and other artistic activities can assist in reaching the cognitive goals of the curriculum, as they effective means of motivation. Isn’t there a better chance that students who have developed a love for science will learn it more easily? Science too can be aesthetic, creative and emotional.By using drama techniques, we facilitate collaboration between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, whereas traditional techniques of teaching science stress only the use of abilities found in the left hemisphere—that is, the analytical perception of scientific notions and phenomena. We allow students to engage in the learning process as full personalities with all their knowledge and abilities. Thus we develop not only logical and mathematical intelligence, but also a wider spectrum of the students’ abilities. Our educational experience is largely based on a linear perception of the subject. As students, we have not been used to developing ways of creative and intuitive thinking, especially in scientific subjects. This is why combing expressive arts with science is accepted with difficulty by many.When using drama in teaching science, we meet paradoxes which can, on the one hand, make the use of drama unsuccessful, and, on the other hand, enable the knowledge of science to be integrated into society and social phenomena that is life in general. Science is taught on the basis of scientific discoveries—laws and explanations of phenomena which are clearly defined and allow no individual or sociological interpretations. Drama, however, is based on developing imagination and different individual interpretations of the same event. Stealing a wallet, for example, will be interpreted as something negative by the owner and as something positive by the pickpocket. Drama broadens our imagination, science is said to narrow it. When observing traditional didactic forms of teaching science, we see that students are required to understand very abstract notions. The notion of the atom or the molecule is demonstrated by concrete means including symbols, various types of atom and molecule models, sketches, experiments, photographs and animated films. These help students to develop their imagination and conceptions which can, individually, be very different despite the fact that they were all taught with the same techniques and materials.These differences arise from the differences in students’ personalities. We must take into account that students have different sensory abilities. They receive information through visual, auditory and kinetic channels of perception with different intensity. They also have different intellectual abilities. Thus it is easyfor some students to logically combine scientific laws with scientific phenomena or visualize what the latter looks like.11. The fact that students dislike science class is because science classes _____.A. develop student’s personality by creativityB. don’t have freedom of speechC. concentrate more on knowledge than the development of personalityD. concentrate more on facts than critical assessment12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Students find less difficulty in learning science through expressive artsB. Expressive arts used in learning science can involve both hemispheres of the brainC. Traditional techniques of learning science mainly involve the use of left hemisphereD. A large part of educational experience is based on a linear perception of the subject13. A suitable title for the passage can be “_____”.A. Teach Science through DramaB. Developing Students’ ImaginationC. Expressive Arts in the Science ClassroomD. Creative Ways of Teaching Science14. The researcher’s aim is to _____.A. facilitate students’ learning by stimulating an emotional responseB. use drama to teach scienceC. develop students’ knowledge and abilities through reviewD. make it easier for students to understand some abstract concepts15. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Traditional teaching methods expect students to love abstract concepts.B. The new approach to teaching doesn’t teach abstract conceptsC. The new approach addresses many different learning stylesD. Didactic methods teach knowledge, not abilityIV. Translation (15 points)Section A: Translate the following sentences into English (10 points, 2 points for each)1. 医生能找到感染的原因吗？(track down)2. 体育锻炼不仅有益于学生的身体，还有助于他们的心智。