Cutting through the confusion in high performance liquid chromatographic column technology

积分型检测器 integrating detector激光光热检测器 laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法 laser desorption MS， LDMS激光裂解器 laser pyrolyzer激光色谱 laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量 detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测 detection of laser-induced light beam I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量 laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器 laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰 memory peak记忆效应 memory effect夹层槽 sandwich chamber假峰 ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法 interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度（检测）离子色谱法 indirect photometric ion chromato…间接光度（检测）色谱法 indirect photometric chromatography 间接检测 indirect detection间接荧光检测 indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测 indirect ultraviolet detection检测器 detector检测器检测限 detector detectability检测器灵敏度 detector sensitivity检测器线性范围 detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器 alkali flame ionization detector， AFID碱洗法 alkali wash剪纸称重法 cut-paper weighing method减尾剂 tailing reducer减压液相色谱 vacuum liquid chromatography键合固定相 bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂 bonded ion exchanger焦耳热 joule heating胶束薄层色谱法 micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法 micellar liquid chromatography交联度 crosslinking degree阶梯梯度 stagewise gradient介电常数检测器 dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法 metal complex ion chromatography， MCIC 金属氧化物固定相 metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱 metal interaction chromatography进样阀 injection valve进样量 sample size进样器 injector静态顶空分析法 static headspace analysis静态涂渍法 static coating method径流柱 radial flow column径向流动色谱 radial flow chromatography径向压缩柱 radial compression column径向展开法 radial development径向展开色谱 radial development chromatography净保留体积 net retention volume居里点裂解器 Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池 rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯 PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活 high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂 polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器 absolute detector开口分流 open split开口管柱 open tubular column可见光检测器 visible light detector可交换离子 exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽 band broadening in space空穴色谱法 vacancy chromatography孔结构 pore structure孔径 pore diameter孔径分布 pore size distribution控制单元 control unit快速色谱法 high-speed chromatography离心逆流色谱 centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法 centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography， IPC离子对试剂 ion pair reagent离子对探针检测 ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型 ion pair formation model离子交换电动色谱 ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography 离子交换剂 ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱 ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜 ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法 ion exchange chromatography， IEC离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换位置 ion exchange site离子交换柱 ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法 ion exclusion chromatography， ICE离子色谱法 ion chromatography， IC离子色谱仪 ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型 ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法 ion interaction chromatography， IIC离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography， ISC理论塔板高度 height equivalent to a theoretical plate（HETP）理论塔板数 number of theoretical plates两性电解质 ampholytes两性离子 zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂 zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法 pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration淋洗剂 eluent淋洗离子 eluent ion淋洗色谱法 elution chromatography馏分收集器 fraction collector流动池 flow cell电离截面检测器 ionization cross section detector电歧视效应 the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样 electrophoretic injection电渗流 electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物 electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度 electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器 electricity potential detector电泳淌度 electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器 electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器 electron mobility detector调整保留时间 adjusted retention time调整保留体积 adjusted retention volume叠加内标法 added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法 headspace gas chromatography， GC-HS顶替法 displacement development顶替色谱法 displacement chromatography动态包覆 dynamic coating动态分离 dynamic separatio动态复合离子交换模型 dynamic complex ion exchange model动态改性 dynamic modification动态离子交换模型 dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍 dynamic coating动态涂渍法 dynamic coated method动态脱活 dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法 short column chromatography堆积硅珠 stacked silica bead堆积性能 bulk property多次反射池 multi-reflect pool多分散度 polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂 multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计 multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱 porous layer open tubular column，PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱 porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶 porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱 porous polymer beads GLS column GLS多孔石墨碳 porous graphitic carbon， PGC多孔载体 porous support多脉冲实验 multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法 multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪 multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪 unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气 sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡 secondary chemical equilibria ，SCE二极管阵列检测器 diode-array detector， DAD二维色谱法 two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系 dual solvent system反冲洗 back wash反吹技术 back flushing technique反峰 negative peak反离子 counter ion反气相色谱法 inverse gas chromatography （IGC）反相高效液相色谱法 reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱 reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法 reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱 reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱 reversed phase column反应气相色谱法 reaction gas chromatography反应色谱 reaction chromatography反圆心式展开 anti-circular development反转电渗流 reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式 van Deemter equation仿生传感器 Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器 radio ionization detector放射性检测器 radioactivity detector放射自显影 autoradiography非极性固定相 non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相 non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器 non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱 non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱 nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体 non-adsorptive support非线性分流 non-linearity split stream非线性色谱 non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线 non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测 non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法 non-suppressed ion chromatography， NSIC 费尔盖特效益 Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂 phenolic ion exchange resin分离－反应－分离展开 SRS development分离数 separation number分离因子 separation factor分离柱 separation column分流 split stream分流比 split ratio分流进样法 split sampling分流器 splitter分配等温线 distribution isotherm分配色谱 partition chromatography分配系数 partition coefficient分析型色谱仪 analytical type chromatograph分子扩散 molecular diffusion分子量分布 molecular weight distribution分子量检测器 molecular weight detector分子筛 molecular sieve分子筛色谱 molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附 molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱 molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾 endcapping峰高 peak height。

1 目的：建立一个安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪标准操作程序。

2 范围：本规程适用于安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪的操作。

3 责任：相关操作人员。

4 程序：4.1 原则与定义4.1.1高效液相色谱法是将具有不同极性的单一溶剂或不同比例的混合溶剂、缓冲液为流动相，用高压泵将流动相压入装有填充剂的色谱柱，注入供试品，经流动相带入柱内，在填充剂上分离后，各组分先后进入检测器，用记录仪记录色谱图，各供试品谱图与标准或对照品谱图比对，经一定的数据处理进行化合物的定性和定量分析。

4.1.2 除另有规定者外，都应按现行版《中国药典》附录（高效液相色谱法）的要求测定。

4.2 仪器及用具4.2.1 安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪系统4.2.2 DAD紫外检测器4.2.3 色谱柱4.2.4 色谱工作站4.2.5 溶剂过滤系统4.2.6 样品过滤系统4.2.7 其他用具和试剂应符合现行版《中国药典》规定或仪器说明书上指明的要求。

4.3 准备工作4.3.1流动相临用前过滤并脱气。

4.3.2供试品溶液和标准品(或对照品)溶液应按药品标准中有关规定配制过滤。

4.4 操作方法4.4.1 开机准备好流动相并安装色谱柱。

依次打开仪器各部件电源开关（在线脱气机、输液泵、自动进样器、柱温箱、检测器等），约15min 后，仪器进入待机状态，此时仪器各部件指示灯应无色或呈黄色。

计算机进入工作站的操作页面。

色谱条件的设定,当色谱参数设置完成后，单击工作站流程图右下角的【on】，仪器开始运行。

4.4.2 样品测定4.4.3 分析报告的打印4.4.4 关机，分析结束后，按规定程序彻底冲洗色谱柱及所用的仪器流路。

4.4.5 实验结束工作4.4.6 全部分析工作结束后，依次关闭电脑、检测器、电源开关。

4.4.7 泵流量调到零，关闭泵电源。

4.4.8 仪器参数设定及操作方法同药典仪器操作规程安捷伦1100。

4.5.1反相高效液相色谱，如所用流动相含有缓冲溶液，实验前需要用重蒸馏水冲洗管路和色谱柱，实验结束时也要用水冲洗约半小时, 然后再用甲醇平衡柱子约30min后关闭仪器，以保护柱子。

WATERS e2695 高效液相色谱仪使用说明书（入门用前必读）青岛科技大学化工测试中心2015-12-22安全指南遵守安全指南可以防止对系统或设备造成损害。

注意：不要将设备置于阳光直射的地方或靠近空调通风口。

注意：在不确定的情况下，不要删除工作站中的任何文件。

注意：为了避免损坏检测器的流动池，不要触摸流动池窗口。

小心：为避免被灼伤，在拆下灯泡进行更换或调整前，请至少提前30 分钟关闭灯泡。

小心：为避免电击事故和人身伤害，请务必在执行维护工作前关闭高压泵、检测器并拔下电源下电源线。

小心：为避免化学或电气危险，在操作系统时，请务必遵守实验室的安全规定。

目录第一章 WATERS 600 简介 (1)第二章基本操作要领 (2)2.1 操作规程 (2)2.2 运行分析样品 (2)第三章数据的处理 (15)3.1 创建方法组定量分析 (15)外标法：单点校正 (15)未知样结果计算 (26)外标法：多点校正 (29)内标法校正 (32)3.2 定性结果 (39)3.3 打印报告 (42)第四章文件管理 (46)第一章 WATERS 600 简介该高效液相色谱系统是由Waters600高压泵及控制器、氦气脱气系统、Waters 2996二极管阵列检测器和Millennium324.02版本（中文版）工作站构成。

该系统所有的控制指令和数据处理都可以通过计算计完成。

该系统是分析实验室不可缺少的仪器设备，是有机物定量分析的最佳手段之一，另外的突出优点是可以对色谱峰的纯度进行判断。

建立色谱库后可以实现定性分析。

第二章基本操作要领2.1 操作规程2.1.1 制备标样和样品：配置合适浓度的标样；制备的样品进样前要过滤。

2.1.2使用HPLC级流动相，必要时自行制备；水为实验室2级水。

用前均需过0.45μm 滤膜。

2.1.3 流动相脱气：打开氦气(99.999%)钢瓶，调节减压阀输出压力0.3~0.6MPa。

确认流动相管线和相对应的脱气管线。

中文英文色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2，second central moment三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment液相色谱法liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography，LLC液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC 柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC 尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC亲和色谱法affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector工作站work station固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid载体support柱填充剂column packing化学键合相填充剂chemically bonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂pellicular packing多孔型填充剂porous packing吸附剂adsorbent离子交换剂ion exchanger基体matrix载板support plate粘合剂binder流动相mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant，eluent展开剂developer等水容剂isohydric solvent改性剂modifier显色剂color [developing] agent死时间t0，dead time保留时间tR，retention time调整保留时间t'R，adjusted retention time死体积V0，dead volume保留体积vR，retention volume调整保留体积v'R，adjusted retention volume柱外体积Vext，extra-column volune粒间体积V0，interstitial volume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP，pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积Vtol，total liquid volume洗脱体积ve，elution volume流体力学体积vh，hydrodynamic volume相对保留值ri.s，relative retention value分离因子α，separation factor流动相迁移距离dm，mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿mobile phase front溶质迁移距离ds，solute migration distance比移值Rf，Rf value高比移值hRf，high Rf value相对比移值Ri.s，relative Rf value保留常数值Rm，Rm value板效能plate efficiency折合板高hr，reduced plate height分离度R，resolution液相载荷量liquid phase loading离子交换容量ion exchange capacity负载容量loading capacity渗透极限permeability limit排除极限Vh，max，exclusion limit拖尾因子T，tailing factor柱外效应extra-column effect管壁效应wall effect间隔臂效应spacer arm effect边缘效应edge effect斑点定位法localization of spot放射自显影法autoradiography原位定量in situ quantitation生物自显影法bioautography归一法normalization method内标法internal standard method外标法external standard method叠加法addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation] 加宽校正broadening correction加宽校正因子broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数ε0，solvent strength parameter洗脱序列eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱gradient elution(再)循环洗脱recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient程序溶剂programmed solvent程序压力programmed pressure程序流速programmed flow展开development上行展开ascending development下行展开descending development双向展开two dimensional development 环形展开circular development离心展开centrifugal development向心展开centripetal development径向展开radial development多次展开multiple development分步展开stepwise development连续展开continuous development梯度展开gradient development匀浆填充slurry packing停流进样stop-flow injection阀进样valve injection柱上富集on-column enrichment流出液eluate柱上检测on-column detection柱寿命column life柱流失column bleeding显谱visualization活化activation反冲back flushing脱气degassing沟流channeling过载overloading。

色谱字典（术语大全）中文英文色谱图chromatogram色谱峰chromatographic peak峰底peak base峰高h，peak height峰宽W，peak width半高峰宽Wh/2，peak width at half height峰面积A，peak area拖尾峰tailing area前伸峰leading area假峰ghost peak畸峰distorted peak反峰negative peak拐点inflection point原点origin斑点spot区带zone复班multiple spot区带脱尾zone tailing基线base line基线漂移baseline drift基线噪声N，baseline noise统计矩moment一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2，second central moment三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment液相色谱法liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法liquid liquid chromatography，LLC液固色谱法liquid solid chromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC柱液相色谱法liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC尺寸排除色谱法size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法gel permeation chromatography，GPC亲和色谱法affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC 离子色谱法ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法preparative liquid chromatography 平面色谱法planar chromatography纸色谱法paper chromatography薄层色谱法thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC浸渍薄层色谱法impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪preparative liquid chromatograph 凝胶渗透色谱仪gel permeation chromatograph涂布器spreader点样器sample applicator色谱柱chromatographic column棒状色谱柱monolith column monolith column微粒柱microparticle column填充毛细管柱packed capillary column空心柱open tubular column微径柱microbore column混合柱mixed column组合柱coupled column预柱precolumn保护柱guard column预饱和柱presaturation column浓缩柱concentrating column抑制柱suppression column薄层板thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板gradient thin layer plate烧结板sintered plate展开室development chamber往复泵reciprocating pump注射泵syringe pump气动泵pneumatic pump蠕动泵peristaltic pump检测器detector微分检测器differential detector积分检测器integral detector总体性能检测器bulk property detector溶质性能检测器solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器[differential] refractive index detector荧光检测器fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器[laser] light scattering detector光密度计densitometer薄层扫描仪thin layer scanner柱后反应器post-column reactor体积标记器volume marker记录器recorder积分仪integrator馏分收集器fraction collector工作站work station固定相stationary phase固定液stationary liquid载体support柱填充剂column packing化学键合相填充剂chemically bonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂pellicular packing多孔型填充剂porous packing吸附剂adsorbent离子交换剂ion exchanger基体matrix载板support plate粘合剂binder流动相mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂eluant，eluent展开剂developer等水容剂isohydric solvent改性剂modifier显色剂color [developing] agent死时间t0，dead time 保留时间tR，retention time调整保留时间t'R，adjusted retention time死体积V0，dead volume保留体积vR，retention volume调整保留体积v'R，adjusted retention volume柱外体积V ext，extra-column volune粒间体积V0，interstitial volume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积VP，pore volume of porous packing液相总体积Vtol，total liquid volume洗脱体积ve，elution volume流体力学体积vh，hydrodynamic volume相对保留值ri.s，relative retention value分离因子α，separation factor流动相迁移距离dm，mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿mobile phase front溶质迁移距离ds，solute migration distance比移值Rf，Rf value高比移值hRf，high Rf value相对比移值Ri.s，relative Rf value保留常数值Rm，Rm value板效能plate efficiency折合板高hr，reduced plate height分离度R，resolution液相载荷量liquid phase loading离子交换容量ion exchange capacity负载容量loading capacity渗透极限permeability limit排除极限Vh，max，exclusion limit拖尾因子T，tailing factor柱外效应extra-column effect管壁效应wall effect间隔臂效应spacer arm effect边缘效应edge effect斑点定位法localization of spot放射自显影法autoradiography原位定量in situ quantitation生物自显影法bioautography归一法normalization method内标法internal standard method外标法external standard method叠加法addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve[function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation]加宽校正broadening correction加宽校正因子broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数ε0，solvent strength parameter洗脱序列eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱gradient elution梯度洗脱gradient elution(再)循环洗脱recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient 程序溶剂programmed solvent程序压力programmed pressure程序流速programmed flow展开development上行展开ascending development下行展开descending development双向展开two dimensional development环形展开circular development离心展开centrifugal development向心展开centripetal development径向展开radial development多次展开multiple development分步展开stepwise development连续展开continuous development梯度展开gradient development匀浆填充slurry packing停流进样stop-flow injection阀进样valve injection柱上富集on-column enrichment流出液eluate柱上检测on-column detection柱寿命column life柱流失column bleeding显谱visualization活化activation反冲back flushing脱气degassing沟流channeling过载overloadingAAA - Amino acid analysis – 氨基酸分析AAS - Atomic absorption spectrometry – 原子吸收光谱AED - Atomic emission detection – 原子发射检测AES - Atomic emission spectrometry – 原子发射光谱AFD - Alkali flame detection – 碱火焰检测API - Atmospheric-pressure ionization – 常压电离AX/HPLC - Anion-exchange HPLC – 离子交换HPLCCC - Open (low pressure) column chromatography – 开口(低压)柱色谱法CD - Conductivity detection – 电导检测CEC - Capillary Electrochromatography – 毛细管电色谱法CF-FAB - Continuous flow FAB – 持流FABCGC - Capillary column gas chromatography – 毛细管柱气相色谱法CI/MS - Chemical ionization MS – 化学电离MSCIA - Capillary ion analysis – 毛细管离子分析CLD - Chemiluminescence detection – 化学发光检测CLSE - Column liquid-solid extraction – 液固柱萃取13C-NMR - Carbon-13 NMR – 碳13NMRCSFC - Capillary supercritical-fluid chromatography – 毛细管超临界流体色谱法CV - Cyclic voltammetry – 循环伏安法CX/HPLC - Cation-exchange HPLC – 阳离子交换HPLCCZE - Capillary zone electrophoresis – 毛细管区域电泳EC - Electron capture detection – 电子捕获检测ECD - Electrochemical detection – 电化学检测EI/MS - Electron-impact MS – 电子碰撞MSEIA - Enzyme immunoassay – 酶免疫测定ELISA - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – 酶联免疫吸附测定EMIT - Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique – 酶多联免疫测定技术EPR - Electron paramagnetic resonance – 电子顺磁共振FAB/MS - Fast-atom-bombardment MS – 快速原子轰击MSFD - Fluorescence detection – 荧光检测FIA - Flow injection analysis – 流动注射分析FID - Flame ionization detection – 火焰离子化检测FPD - Flame photometric detection – 火焰光度检测FPIA - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay – 荧光偏振免疫测定FTD - Flame thermionic detection (alkali flame ionization ) – 火焰热离子检测(碱火焰离子化) GC - Gas chromatography – 气相色谱法GC/MS - GC/mass spectrometry – GC/MSGFC - Gel filtration chromatography – 凝胶过滤色谱法GPC - Gel permeation chromatography – 凝胶渗透色谱法HallECD - Hall electrolytic conductivity detection – 霍尔电解质电导率检测HPLC - High performance liquid chromatography – 高效液相色谱法µHPLC - Microcolumn HPLC – 微径柱HPLCHPTLC - High performance TLC – 高效TLCHRGC - High resolution GC – 高分辨GCIE/HPLC - Ion-exchange HPLC – 离子交换HPLCIEC - Ion-exchange (low pressure) chromatography – 离子交换(低压)色谱法IEF - Isoelectric focusing – 等电点聚焦ILC - Ion liquid chromatography – 离子液相色谱法IMS - Ion mobility spectrometer – 离子淌度光谱仪IR - Infrared spectrometry – 红外光谱法LC - Liquid chromatography – 液相色谱法µLC - Microcolumn LC – 微径柱LCLC/MS - Coupled HPLC- mass spectrometry – LC/MS联用LIFD - Laser-induced fluorescence detection – 激光诱导荧光检测LLE - Liquid-liquid extraction – 液液萃取LSC - Liquid scintillation counting – 液滴闪烁计数LSE - Liquid-solid extraction – 液固萃取MD - Mass detection – 质量检测MECC - Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography – 胶束电动毛细管色谱法MSD - Mass selective detection – 质量选择检测NICI/MS - Negative-ion CI/MS – 负离子CI/MSNMR - Nuclear magnetic resonance – 核磁共振NP/HPLC - Normal-phase HPLC – 正相HPLCNPD - Nitrogen phosphorous detection – 氮磷检测PAD - Pulsed-amperometric detection – 脉冲电流检测PAGE - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis – 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCR - Post-column reaction (on-line) – 后柱反应(在线)PDA - Photodiode array – 二极管阵列PI/HPLC - Paired-ion HPLC – 离子对上HPLCPICI/MS - Positive-ion CI/MS – 正离子CI/MS1H-NMR - Proton NMR – 质子NMRPSFID - Phosphorus sulfur flame ionization detection – 磷硫火焰离子化检测PTLC - Preparative TLC – 制备TLCRD - Radioactivity detection – 放射性检测RI - Refractive index detection – 示差折光检测RIA – Radioimmunoassay – 放射免疫测定RP/HPLC - Reversed-phase HPLC – 反相HPLCRRA - Radioreceptor assay – 放射受体测定SAX - Strong anion exchange – 强阴离子交换SCX - Strong cation exchange – 强阳离子交换SDS-PAGE - Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE – 十二烷基磺酸钠PAGESEC - Size exclusion chromatography – 尺寸排阻色谱法SFC - Supercritical-fluid chromatography – 超临界流体色谱法SID - Surface ionization detection – 表面离子化检测SIM - Selective ion monitoring – 选择性离子监测SPE - Solid phase extraction – 固相萃取TCA - Total carbon analysis – 总碳分析TCD - Thermal conductivity detection – 热导检测2-D TLC - Two-dimensional TLC – 二维TLCTEA - Thermal energy analyzer – 热能分析仪TLC - Thin layer chromatography – 薄层色谱法TSMS - Mass spectrometric detection with thermospray interface – 带热喷雾接口的质谱检测UV/VIS - Ultraviolet/visible detection – 紫外/可见光检测WAX - Weak anion exchange – 弱阴离子交换WCX - Weak cation exchange – 弱阳离子交换¶　以上内容来自中国‘中国色谱网’ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｓｅｐｕ．ｎｅｔ，收集整理ｖａｂｓ　ｌｅｅ（ｖａｂｓ＠１６３．ｃｏｍ）　。

A␣:See separation facto r.A solvent:Usually the weaker solvent in a binary eluent or gradient elution separation. In reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), the A solvent is typically water or a water-rich mixture.A term:The first term in the van Deemter equation.See eddy dispersion term and van Deemter equation.Absorption:The process of retention in which the solute partitions into a liquid-like coating.Activity:The relative strength of the surface of the packing in adsorption chromatography. For silica gel, the more available the silanol groups, the more active the surface. Activity can be controlled by adding water or another polar modifier that hydrogen bonds to the active sites, thereby reducing the surface activity.Additive:A substance added to the mobile phase to improve the separation or detection characteristics;for example, a competing base to negate the effects of silanols, a chelating agent to block metal sites or a UV-absorbing compound to perform indirect photometric detection.Adjusted retention time (t R Ј):A measure of the retention time adjusted for the hold-up time; t R Јϭt R Ϫt M , where t R is the retention time and t M is the hold-up time (the time it takes for a small,unretained compound that completely permeates the pores to be eluted from the chromatographic column).Adjusted retention volume (V R Ј):Adjusts the retention volume for the holdup volume; V R ЈϭV R ϪV M ,where V R is the retention volume of the peak of interest and V M is the hold-up volume (the volume corresponding to the total volume of mobile phase2GLOSSARY OF LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATION TERMSThe first glossary of common and not-so-common terms and buzzwords for reference to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns and column technology was published in 1988 (1). It is time for an update because•many new terms have arisen or, in some instances, their original meanings have expanded or changed•the various techniques of capillary electrophoresis (CE) have become well developed and are used in many laboratories throughout the world•the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) published its massiveundertaking titled “Nomenclature for Chromatography,” which provides guidance and changes in some of the more commonly accepted terms (2).This booklet updates the earlier glossary and will expand coverage into techniques beyond HPLC. This glossary is not intended to be an in-depth or highly theoretical treatment. For example,we have elected not to cover the myriad terms used in instrumentation, detection, data handling,quantitative analysis and validation associated with liquid-phase analysis but instead have chosen to use terms that analysts may encounter in everyday laboratory work with columns, phases and method development. The listing should be helpful to those just starting in HPLC, CE and related techniques. It may also serve as a refresher for long-time users.LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATION TERMSGLOSSARY OFin the column). See also dead volume and hold-up volume.Adsorbent:Packing used in adsorption chromatography.Silica gel and alumina are the most frequently used adsorbents in high performance liquidchromatography (HPLC).Adsorption:The process of retention in which the interactions between the solute and the surface of an adsorbent dominate. The forces can be strongforces (hydrogen bonds) or weak (van der Waalsforces). For silica gel, the silanol group is the driving force for adsorption, and any solute functionalgroup that can interact with this group can beretained on silica. The term adsorption placesemphasis on the surface versus penetration orembedding in the stationary phase coated orbonded to a surface.Adsorption chromatography:One of the basic LC modes that relies upon adsorption to the surface of an active solid to effect the separation. Silica geland alumina are the most frequently used normal-phase adsorbents, and molecules are retained by the interaction of their polar function groups with the surface functional groups; for example, silanols of silica. Carbon is also used as an adsorbent in areversed-phase mode.Adsorption isotherm:A plot of the equilibrium concentration of sample in the mobile phase perunit volume versus the concentration in thestationary phase per unit weight in adsorptionchromatography. The shape of the adsorptionisotherm can determine the chromatographicbehaviour of the solute; for example, peak tailing, peak fronting and column overload.Aerogel:A packing prepared when the dispersing agent is removed from a gel system withoutcollapsing the gel structure. Silica gels and glassbeads used for size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are examples of aerogels that can retain theirstructures even at the high pressures used in HPLC.See also xerogels.Affinity chromatography:A technique in which a biospecific adsorbent is prepared by coupling aspecific ligand — such as an enzyme, antigen orhormone — for the macromolecule of interest to a solid support (or carrier). This immobilized ligandwill interact only with molecules that can selectively bind to it. Molecules that will not bind will beeluted unretained. The retained compound can later be released in a purified state. Affinitychromatography is normally practised as an on–off separation technique.Agarose:High molecular weight polysaccharide used as a separation medium in biochromatography. It is used in bead form, often in gel-filtrationchromatography, with aqueous mobile phases. Alkoxysilane:A reactant used for the preparation of chemically bonded phases. It will react with silica gel as follows:R3SiOR ϩϵSiOH ¡ϵSi–OSiR3ϩROHwhere R is an alkyl group.Alumina:A normal-phase adsorbent used in adsorption chromatography. Aluminium oxide is a porousadsorbent that is available with a slightly basicsurface; neutral and acidic modifications can also be made. Basic alumina can have advantages oversilica, which is considered to have an acidic surface. Amino phase:A propylamino phase used in normal bonded-phase chromatography. It is somewhatreactive for solute molecules such as aldehydes ormobile-phase additives that can react with amines.The amino phase has found some applications as aweak anion exchanger, and it is also used for theseparation of carbohydrates with a water–acetonitrile mobile phase. It is a relatively unstable phase. Amphoteric ion-exchange resin:Ion-exchange resins that have both positive and negative ionic groups.These resins are most useful for ion retardation in which all ionic materials can be removed fromsolution because the anionic and cationicfunctionalities coexist on the same material. Analyte:The compound of interest to be analysed by injection into and elution from an HPLC column. Anion exchange:The ion-exchange procedure used for the separation of anions. Synthetic resins, bonded-phase silicas and other metal oxides can be analysed in this mode. A typical anion-exchange functionalgroup is the tetraalkylammonium, which makes astrong anion exchanger. An amino group on abonded stationary phase is an example of a weakanion exchanger.Asymmetry:Factor describing the shape of a chromatographic peak. Chromatographic theoryassumes a Gaussian shape and that peaks aresymmetrical. A quantitative measure is the peakasymmetry factor, which is the ratio of the distanceLC•GC Europe3C8:See octylsilane.C18:See octadecylsilane.C4, C8, C18etc.:Refer to the alkyl-chain length of a reversed bonded phase.C S:See Langmuir isotherm.Capacity:See sample capacity.Capacity factor (kЈ):Old term for a chromatographic parameter that measures the degree of retention.Now defined as the retention factor(k) by theInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). See also retention factor for method ofcalculation.Capillary column:Refers to columns with inner diameters less than 0.5 mm.Capillary electrochromatography (CEC):A hybrid technique in which capillary columns are packedwith chromatographic sorbents, and electroosmotic flow rather than pressure moves mobile phasethrough the column; technique has the surface-mediated selectivity potential of HPLC and the high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis (CE).Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE):A technique in which a capillary is filled with, or the walls coated or covalently bonded with, cross-linked polyacrylamide to simulate slab gel electrophoresis; this polymernetwork uses a sieving mechanism; used for protein, carbohydrate and DNA separations such asfingerprinting and sequencing.Capillary isoelectric focusing:Separation is based on isoelectric points of proteins; the capillary is filledwith solution; the sample is introduced into thecapillary in the presence of ampholytes; under the application of an electric field, the protein migrates until it reaches a pH at which it is neutralized and maintains that position in the capillary.Capillary LC:Generally refers to HPLC performed in a fused-silica or other type of capillary column; theinner diameters are typically less than 0.5 mm; has also been called micro-LC.Capillary micellar electrochromatography:The CEC version of micellar electrokinetic capillarychromatography (MEKC).Capillary tubing:Tubing to connect various parts of a chromatograph and to direct flow to the properplaces. Most capillary tubing used in HPLC is lessthan 0.020 in. in inner diameter. The smallest useful inner diameter is approximately 0.004 in.Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE):CE performed inan open fused-silica capillary tube with and without various additives and capillary coatings; also called open-tube capillary zone electrophoresis. Capping:Same as endcapping.Carrier:A term most often used in affinitychromatography; refers to the support that bindsthe active ligand, usually by a covalent bond; canalso refer to the support in other chromatography modes such as liquid–liquid chromatography. Carrier gas:The mobile phase in gas chromatography (GC).Cartridge column:A column type that has no endfittings and is held in a cartridge holder. Thecolumn comprises a tube and packing contained by frits in each end of the tube. Cartridges are easy to change and are less expensive and more convenient than conventional columns with endfittings.Cation-exchange chromatography:The form of ion-exchange chromatography that uses resins orpackings with functional groups that can separate cations. An example of a strong cation functionalgroup would be a sulfonic acid; a weak cation-exchange functional group would be a carboxylicacid.CE:Capillary electrophoresis.CEC:See capillary electrochromatography.CGE:See capillary gel electrophoresis.Chain length:The length of carbon chain in the hydrocarbon portion of a reversed-phase packing. It is expressed as the number of carbon atoms (C8, C18 etc.). It specifically excludes the short chains —typically methyl, isopropyl and sec-butyl groups —that are also attached to the silane.Channelling:Occurs when voids created in the packing material cause mobile phase and accompanyingsolutes to move more rapidly than the average flow velocity, which in turn allows band broadening to occur. The voids are created by poor packing orerosion of the packed bed.Chemisorption:Sorption caused by a chemical reaction with the packing. Most of these interactions areirreversible and usually occur on packings withreactive functional groups such as silanol or bonded amino phases. Chemisorption is common with metal oxide phases that have strong Lewis acid sites. Chiral recognition:The ability of a chiral stationary phase to interact differently with two enantiomers thereby leading to their HPLC separation.6GLOSSARY OF LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATION TERMSChiral stationary phases:Stationary phases that are designed to separate enantiomeric mixtures. Thephases can be coated or bonded to solid supports, created in situ on the surface of the solid support, or exist as surface cavities that allow specificinteractions with one enantiomeric form. Chlorosilane:A chemical reagent used to prepare siloxane bonded phases; reactivity changes from a monochlorosilane Ͻdichlorosilane Ͻtrichlorosilane;the alkyl portion (octadecyl, octyl, etc.) will dictate the hydrophobicity of the resulting bonded phase;alkoxysilanes can be used but are less reactive. Chromatogram:A plot of detector signal output or sample concentration versus time or elution volume during the chromatographic process. Chromatograph:As a noun: a device used to implement a chromatographic separation. As a verb (IUPAC): the act of separating by elution through a chromatographic bed.Classification:The process of sizing column packing particles; generally in HPLC, small particle-sizedistribution provides better efficiency and a greater permeability because of the absence of fines.Classification can be performed by sedimentation, elutriation and centrifugal air techniques.Column back pressure:See head pressure.Column chromatography:Any form ofchromatography that uses a column or tube to hold the stationary phase. Open-column chromatography, HPLC and open-tubular capillary chromatographyare all forms of column chromatography. Most often refers to open-column chromatography used forpreparative-scale work.Column length (L):The length of chromatography column in HPLC or capillary in CE used to perform the liquid-phase separation.Column performance (N):Refers to the efficiency of a column; the number of theoretical plates for a given test compound.Column plate number (N):Denotes the column efficiency; the larger the plate number, the moretheoretical plates the column possesses; a typicalwell-packed column with a 5 µm d p porous packing in a 15 cm ϫ4.6 mm column should provide10000–12000 plates.Column switching:Using multiple columns connected by switching valves for better chromatographicseparations or sample clean-up. Fractions from aprimary column can be switched to two or moresecondary columns, which in turn can be furtherdiverted to additional columns or to detectors;sometimes called multidimensional chromatography. Column volume (V c):The volume of the unpacked column; V cϭA c L, where A c and L are the cross-sectional area of the tube and the tube length,respectively.Competing base:Adding a small basic compound such as triethylamine or dimethyloctylamine at 10–50 mM concentration to the mobile phase in reversed-phase chromatography to inhibit basic analytes frominteracting with residual silanols; works by the law of mass action because concentration of competing base is much greater than analyte. See also additive. Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography: Two-dimensional chromatography applied to every fraction. See also two-dimensional chromatography. Controlled surface porosity support:Same as porous-layer bead and pellicular packing.Counter-ion:The ion in solution used to displace the ion of interest from the ionic site in an ion-exchange process. In ion pairing, it is the ion ofopposite charge added to the mobile phase to forma neutral ion pair in solution.Coupled columns:A form of column switching that uses a primary column connected to two secondary columns by a selector valve. Fractions from the first column can be selectively transferred to the second and third columns for additional separations. Thisterm is also used to describe two or more columns connected in series to provide an increased number of plates.Coverage:Refers to the amount of bonded phase on a silica support in bonded-phase chromatography.Coverage is usually described in micromoles persquare metre or in terms of percentage carbon(w/w).Critical micelle concentration:The concentration of an ionic surfactant above which a micelle is formed by aggregation; micelles added to a mobile phaseimprove the separation of non-ionic substances inHPLC and CE (MEKC) by a partitioning mechanism. Cross-linking:During the process of copolymerization of resins to form a three-dimensional matrix, adifunctional monomer is added to form cross-linkages between adjacent polymer chains. Thedegree of cross-linking is determined by the amountLC•GC Europe7of the monomer added to the reaction. Forexample, divinylbenzene is a typical cross-linkingagent for the production of polystyrene ion-exchange resins. The swelling and diffusioncharacteristics of a resin are governed by its degree of cross-linking.Cyclodextrins:Cyclic oligomers of several D-(ϩ)-glucopyranose units used in chiral HPLC and CEseparations; popular ones are named ␣-, ␤- and ␥-cyclodextrins; they have a truncated cone shape, a relatively hydrophobic cavity, and primary andsecondary hydroxyl groups at their ends; theyseparate on the basis of differential inclusion ofenantiomers; modified cyclodextrins withderivatized hydroxyl groups are also used forselectivity modification.CZE:See capillary zone electrophoresis.DDead volume (V M):The column dead volume comprises the entire space accessible to a small molecule that can fully permeate all pores of a packing material. It includes the interstitial volume and the unoccupied pore volume. It is denoted as V M. The system dead volume includes the additional volume in the tubing that connects the injector and detector to thecolumn. The system dead volume is usuallyestimated by injecting a small, essentially unretained species. Uracil, acetone and thiourea are mostcommonly used species in reversed-phasechromatography. See also adjusted retentionvolume,hold-up volume and void volume.DEAE:See diethylaminoethyl.Degassing:The process of removing dissolved gas from the mobile phase before or during use. Dissolvedgas may come out of solution in the detector celland cause baseline spikes and noise. Dissolved aircan affect detectors such as electrochemical (byreaction) or fluorescence (by quenching) detectors.Dissolved gases can also cause pumps to lose their prime. Degassing is performed by heating thesolvent, helium sparging or using vacuum (in avacuum flask) or on-line evacuation from a tubemade of a gas-permeable substance such aspolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Denaturing HPLC:Using reversed-phase HPLC to investigate genetic mutations by the investigation of DNA base pairs.Desalting:Technique in which low molecular weight salts and other compounds can be removed fromnon-ionic and high molecular weight compounds.An example is using a reversed-phase packing toretain sample compounds by hydrophobic effectsyet allowing salts to pass through unretained. Using an SEC column to exclude large molecules andretain lower molecular weight salts is anotherexample.Dextran:Polydextran-based packing material primarily used for low-pressure biochromatography; anexample is Sephadex (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Roosendaal, The Netherlands).Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE):A popular weak anion-exchange functionality (typically attached tocellulose or Sepharose [Amersham PharmaciaBiotech]) used for separating biomolecules. Diffusion coefficient (D M or D S):A fundamental parameter of a molecule in gas, solution (D M) orstationary phase (D S). Expressed in squarecentimetres per second. D M is dependent on themolecular weight of the solute, temperature,solvent viscosity and molar volume of the solute. A typical value for a 100 Da molecule in reversed-phase chromatography at room temperature is 10Ϫ5 cm2/s.Diol phase:A hydrophilic phase that is useful in normal and reversed phase. It is a diol structure(two –OH groups on adjacent carbon atoms in analiphatic chain). In normal-phase work, it is lesspolar than silica. It has been used to separateproteins and polypeptides in reversed-phasechromatography.Displacement chromatography:A chromatographic process in which the sample is placed onto thecolumn head and is then displaced by a compound that is more strongly sorbed than the compounds of the original mixture. Sample molecules are thendisplaced by each other and by the more stronglysorbed compound. The result is that the elutedsample solute zones may be sharpened;displacement techniques have been used mainly in preparative-scale HPLC applications.Distribution constant (coefficient) (K c):The total equilibrium concentration of a component in allforms or on the stationary phase divided by thetotal equilibrium concentration of the component in the mobile phase; also called the distribution8GLOSSARY OF LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATION TERMScoefficient or the partition coefficient in partitionchromatography. In partition chromatography, K c is used when the concentration in the stationaryphase is expressed per unit volume of the phase (V RϭV MϩK c V S). In a solid stationary phase, K g is used and is expressed per mass (weight) of the dry solid phase. In adsorption chromatography with awell-characterized adsorbent of known surface area, the concentration in the stationary phase isexpressed per unit surface area.D M:See diffusion coefficient.d p:See particle size.D S:See diffusion coefficient.Dwell time:The time equivalent to dwell volume;determined by the product of flow-rate and thedwell volume.Dwell volume:The volume between the point of mixing of solvents (usually in the mixing chamber or at the proportioning valves in the liquidchromatograph) and the head of an LC column.Important in gradient elution or in isocratic elution situations when changes in solvent composition are made so that the column experiences thecomposition change in the shortest possible time.Low-pressure mixing systems generally have larger dwell volumes than high-pressure mixing systems. Dynamic coating:The formation of in-situ coatings on the packing in HPLC or on capillary walls in CE byadding a substance to the mobile phase thatadsorbs onto (or absorbs into) the packing or at the wall surface. The purpose of a dynamic coating is to generate a new stationary phase or to deactivatethe packing material or capillary wall to preventunwanted interactions. One simple example is the adjustment of the mobile phase or running buffer to less than pH 3 to protonate silanols and negate their effect. Another example is coating the phase with a hydrophilic polymeric material to preventadsorption of proteins.E␧:See interparticle porosity.E:See separation impedance.Eddy dispersion (diffusion) term (␭):The A term in the van Deemter equation. It is the contribution to plate height from the heterogeneity in axial velocities as a result of the particle size and geometry of thepacking, as well as wall effects; A ϭ2␭d p, where ␭isan empirical column constant. Typical values of ␭for well-packed columns are 0.8–1.0. Some theories of chromatography indicate a velocity-dependentcontribution to the height equivalent to atheoretical plate (HETP) from this process. Alsoknown as eddy diffusion, flow-heterogeneityinduced broadening, and the multipath term. Seealso van Deemter equation.␧e:See interstitial porosity.Effective capillary length: The distance between the point of sample addition and the point of detection in CE. For on-capillary detection in which thecolumn is used as the flowcell in UV detection, this length is shorter than the capillary length.Effective plate height (H eff):The column length divided by the effective plate number.Effective theoretical plates (N eff):Also called the effective plate number by IUPAC. The true number of plates in a column, because it corrects theoretical plates for dead volume. N effϭ16[(t RЈ/w b)2], where t RЈis the adjusted retention time and w b is thebandwidth of the peak (see Figure 2). It is a better figure of merit than simple plate number forcomparing devices of very different geometries and phase ratios.Efficiency (N or H):A measure typically determined by the number of theoretical plates (N) calculated from the equation Nϭ16(V R/w b)2ϭ16(t R/w b)2, wherew b is the peak width measured at the base (seeFigure 2). If the peak width is measured at halfheight (w h), the following equation is used: Nϭ5.545 (V R/w h)2. The plate height (H) or HETP isdetermined by HϭL/N. The efficiency of asymmetric peaks is better determined from the peak centroid and variance by mathematical analysis of the peak shape. See also Foley–Dorsey equation.Effluent:The mobile phase leaving the column; same as eluate.␧i:See intraparticle porosity.Electroendosmotic flow:See electroosmotic flow. Electromigration injection:Inlet end of CE capillary is placed in sample solution and voltage is applied fora set time; analytes move from sample vial intocapillary; discrimination effects may occur because compounds of differing charges will migrate atdifferent rates.Electroosmotic flow (v eo):Bulk flow of solvent within capillary caused by presence of zeta potentialLC•GC Europe9(electric charge) at the capillary walls and absence of flow resistance. Most likely source of zetapotential is presence of ionized silanols at the fused-silica surface or intentional coating of the capillary wall with an ionic phase. Depending upon zetapotential, electroosmotic flow may be towardsanode or cathode and contributes to overallretention in CE techniques.Electrophoresis:The movement of sample ions under the influence of an applied voltage. Electrophoretic mobility (µ):Characteristic of a given ion in a given medium and at a given temperature in CE analyses; proportional to the charge of ionand inversely proportional to solution viscosity and the ion’s radius.Eluate:Combination of mobile phase and solute exiting the column; also called effluent.Eluent:The mobile phase used to perform aseparation.Eluite:The species being eluted, the analyte or the sample.Eluotropic series:A series of solvents (eluents) with an increasing degree of solvent strength generally used in liquid–solid or adsorption chromatography. Innormal-phase chromatography, a non-polar solvent such as pentane would be at the low end of thescale, an intermediate solvent such as methylenechloride would be in the middle of the scale, and a strongly polar solvent such as methanol would benear the upper end of the scale. In reversed-phase chromatography, the reverse order of strengthwould be observed; water would be weak andacetonitrile strong. Thus, when developing amethod or running a gradient, an eluotropic series is useful for selecting solvents. See also Snyder␧o. Elute:To chromatograph by elution chromatography.The term elute is preferred over develop, which was used in older nomenclature.Elution:The process of passing mobile phase through the column to transport solutes down a column. Elution chromatography:The most commonly used chromatographic method in which a sample isapplied to the head of the column as a narrow zone and individual analytes are separated and elutedfrom the end of the column. Compare withdisplacement chromatography and frontal analysis. Elution volume (V R):Refers to the volume of mobile phase necessary to elute a solute from a column. Itis the volume from the point of injection to thevolume at maximum concentration (apex) for a symmetrical peak; V RϭFt R, where F is the flow-rate and t R is the retention time of the peak of interest. Elutriation:A technique used to fractionate packing particles by size based on the difference in theirStokes terminal velocities. It is most often used for the separation of ion-exchange resins that require a particularly narrow size range, such as amino acid resins. The technique involves the upward flow of water into a large tube. The unsized beads areadded to the moving water, and the particles seek their own level, depending upon their density and particle size. They are removed at certain levels in the tube. High-purity spherical silica gels aresometimes sized by elutriation.Endcapping:A technique used to remove silica gel silanol groups that may remain after reaction with a large silylating agent such as octadecyltrichlorosilane.The column is said to be endcapped when a small silylating reagent (such as trimethylchlorosilane or dichlorodimethylsilane) is used to bond residualsilanol groups on a silica-gel–based packing surface.Most often used with reversed-phase packings tominimize undesirable adsorption of basic, ionizable and ionic compounds. Endcapping reactions are also used to remove terminal silanol groups frompolymeric phases.Endfitting:The fitting at the end of the column that permits connection to the injector or detector. Most HPLC endfittings have frits to contain the packing and low dead volumes for minimum bandspreading. They are usually constructed of stainless steel, but polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and otherpolymeric materials are also used. Enzymophoresis:A tandem format in which a short fused-silica capillary containing immobilized enzyme on the inner wall is coupled with a CZE capillary; an enzymatic reaction occurs with the injected sample, and the products and unreacted substances enterthe separation capillary; used to improveseparations, detection or analyte preconcentration.␧T:See total porosity.Exchange capacity:See ion-exchange capacity. Excluded volume:See interstitial volume.Exclusion chromatography:See ion-exclusion chromatography and steric exclusionchromatography.10GLOSSARY OF LIQUID-PHASE SEPARATION TERMS。

1.2.色谱英语词汇点击次数：628 发布时间：2010-1-15色谱图 chromatogram色谱峰 chromatographic peak峰底 peak base峰高 h，peak height峰宽 W，peak width半高峰宽 Wh/2，peak width at half height峰面积 A，peak area拖尾峰 tailing area前伸峰 leading area假峰 ghost peak畸峰 distorted peak反峰 negative peak拐点 inflection point原点 origin斑点 spot区带 zone复班 multiple spot区带脱尾 zone tailing基线 base line基线漂移 baseline drift基线噪声 N，baseline noise统计矩 moment一阶原点矩γ1，first origin moment二阶中心矩μ2，second central moment三阶中心矩μ3，third central moment液相色谱法 liquid chromatography，LC液液色谱法 liquid liquid chromatography，LLC液固色谱法 liquid solid chromatography，LSC正相液相色谱法 normal phase liquid chromatography反相液相色谱法 reversed phase liquid chromatography，RPLC柱液相色谱法 liquid column chromatography高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC尺寸排除色谱法 size exclusion chromatography，SEC凝胶过滤色谱法 gel filtration chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法 gel permeation chromatography，GPC亲和色谱法 affinity chromatography离子交换色谱法 ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子色谱法 ion chromatography离子抑制色谱法 ion suppression chromatography离子对色谱法 ion pair chromatography疏水作用色谱法 hydrophobic interaction chromatography制备液相色谱法 preparative liquid chromatography平面色谱法 planar chromatography纸色谱法 paper chromatography薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography，TLC高效薄层色谱法 high performance thin layer chromatography，HPTLC 浸渍薄层色谱法 impregnated thin layer chromatography凝胶薄层色谱法 gel thin layer chromatography离子交换薄层色谱法 ion exchange thin layer chromatography制备薄层色谱法 preparative thin layer chromatography薄层棒色谱法 thin layer rod chromatography液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph制备液相色谱仪 preparative liquid chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪 gel permeation chromatograph涂布器 spreader点样器 sample applicator色谱柱 chromatographic column棒状色谱柱 monolith column monolith column微粒柱 microparticle column填充毛细管柱 packed capillary column空心柱 open tubular column微径柱 microbore column混合柱 mixed column组合柱 coupled column预柱 precolumn保护柱 guard column预饱和柱 presaturation column浓缩柱 concentrating column抑制柱 suppression column薄层板 thin layer plate浓缩区薄层板 concentrating thin layer plate荧光薄层板 fluorescence thin layer plate反相薄层板 reversed phase thin layer plate梯度薄层板 gradient thin layer plate烧结板 sintered plate展开室 development chamber往复泵 reciprocating pump注射泵 syringe pump气动泵 pneumatic pump蠕动泵 peristaltic pump检测器 detector微分检测器 differential detector积分检测器 integral detector总体性能检测器 bulk property detector溶质性能检测器 solute property detector(示差)折光率检测器 [differential] refractive index detector 荧光检测器 fluorescence detector紫外可见光检测器 ultraviolet visible detector电化学检测器 electrochemical detector蒸发(激光)光散射检测器 [laser] light scattering detector光密度计 densitometer薄层扫描仪 thin layer scanner柱后反应器 post-column reactor体积标记器 volume marker记录器 recorder积分仪 integrator馏分收集器 fraction collector工作站 work station固定相 stationary phase固定液 stationary liquid载体 support柱填充剂 column packing化学键合相填充剂 chemically bonded phase packing薄壳型填充剂 pellicular packing多孔型填充剂 porous packing吸附剂 adsorbent离子交换剂 ion exchanger基体 matrix载板 support plate粘合剂 binder流动相 mobile phase洗脱(淋洗)剂 eluant，eluent展开剂 developer等水容剂 isohydric solvent改性剂 modifier显色剂 color [developing] agent死时间 t0，dead time保留时间 tR，retention time调整保留时间 t'R，adjusted retention time死体积 V0，dead volume保留体积 vR，retention volume调整保留体积 v'R，adjusted retention volume柱外体积 Vext，extra-column volune粒间体积 V0，interstitial volume(多孔填充剂的)孔体积 VP，pore volume of porous packing 液相总体积 Vtol，total liquid volume洗脱体积 ve，elution volume流体力学体积 vh，hydrodynamic volume相对保留值 ri.s，relative retention value分离因子α，separation factor流动相迁移距离 dm，mobile phase migration distance流动相前沿 mobile phase front溶质迁移距离 ds，solute migration distance比移值 Rf，Rf value高比移值 hRf，high Rf value相对比移值 Ri.s，relative Rf value保留常数值 Rm，Rm value板效能 plate efficiency折合板高 hr，reduced plate height分离度 R，resolution液相载荷量 liquid phase loading离子交换容量 ion exchange capacity负载容量 loading capacity渗透极限 permeability limit排除极限 Vh，max，exclusion limit拖尾因子 T，tailing factor柱外效应 extra-column effect管壁效应 wall effect间隔臂效应 spacer arm effect边缘效应 edge effect斑点定位法 localization of spot放射自显影法 autoradiography原位定量 in situ quantitation生物自显影法 bioautography归一法 normalization method内标法 internal standard method外标法 external standard method叠加法 addition method普适校准(曲线、函数) calibration function or curve [function]谱带扩展(加宽) band broadening(分离作用的)校准函数或校准曲线 universal calibration function or curve [of separation]加宽校正 broadening correction加宽校正因子 broadening correction factor溶剂强度参数ε0，solvent strength parameter洗脱序列 eluotropic series洗脱(淋洗) elution等度洗脱 gradient elution梯度洗脱 gradient elution(再)循环洗脱 recycling elution线性溶剂强度洗脱 linear solvent strength gradient程序溶剂 programmed solvent程序压力 programmed pressure程序流速 programmed flow展开 development上行展开 ascending development下行展开 descending development双向展开 two dimensional development环形展开 circular development离心展开 centrifugal development向心展开 centripetal development径向展开 radial development多次展开 multiple development分步展开 stepwise development连续展开 continuous development梯度展开 gradient development匀浆填充 slurry packing停流进样 stop-flow injection阀进样 valve injection柱上富集 on-column enrichment流出液 eluate柱上检测 on-column detection柱寿命 column life柱流失 column bleeding 显谱 visualization活化 activation反冲 back flushing脱气 degassing沟流 channeling过载 overloading3.4. flame ionization detector, FID - 氢火焰离子化检测器(热度: 119)5.6. detector linear range - 检测器线性范围(热度: 193)7. rotational little-chamber counter-current chromatography - 旋转小室逆流色谱(热度: 193)8. outside gradient - 外梯度(热度: 77)9. relative volatility - 相对挥发度(热度: 87)10. static headspace analysis - 静态顶空分析法(热度: 289)11. enzyme immnunoassay - 酶免疫分析(热度: 107)12. on-line electrical stacking - 在线电堆集(热度: 139)13. non-gel capillary electrophoresis - 无胶筛分毛细管电泳(热度: 122)14. permeation limit molecular weight - 渗透极限分子量(热度: 131)15. laser and light heat detector - 激光光热检测器(热度: 93)16. plastic pump - 塑料泵(热度: 117)17. ion pair chromatography, IPC - 离子对色谱法(热度: 149)18. centric-preparation TLC - 离心制备薄层色谱法(热度: 123)19. effective peak number EPN - 有效峰数(热度: 223)20. salting-out paper chromatography - 盐析纸色谱法(热度: 103)21. mass flow rate sensitive detector - 质量型检测器(热度: 143)22. relative carbon response factor - 相对碳（重量）响应因子(热度: 195)23. coating efficiency - 涂渍效率(热度: 77)24. capillary gel column - 毛细管凝胶柱(热度: 93)25. ion suppression chromatography, ISC - 离子抑制色谱法(热度: 144)缩略语:ISC26. volumetric chromatography - 体积色谱法(热度: 81)27. on-column electrical conductivity detection - 在柱电导率检测(热度: 161)28. chromatographic peak - 色谱峰(热度: 91)29. elution chromatography - 淋洗色谱法(热度: 123)30. piezoelectric crystal - 压电晶体(热度: 397)31. average flow rate - 载气平均流速(热度: 119)32. capacity factor - 容量因子(热度: 157)33. plug flow - 塞式流动(热度: 139)34. Microbore column - 小内径毛细管柱(热度: 174)35. exclusion volume - 排斥体积(热度: 216)36. immunity analysis of capillary electrophoresis - 毛细管电泳免疫分析(热度: 115)37. over-all resolution efficiency - 总分离效能指标(热度: 93)38. eluent ion - 淋洗离子(热度: 69)39. the window of migration time - 迁移时间窗口(热度: 165)40. resistance of liquid mass transfer - 液相传质阻力(热度: 191)41. inorganic ion exchanger - 无机离子交换剂(热度: 67)42. solution property detector - 溶液性能检测器(热度: 139)43. bubble form pool - 泡形池(热度: 139)44. centrifugal counter-current chromatography - 离心逆流色谱(热度: 93)45. Curie point pyrolyzer - 居里点裂解器(热度: 107)46. preparative chromatograph - 制备色谱仪(热度: 65)47. peak width - 色谱峰区域宽度(热度: 119)48. detector sensitivity - 检测器灵敏度(热度: 127)49. preparation column - 制备柱(热度: 133)50. theory of restricted diffusion - 限制扩散理论(热度: 133)51. adsorbing material - 吸附剂(热度: 127)52. phase ratio - 相比率(热度: 115)53. dual reservation mechanism - 双保留机理(热度: 109)54. vacuum degasser - 真空脱气装置(热度: 81)55. rotating thin layer chromatography - 旋转薄层法(热度: 105)56. sheath flow pool - 鞘流池(热度: 195)57. laser-induced fluorescence detector - 激光诱导荧光检测器(热度: 175)58. polymer substrate ion exchanger - 聚合物基质离子交换剂(热度: 230)59. eluent gradient - 流动相梯度(热度: 107)60. noise –signal ratio - 噪信比(热度: 101)61. injection valve - 进样阀(热度: 107)62. reciprocating pump - 往复泵(热度: 99)63. differential refraction detector - 示差折光检测器(热度: 123)64. hydrostatic pressure injection - 流体动力学进样(热度: 91)65. ion pair formation model - 离子对形成模型(热度: 83)66. fraction collector - 馏分收集器(热度: 527)67. eddy diffusion - 涡流扩散(热度: 77)68. differential detector - 微分型检测器(热度: 109)69. reciprocating diaphragm pump - 往复式隔膜泵(热度: 93)70. adsorption column - 吸附柱(热度: 71)71. laser-reduced capillary vibration detection - 激光诱导毛细管振动测量(热度: 101)72. liquid chromatography-FTIR - 液相色谱-傅里叶变换红外光谱联用(热度: 135)73. microchip electrophoresis - 芯片电泳(热度: 143)74. micellar electrokinetic chromatography - 毛细管胶束电动色谱(热度: 145)75. rectangle form pool - 矩形池(热度: 113)76. solvent pump - 溶剂泵(热度: 77)77. frontal method - 迎头色谱法(热度: 123)78. capillary electrophoresis - 毛细管电泳(热度: 201)79. capillary electrophoresis –electrospray ionization mass spectrum, - 毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用(热度: 221)80. radial compression column - 径向压缩柱(热度: 127)81. pressure high limit - 压力上限(热度: 117)82. chromatograph coupled with infrared spectrophotometer - 气相色谱-红外光谱联用仪(热度: 163)83. chromatothermography - 热色谱法(热度: 81)84. piezoelectric transducer - 压电转换器(热度: 121)1. on-line electrical stacking - 在线电堆集(热度: 139)2. exchangable ion - 可交换离子(热度: 119)3. dual column chromatography - 双柱色谱法(热度: 73)4. open tubular column - 开口管柱(热度: 91)5. gas chromatography - 气相色谱仪(热度: 233)6. refractive index detector, RID - 折射率检测器(热度: 159)7. chiral derivation method - 手性衍生化法(热度: 115)8. selective stationary phase - 特殊选择固定液(热度: 125)9. gel column - 凝胶柱(热度: 97)10. radiofrequency discharge detector - 射频放电检测器(热度: 97)11. derivatization method - 衍生化法(热度: 95)12. non-porous monodisperse packing - 无孔单分散填料(热度: 113)13. heat lens detection of intersect laser-induced - 相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量(热度: 111)14. reticular structure - 网状结构(热度: 81)15. ion interaction model - 离子相互作用模型(热度: 105)16. column regeneration - 柱再生(热度: 141)17. hydrodynamic volume - 流体力学体积(热度: 143)18. carbon molecular sieve - 碳分子筛(热度: 115)19. capillary electrophoresis –electrospray ionization mass spectrum, - 毛细管电泳电喷雾质谱联用(热度: 221)20. longitudinal diffusion - 轴向扩散(热度: 131)21. preparative chromatography - 制备色谱(热度: 89)22. total exchange capacity - 总交换容量(热度: 135)23. preparative chromatograph - 制备色谱仪(热度: 65)24. non-gel capillary electrophoresis - 无胶筛分毛细管电泳(热度: 122)25. plastic pump - 塑料泵(热度: 117)26. sheath flow pool - 鞘流池(热度: 195)27. column oven - 柱温箱(热度: 222)28. relative sensitivity - 相对灵敏度(热度: 93)29. normal phase ion-pair chromatography - 正相离子对色谱法(热度: 151)30. syringe pump - 注射泵(热度: 96)31. switching time - 切换时间(热度: 179)32. evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD - 蒸发光散射检测器(热度: 265)33. differential refraction detector - 示差折光检测器(热度: 123)34. vacuum degasser - 真空脱气装置(热度: 81)35. Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor - 绒毛促性腺传感器(热度: 95)36. axial compression column - 轴向压缩柱(热度: 101)37. capillary array electrophoresis - 阵列毛细管电泳(热度: 133)38. capillary ion analysis - 毛细管电泳离子分析(热度: 87)39. gradient elution device - 梯度洗脱装置(热度: 213)40. capillary gel electrophoresis - 毛细管凝胶电泳(热度: 90)41. optimum practical flow rate - 最佳实际流速(热度: 77)42. on-column electrical conductivity detection - 在柱电导率检测(热度: 161)43. displacement chromatography - 置换色谱法(热度: 101)44. hollow fiber suppressor - 中空纤维抑制器(热度: 105)45. adsorption equilibrium constant - 吸附平衡常数(热度: 107)46. Enzyme linked immunosensor - 酶联免疫传感器(热度: 129)47. rotating thin layer chromatography - 旋转薄层法(热度: 105)48. exponential flow - 指数式流动(热度: 103)49. laser-reduced capillary vibration detection - 激光诱导毛细管振动测量(热度: 101)50. laser desorption MS, LDMS - 激光解吸质谱法(热度: 121)51. minimum detectable quantity - 最小检测量(热度: 151)52. column capacity - 柱容量(热度: 131)53. automatic sampler - 自动进样器(热度: 131)54. solvophobic chromatography - 疏溶剂色谱法(热度: 69)55. linear velocity - 线速度(热度: 143)56. Organic biosensor - 有机相生物传感器(热度: 113)57. double-column qualitative method - 双柱定性法(热度: 155)58. laser chromatography - 激光色谱(热度: 103)59. gas chromatography，GC - 气相色谱法(热度: 87)60. piezoelectric transducer - 压电转换器(热度: 121)61. on-line detection - 柱上检测(热度: 131)62. wall coated open tubular column - 涂壁毛细管柱(热度: 71)缩略语:WCOT63. pressure low limit - 压力下限(热度: 103)64. static coating method - 静态涂渍法(热度: 85)65. absolute detector - 绝对检测器(热度: 69)66. strongly acidic cation exchanger - 强酸性阳离子交换剂(热度: 145)67. physical deactivation - 物理钝化法(热度: 105)68. ion exchange site - 离子交换位置(热度: 89)69. plug flow - 塞式流动(热度: 139)70. DNA sensor - 脱氧核糖核酸电化学传感器(热度: 145)71. chromatography - 手性色谱chiral (热度: 117)72. column bleeding - 柱流失(热度: 83)73. thermomicro and transfer- application- substance TLC - 热微量转移薄层色谱法(热度: 137)74. manual injector - 手动进样器(热度: 169)75. solubility parameter - 溶解度参数(热度: 179)76. weight mean molecular weight - 重均分子量(热度: 163)77. relative Rf value - 相对比移值(热度: 171)78. mass detector - 质量型检测器(热度: 85)79. biological chromatography - 生物色谱(热度: 97)80. bonded ion exchanger - 键合型离子交换剂(热度: 103)1. liquid phase loading - 液相载荷量(热度: 103)2. bonded ion exchanger - 键合型离子交换剂(热度: 103)3. frontal chromatography - 前沿色谱法(热度: 121)4. gel chromatography - 凝胶色谱法(热度: 109)5. gel inner volume - 凝胶内体积(热度: 71)6. microchip electrophoresis - 芯片电泳(热度: 143)7. electrical double layer - 双电层(热度: 143)8. cylindrical model - 圆筒模型(热度: 73)9. heat lens detection of intersect laser-induced - 相交束激光诱导的热透镜测量(热度: 111)10. pressure protect - 压力保护(热度: 95)11. low-angle laser light scattering photometer - 小角激光散射光度计(热度: 165)12. gel chromatograph - 凝胶色谱仪(热度: 99)13. injector - 进样器(热度: 117)14. argon ionization detector - 氩电离检测器(热度: 119)15. Glucose sensor - 葡萄糖传感器(热度: 69)16. dual column chromatography - 双柱色谱法(热度: 73)17. soft gel - 软（质）凝胶(热度: 165)18. Donnan exclusion - 唐南排斥(热度: 329)19. radial flow column - 径流柱(热度: 83)20. optimum practical flow rate - 最佳实际流速(热度: 77)21. sample pretreatment - 样品预处理(热度: 65)22. ion exchange capillary electrokinetic - 离子交换毛细管电色谱(热度: 106)23. samt injection of chromatography - 色谱富集过样(热度: 131)24. detector sensitivity - 检测器灵敏度(热度: 127)25. positive capillary electrokinetic chromatography - 正相毛细管电色谱(热度: 127)26. Organic biosensor - 有机相生物传感器(热度: 113)27. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry - 液相色谱-质谱分析法(热度: 171)28. pressure low limit - 压力下限(热度: 103)29. chromatography - 手性色谱chiral (热度: 117)30. net retention volume - 净保留体积(热度: 89)31. latex-agglomerated ion exchanger - 乳胶附聚型离子交换剂(热度: 129)32. static headspace analysis - 静态顶空分析法(热度: 289)33. absorbance ratio method - 吸光度比值法(热度: 159)34. chromatographic working station - 色谱工作站(热度: 163)35. ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography - 离子交换电动色谱(热度: 73)36. sheath flow liquid - 鞘流液(热度: 732)37. plug flow - 塞式流动(热度: 139)38. response time - 响应时间(热度: 107)39. joule heating - 焦耳热(热度: 105)40. middle-pressure liquid chromatography - 中压液相色谱(热度: 105)41. soap film gas meter - 皂膜流量计(热度: 117)42. effective peak number EPN - 有效峰数(热度: 223)43. adsorption type porous-layer open tubular colum - 吸附型PLOT柱(热度: 196)44. centrifugal counter-current chromatography - 离心逆流色谱(热度: 93)45. corrected retention volume - 校正保留体积(热度: 121)46. fluorescence chromatography - 荧光色谱法(热度: 489)47. weak-base anion exchanger - 弱碱性阴离子交换剂(热度: 101)48. chromatographic peak - 色谱峰(热度: 91)49. silanophilic interaction - 亲硅醇基效应(热度: 147)50. ultraviolet visible detector, UV-Vis - 紫外-可见光检测器(热度: 489)51. exchangable ion - 可交换离子(热度: 119)52. adsorption column - 吸附柱(热度: 71)53. theory of restricted diffusion - 限制扩散理论(热度: 133)54. direct chemical ionization GC-MS - 直接化学离子化(热度: 269)55. extra-column effect - 柱外效应(热度: 75)56. pore size distribution - 孔径分布(热度: 131)57. double-column qualitative method - 双柱定性法(热度: 155)58. column internal diameter - 柱内径(热度: 115)59. isotachophoresis - 毛细管等速电泳(热度: 91)60. graphitized carbon black - 石墨化碳黑(热度: 101)61. salting-out paper chromatography - 盐析纸色谱法(热度: 103)62. ion pair formation model - 离子对形成模型(热度: 83)63. counter-current chromatography - 逆流色谱法(热度: 95)64. laser-induced fluorescence detector - 激光诱导荧光检测器(热度: 175)65. Planar chromatography - 平面色谱法(热度: 69)66. building block instrument - 组合式仪器系统(热度: 127)67. visible light detector - 可见光检测器(热度: 111)68. sheath flow pool - 鞘流池(热度: 195)69. developing tank - 展开槽(热度: 109)70. dead zone - 死区域(热度: 139)71. internal standard method - 内标法(热度: 105)72. extraction chromatography - 萃取色谱法(热度: 113)73. ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical support - 圆柱状超微薄层色谱法(热度: 138)74. centric-preparation TLC - 离心制备薄层色谱法(热度: 123)75. post-column derivatization - 柱后衍生化(热度: 108)76. circular chromatography - 圆形色谱法(热度: 107)77. liquid-liquid chromatography - 液-液色谱法(热度: 87)78. ion pair chromatography, IPC - 离子对色谱法(热度: 149)79. pulse damper - 脉冲阻尼器(热度: 91)80. sample size - 进样量(热度: 630)1. chiral cyclodextrin der GC - 手性环糊精衍生物GC固定相(热度: 129)2. soft gel - 软（质）凝胶(热度: 165)3. indirect photometric chromatography - 间接光度（检测）色谱法(热度: 120)4. detector detectability - 检测器检测限(热度: 69)5. exchange capacity of resin - 树脂交换容量(热度: 97)6. latex-agglomerated ion exchanger - 乳胶附聚型离子交换剂(热度: 129)7. complete silylanization deactivation - 全硅烷化去活(热度: 115)8. macro-reticular silica gel - 全多孔硅胶(热度: 105)9. inorganic ion exchanger - 无机离子交换剂(热度: 67)10. indirect detection - 间接检测(热度: 79)11. PS/DVB - 聚苯乙烯(热度: 251)12. visible light detector - 可见光检测器(热度: 111)13. snake cage resin - 蛇笼（状）树脂(热度: 75)14. micro coulometric detector - 微库仑检测器(热度: 153)15. direct chemical ionization GC-MS - 直接化学离子化(热度: 269)16. mass detector - 质量型检测器(热度: 85)17. metal oxides stationary phase - 金属氧化物固定相(热度: 131)18. thermomicro and transfer- application- substance TLC - 热微量转移薄层色谱法(热度: 137)19. column internal diameter - 柱内径(热度: 115)20. absorbance ratio method - 吸光度比值法(热度: 159)21. active site of support - 载体的活性部位(热度: 101)22. liquid-solid chromatography - 液固色谱(热度: 81)23. zone spreading - 区域扩展(热度: 129)24. interrupted-elution chromatography - 间断洗脱色谱法(热度: 71)25. derivatization reagent - 衍生化试剂(热度: 177)26. axial compression column - 轴向压缩柱(热度: 101)27. octadecyl silane - 十八烷基键合硅胶(热度: 279)28. selective detector - 选择性检测器(热度: 126)29. hydrodynamic volume - 流体力学体积(热度: 143)30. metal complex ion chromatography, MCIC - 金属配合物离子色谱法(热度: 109)31. micro-column - 微型柱(热度: 77)32. internal standard method - 内标法(热度: 105)33. silanophilic interaction - 亲硅醇基效应(热度: 147)34. ultraviolet absorption detector - 紫外吸收检测器(热度: 95)35. argon ionization detector - 氩电离检测器(热度: 119)36. absorption pool of axial direction - 轴向吸收池(热度: 109)37. solvophobic theory - 疏溶剂理论(热度: 161)38. sheath flow pool - 鞘流池(热度: 195)39. plastic pump - 塑料泵(热度: 117)40. liquid-liquid chromatography - 液-液色谱法(热度: 87)41. high-speed chromatography - 快速色谱法(热度: 97)42. chiral derivation method - 手性衍生化法(热度: 115)43. migration time - 迁移时间(热度: 75)44. rule of similarity - 相似相溶原则(热度: 316)45. column regeneration - 柱再生(热度: 141)46. cation exchange chromatography, CEC - 阳离子交换色谱法(热度: 137)47. adsorbing material - 吸附剂(热度: 127)48. double-column qualitative method - 双柱定性法(热度: 155)49. centric-preparation TLC - 离心制备薄层色谱法(热度: 123)50. Enzyme linked immunosensor - 酶联免疫传感器(热度: 129)51. solute property detector - 溶质性质检测器(热度: 157)52. flame ionization detector, FID - 氢火焰离子化检测器(热度: 119)53. selective stationary phase - 特殊选择固定液(热度: 125)54. column capacity - 柱容量(热度: 131)55. energy transfer technique - 能量转移技术(热度: 139)56. cylindrical model - 圆筒模型(热度: 73)57. chromatographic paper - 色谱纸(热度: 119)58. eluting power - 洗脱强度(热度: 101)59. expert system of gas chromatography - 气相色谱专家系统(热度: 89)60. exclusion volume - 排斥体积(热度: 216)61. micellar thin layer chromatography - 胶束薄层色谱法(热度: 121)62. samt injection of chromatography - 色谱富集过样(热度: 131)63. bioautography - 微生物显影(热度: 125)64. stop-flow injection - 停流进样(热度: 71)65. cut-paper weighing method - 剪纸称重法(热度: 107)66. capillary gel electrophoresis - 毛细管凝胶电泳(热度: 90)67. inside gradient - 内梯度(热度: 111)68. on-column derivatization - 柱中衍生化(热度: 115)69. fraction collector - 馏分收集器(热度: 527)70. suppressed column - 抑制柱(热度: 95)71. displacement chromatography - 置换色谱法(热度: 101)72. support - 载体(热度: 185)73. integral property detector - 整体性质检测器(热度: 171)74. Piezoelectric Immunosensor - 压电免疫传感器(热度: 83)75. bioautography - 生物自显影法(热度: 113)76. condition (aging) of column - 柱老化(热度: 117)77. laser chromatography - 激光色谱(热度: 103)78. relative sensitivity - 相对灵敏度(热度: 93)79. dual column chromatography - 双柱色谱法(热度: 73)80. mobile phase - 流动相(热度: 347)1. developing tank - 展开槽(热度: 109)2. counter-current chromatography - 逆流色谱法(热度: 95)3. chromatography with artificial intelligence - 智能色谱(热度: 80)4. solid support - 实心载体(热度: 171)5. heat lens absorbance detection - 热透镜光谱检测法(热度: 85)6. dielectric constant detector - 介电常数检测器(热度: 111)7. fluorescent thin layer plate - 荧光薄层板(热度: 146)8. fluorescence detector - 荧光检测器(热度: 111)9. minimum detectable concentration - 最小检测浓度(热度: 85)10. reciprocating pump - 往复泵(热度: 99)11. column bleeding - 柱流失(热度: 83)12. injector - 进样器(热度: 117)13. counter current chromatograph - 逆流色谱仪(热度: 99)14. sample size - 进样量(热度: 630)15. joule heating - 焦耳热(热度: 105)16. cation exchange chromatography, CEC - 阳离子交换色谱法(热度: 137)17. zone spreading - 区域扩展(热度: 129)18. cylindrical model - 圆筒模型(热度: 73)19. dual column ion chromatography - 双柱离子色谱法(热度: 99)20. hard gel - 硬（质）凝胶(热度: 147)21. reticular structure - 网状结构(热度: 81)22. gas-solid chromatography, GSC - 气-固色谱法(热度: 91)23. micellar thin layer chromatography - 胶束薄层色谱法(热度: 121)24. column chromatography - 柱色谱法(热度: 113)25. column life - 柱寿命(热度: 83)26. gas chromatography - 气相色谱仪(热度: 233)27. Curie point pyrolyzer - 居里点裂解器(热度: 107)28. laser chromatography - 激光色谱(热度: 103)29. permeation limit molecular weight - 渗透极限分子量(热度: 131)30. tangent incision method - 切线切割法(热度: 114)31. bonded stationary phase - 键合固定相(热度: 103)32. immunity analysis of capillary electrophoresis - 毛细管电泳免疫分析(热度: 115)33. linear gradient - 线性梯度(热度: 131)34. on-column derivatization - 柱中衍生化(热度: 115)35. adsorption column - 吸附柱(热度: 71)36. open tubular column - 开口管柱(热度: 91)37. mass flow rate sensitive detector - 质量型检测器(热度: 143)38. frontal chromatography - 前沿色谱法(热度: 121)39. bubble form pool - 泡形池(热度: 139)40. relative sensitivity - 相对灵敏度(热度: 93)41. micro-column - 微型柱(热度: 77)42. response time - 响应时间(热度: 107)43. ion-pairing probes detection - 离子对探针检测(热度: 133)44. planar chromatography - 平板色谱(热度: 77)45. switching column technique - 色谱柱切换技术(热度: 118)46. ion pair chromatography, IPC - 离子对色谱法(热度: 149)47. number of theoretical plates - 理论塔板数(热度: 151)48. normal phase ion-pair chromatography - 正相离子对色谱法(热度: 151)49. selective stationary phase - 特殊选择固定液(热度: 125)50. condition (aging) of column - 柱老化(热度: 117)51. samt injection of chromatography - 色谱富集过样(热度: 131)52. extraction chromatography - 萃取色谱法(热度: 113)53. acid dye colorimetry - 酸性染料比色法(热度: 99)54. reciprocating diaphragm pump - 往复式隔膜泵(热度: 93)55. resistance of liquid mass transfer - 液相传质阻力(热度: 191)56. ion chromatography, IC - 离子色谱法(热度: 139)57. stop-flow injection - 停流进样(热度: 71)58. aerosol sampling method - 气雾剂取样法(热度: 110)59. column switching technique - 柱切换技术(热度: 119)60. capillary gel column - 毛细管凝胶柱(热度: 93)61. octadecyl silane - 十八烷基键合硅胶(热度: 279)62. micro adsorption detector - 微吸附检测器(热度: 107)63. detection of laser-induced light beam intervene - 激光诱导光束干涉检测(热度: 173)64. gradient elution device - 梯度洗脱装置(热度: 213)65. adsorbing material - 吸附剂(热度: 127)66. capillary zone electrophoresis - 毛细管区带电泳(热度: 115)67. visible light detector - 可见光检测器(热度: 111)68. high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation with polysiloxane - 聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活(热度:131)69. ascending development method - 上行展开法(热度: 99)70. laser desorption MS, LDMS - 激光解吸质谱法(热度: 121)71. strongly acidic cation exchanger - 强酸性阳离子交换剂(热度: 145)72. solvophobic theory - 疏溶剂理论(热度: 161)73. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry - 液相色谱-质谱分析法(热度: 171)74. integral property detector - 整体性质检测器(热度: 171)75. Biological oxygen-consumption sensor - 生物耗氧传感器(热度: 85)76. correction factor - 校正因子(热度: 107)77. column head sampling - 柱头进样(热度: 95)78. Human chorionic gonadotropin sensor - 绒毛促性腺传感器(热度: 95)79. capillary ion analysis - 毛细管电泳离子分析(热度: 87)80. ion exchange chromatography, IEC - 离子交换色谱法(热度: 99)1. ultra micro TLC on a cylindrical support - 圆柱状超微薄层色谱法(热度: 138)2. static headspace analysis - 静态顶空分析法(热度: 289)3. suppressor - 抑制器(热度: 95)4. carrier gas - 载气(热度: 139)5. concentration detector - 浓度型检测器(热度: 103)6. evaporative light-scattering detector, ELSD - 蒸发光散射检测器(热度: 265)7. macro-reticular packing material - 全多孔型填料(热度: 149)8. exclusion volume - 排斥体积(热度: 216)9. micro adsorption detector - 微吸附检测器(热度: 107)10. on-column electrical conductivity detection - 在柱电导率检测(热度: 161)11. column loadability - 柱负载能力(热度: 187)12. dispersion due to flow profile - 流型扩散(热度: 95)13. exclusion limit molecular weight - 排斥极限分子量(热度: 111)14. circular chromatography - 圆形色谱法(热度: 107)15. exchange capacity of resin - 树脂交换容量(热度: 97)16. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry - 液相色谱-质谱分析法(热度: 171)17. heat lens absorbance detection - 热透镜光谱检测法(热度: 85)18. ion pair chromatography, IPC - 离子对色谱法(热度: 149)19. column switching technique - 柱切换技术(热度: 119)20. the effective length of capillary electrophoresis - 毛细管有效长度(热度: 117)21. column ageing - 柱老化(热度: 111)22. affinity chromatography - 亲和色谱法(热度: 93)23. radial development - 径向展开法(热度: 87)24. relative response - 相对响应值(热度: 135)25. response - 响应值(热度: 193)26. ultraviolet absorption detector - 紫外吸收检测器(热度: 95)27. peak width - 色谱峰区域宽度(热度: 119)28. micellar electrokinetic chromatography - 毛细管胶束电动色谱(热度: 145)29. two-piston reciprocating pump - 双活塞往复泵(热度: 131)30. micro-syringe - 微量进样针(热度: 150)31. resistance of gas mass transfer - 气相传质阻力(热度: 123)32. capillary array electrophoresis - 阵列毛细管电泳(热度: 133)33. developing tank - 展开槽(热度: 109)34. pore size distribution - 孔径分布(热度: 131)35. coated capillary - 涂层毛细管(热度: 117)36. outside gradient - 外梯度(热度: 77)37. zwitter-ion - 两性离子(热度: 105)38. isotachophoresis - 毛细管等速电泳(热度: 91)39. chirametal stationary phase in GC - 手性金属络合物GC固定相(热度: 171)40. chiral derivation method - 手性衍生化法(热度: 115)41. aqua-system gel column - 水系凝胶色谱柱(热度: 217)42. relative correction factor - 相对校正因子(热度: 149)43. weight mean molecular weight - 重均分子量(热度: 163)44. rotating thin layer chromatography - 旋转薄层法(热度: 105)45. derivatization method - 衍生化法(热度: 95)46. the window of migration time - 迁移时间窗口(热度: 165)47. chiral gas chromatography - 手性气相色谱法(热度: 105)48. Microbore column - 小内径毛细管柱(热度: 174)49. chromatothermography - 热色谱法(热度: 81)50. Biological affinity sensor - 生物亲和型传感器(热度: 103)51. solid support - 实心载体(热度: 171)52. centric-preparation TLC - 离心制备薄层色谱法(热度: 123)53. condition (aging) of column - 柱老化(热度: 117)54. adsorption chromatography - 吸附色谱法(热度: 251)55. longitudinal diffusion - 纵向扩散(热度: 141)56. adsorbing material - 吸附剂(热度: 127)57. chiral amino acid derivatives stationary phase in - 手性氨基酸衍生物GC固定相(热度:157)58. gel filtration chromatography - 凝胶过滤色谱(热度: 151)59. solubility parameter - 溶解度参数(热度: 179)60. vacuum degasser - 真空脱气装置(热度: 81)61. indirect ultraviolet detection - 间接紫外检测(热度: 121)62. wet column packing - 湿法柱填充(热度: 91)63. reagent color-developing method - 试剂显色法(热度: 123)。

液相术语积分型检测器integrating detector激光光热检测器laser and light heat detector激光解吸质谱法laser desorption MS，LDMS激光裂解器laser pyrolyzer激光色谱laser chromatography激光诱导光热光偏转测量detection of laser-induced light heat…激光诱导光束干涉检测detection oflaser-induced light be am I…激光诱导毛细管振动测量laser-reduced capillary vibration det…激光诱导荧光检测器laser-induced fluorescence detector记忆峰memory peak记忆效应memory effect夹层槽sandwich chamber假峰ghost peak间断洗脱色谱法interrupted-elution chromatography间接光度（检测）离子色谱法indirect photometr ic ion chromato…间接光度（检测）色谱法indirect photometric chromatography间接检测indirect detection间接荧光检测indirect fluorescence detection间接紫外检测indirect ultraviolet detection 检测器detector检测器检测限detector detectability检测器灵敏度detector sensitivity检测器线性范围detector linear range碱火焰电离检测器alkali flame ionization detector，AFID碱洗法alkali wash剪纸称重法cut-paper weighing method 减尾剂tailing reducer减压液相色谱vacuum liquid chromatography 键合固定相bonded stationary phase键合型离子交换剂bonded ion exchanger 焦耳热joule heating胶束薄层色谱法micellar thin layer chromatography胶束液相色谱法micellar liquid chromatography交联度crosslinking degree阶梯梯度stagewise gradient介电常数检测器dielectric constant detector金属配合物离子色谱法metal complex ion chromatography，MCIC金属氧化物固定相metal oxides stationary phase金属作用色谱metal interaction chromatography进样阀injection valve进样量sample size进样器injector静态顶空分析法static headspace analysis静态涂渍法static coating method径流柱radial flow column径向流动色谱radial flow chromatography 径向压缩柱radial compression column径向展开法radial development径向展开色谱radial development chromatography净保留体积net retention volume居里点裂解器Curie point pyrolyzer矩形池rectangle form pool聚苯乙烯PS/DVB聚硅氧烷高温裂解去活high-temperature pyrolysis deactivation…聚合物基质离子交换剂polymer substrate ion exchanger绝对检测器absolute detector开口分流open split开口管柱open tubular column可见光检测器visible light detector可交换离子exchangable ion空间性谱带加宽band broadening in space空穴色谱法vacancy chromatography孔结构pore structure孔径pore diameter孔径分布pore size distribution控制单元control unit快速色谱法high-speed chromatography 离心逆流色谱centrifugal counter-current chromatography离心制备薄层色谱法centric-preparation TLC离子对色谱法ion pair chromatography，IPC离子对试剂ion pair reagent离子对探针检测ion-pairing probes detection离子对形成模型ion pair formation model 离子交换电动色谱ion-exchange electrokinetic chromatography离子交换剂ion exchanger离子交换毛细管电色谱ion exchange capillary electrokinetic离子交换膜ion exchange membrane离子交换色谱法ion exchange chromatography，IEC离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换位置ion exchange site离子交换柱ion exchange column离子排斥色谱法ion exclusion chromatography，ICE离子色谱法ion chromatography，IC离子色谱仪ion chromatograph离子相互作用模型ion interaction model离子相互作用色谱法ion interaction chromatography，IIC 离子抑制色谱法ion suppression chromatography，ISC理论塔板高度height equivalent to a theoretical plate（HETP）理论塔板数number of theoretical plates两性电解质ampholytes两性离子zwitter-ion两性离子交换剂zwitterion exchanger裂解气相色谱法pyrolysis gas chromatography PyGC临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration淋洗剂eluent淋洗离子eluent ion淋洗色谱法elution chromatography馏分收集器fraction collector流动池flow cell电离截面检测器ionization cross section detector电歧视效应the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样electrophoretic injection电渗流electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器electricity potential detector 电泳淌度electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器electron mobility detector调整保留时间adjusted retention time调整保留体积adjusted retention volume 叠加内标法added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法headspace gas chromatography，GC-HS顶替法displacement development顶替色谱法displacement chromatography动态包覆dynamic coating动态分离dynamic separatio动态复合离子交换模型dynamic complex ion exchange model动态改性dynamic modification动态离子交换模型dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍dynamic coating动态涂渍法dynamic coated method动态脱活dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法short column chromatography 堆积硅珠stacked silica bead堆积性能bulk property多次反射池multi-reflect pool多分散度polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱porous layer open tubular column，PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱porous polymer beads GLS column GLS多孔石墨碳porous graphitic carbon，PGC多孔载体porous support多脉冲实验multiple pulse experiments 多维色谱法multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡secondary chemical equilibria ，SCE二极管阵列检测器diode-array detector，DAD二维色谱法two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系dual solvent system反冲洗back wash反吹技术back flushing technique反峰negative peak反离子counter ion反气相色谱法inverse gas chromatography （IGC）反相高效液相色谱法reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法reversed phaseion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱reversed phase column反应气相色谱法reaction gas chromatography反应色谱reaction chromatography反圆心式展开anti-circular development 反转电渗流reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式van Deemter equation仿生传感器Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器radio ionization detector放射性检测器radioactivity detector放射自显影autoradiography非极性固定相non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相non-polar bonded phase 非金属离子传感器non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体non-adsorptive support非线性分流non-linearity split stream非线性色谱non-linear chromatography 非线性吸附等温线non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法non-suppressed ion chromatography，NSIC费尔盖特效益Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂phenolic ion exchange resin分离－反应－分离展开SRS development 分离数separation number分离因子separation factor分离柱separation column分流split stream分流比split ratio分流进样法split sampling分流器splitter分配等温线distribution isotherm分配色谱partition chromatography分配系数partition coefficient分析型色谱仪analytical type chromatograph分子扩散molecular diffusion分子量分布molecular weight distribution 分子量检测器molecular weight detector 分子筛molecular sieve分子筛色谱molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾endcapping峰高peak height峰面积 peak area峰面积测量法 measurement of peak area峰面积校正 calibration of peak area峰容量 peak capacity复合柱 combined column改性载体 modified support干法柱填充 dry column packing干凝胶 xerogel干扰抑制电导率检测 detection of interfere an d restrain condu…干柱色谱法 dry-column chromatography干柱色谱法 dry-column chromatography， DCC高分子多孔微球 porous polymer beads， GDX高速逆流色谱法 high speedcounter-current chromatography高温硅烷化去活 high temperature silanizing deactivation高温凝胶色谱法 high temperature gel chromatography高效毛细管电泳 high-performance capillary electrophoresis高效液相色谱-付里叶变换红外分析法high performance liquid ch…高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography高效柱 high performance column高压流通池技术 high pressure flow cell technique高压输液泵 high pressure pump高压梯度 high-pressure gradient高压液相色谱法 high pressureliquid chromatography戈雷方程式 Golay equation戈雷柱 Golay column隔膜泵 diaphragm pump隔膜进样 septum sampling工业色谱 industrial chromatography工业色谱仪 industrial chromatograph工作流速 working flow rate功能基团 functional group谷丙转氨酶传感器 Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase sensor，GPT固定化酶 immobilized enzyme固定相 stationary phase固定液 stationary liquid固定液的相对极性 relative polarity of stationary liquid固定液极性 stationary liquid polarity固相扩散 solid diffusion固相荧光免疫分析 solid phase fluorescence immunoassay固有粘度 intrinsic viscosity官能团保留指数 function retention index官能团色谱图 functional group chromatogram， FGC冠醚固定相 crown ether stationary phase管壁效应 wall effect管式炉裂解器 tube furnace pyrolyzer灌注色谱法 perfusion chromatography贯注色谱填料 perfusion chromatography packing光离子化检测器 photo-ionization detector， PID光密度计 densitometer光谱差减法 spectral subtraction method光散射检测器 light scattering detector光声检测法 photoacoustic detection光纤化学传感器 Optic fiber sensor硅胶 silica gel硅胶基质离子交换剂 silica-gel substrate ion exchanger硅烷化法 silanization硅烷化法 silanizing硅烷化载体 silanized support归一化法 normalization method过压薄层色谱法 over pressured thin layer chromatography，OPT…过压液相色谱法 over pressured liquid chromatography，OPLC氦电离检测器 helium ionization detector含氧化合物分析器 oxygen specific response of the flame ioni…含样去样检测法 sample in sample out method赫尔希池检测器 Hersch cell detector恒流泵 constant flow pump恒温操作 constant temperature method恒压泵 constant pressure pump红色载体 red support红外检测器 infrared detector红外总吸光度重建色谱图 total infrared absorbance reconstruct…化合物形成色谱 compound-formation chromatography化学发光检测器 chemiluminescence detector化学发光检测器 Chemiluminescence detector， SCD化学键合固定相 bonded stationary phase化学键合相色谱 bonded phase chromatography化学色谱法 chemi-chromatography化学衍生法 chemical derivatization method环糊精电动色谱 cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography环形展开比移值 circular development Rf value环形展开法 circular development缓冲溶液添加剂 buffer additives辉光放电检测器 glow discharge detector混合床离子交换固定相 mixed-bed ion exchange stationary phase混合床柱 mixed bed column混合溶剂 mixed solvent活塞泵 piston pump活性 activation活性部位 active site活性硅胶 activated silica gel活性氧化铝 activated aluminium oxide活性中心 active center火焰光度检测器 flame photometric detector， FPD基流 background current or base current基线 baseline基线宽度 baseline width基质 substrate materials基质隔离技术 matrix isolation technique畸变峰 distorted peak积分器 integrator电离截面检测器 ionization cross section detector电歧视效应 the effect of electrical discrimination电迁移进样 electrophoretic injection电渗流 electroendosmotic flow电渗流标记物 electroendosmotic flow marker电渗流淌度 electroendosmotic mobility电位检测器 electricity potential detector电泳淌度 electrophoretic mobility电子俘获检测器 electron capture detector电子迁移率检测器 electron mobility detector调整保留时间 adjusted retention time调整保留体积 adjusted retention volume叠加内标法 added internal standard method顶空气相色谱法 headspace gas chromatography， GC-HS顶替法 displacement development顶替色谱法 displacement chromatography动态包覆 dynamic coating动态顶空分析法 dynamic headspace analysis动态分离 dynamic separation动态复合离子交换模型 dynamic complex ion exchange model动态改性 dynamic modification动态离子交换模型 dynamic ion exchange model动态涂渍 dynamic coating动态涂渍法 dynamic coated method动态脱活 dynamic de-activity短柱色谱法 short column chromatography堆积硅珠 stacked silica bead堆积性能 bulk property多次反射池 multi-reflect pool多分散度 polydispersity多功能基离子交换剂multi-functional group ion exchanger多角度激光光散射光度计multi-angle laser light scattering ph…多孔层开口管柱 porous layer open tubular column，PLOT多孔高聚物PLOT柱 porous polymer beads PLOT column多孔硅胶 porous silica gel多孔聚合物气液固色谱柱 porous polymer beads GLS column GLS多孔石墨碳 porous graphitic carbon， PGC多孔载体 porous support多脉冲实验 multiple pulse experiments多维色谱法 multi-dimensional chromatography多维色谱仪 multidimensional chromatograph多用色谱仪 unified chromatograph惰性气体鼓泡吹扫脱气 sweeping degas by inert gas二次化学平衡 secondary chemical equilibria ，SCE二极管阵列检测器 diode-array detector， DAD二维色谱法 two-dimensional chromatography二元溶剂体系 dual solvent system反冲洗 back wash反吹技术 back flushing technique反峰 negative peak反离子 counter ion反气相色谱法 inverse gas chromatography （IGC）反相高效液相色谱法 reversed phase high performance liquid ch…反相离子对色谱 reversed phase ion pair chromatography反相离子对色谱法 reversed phase ion-pair chromatography反相毛细管电色谱 reverse capillary electrokinetic chromatogr…反相柱 reversed phase column反应气相色谱法 reaction gas chromatography反应色谱 reaction chromatography反圆心式展开 anti-circular development反转电渗流 reverse electroendosmotic flow范第姆特方程式 van Deemter equation仿生传感器 Biomimic electrode放射性电离检测器 radio ionization detector放射性检测器 radioactivity detector放射自显影 autoradiography非极性固定相 non-polar stationary phase非极性键合相 non-polar bonded phase非金属离子传感器 non-metal ion sensor非水系凝胶色谱柱 non-aqua-system gel column非水相色谱 nonaqueous phase chromatography非吸附性载体 non-adsorptive support非线性分流 non-linearity split stream非线性色谱 non-linear chromatography非线性吸附等温线 non-linear adsorption isotherm非抑制型电导检测 non-suppressed conductance detection非抑制型离子色谱法 non-suppressed ion chromatography， NSIC费尔盖特效益 Fellgett advantage酚醛离子交换树脂 phenolic ion exchange resin分离－反应－分离展开 SRS development分离数 separation number分离因子 separation factor分离柱 separation column分流 split stream分流比 split ratio分流进样法 split sampling分流器 splitter分配等温线 distribution isotherm分配色谱 partition chromatography分配系数 partition coefficient分析型色谱仪 analytical type chromatograph分子扩散 molecular diffusion分子量分布 molecular weight distribution分子量检测器 molecular weight detector分子筛 molecular sieve分子筛色谱 molecular sieve chromatography分子吸附 molecular adsorption分子吸收光谱 molecular absorption spectroscopy封尾 endcapping峰高 peak heightOgston模型 Ogston modelpH梯度动态分离 dynamic separation of the pH gradientpH值梯度洗脱 pH gradient elutionZata电势 Zata potentialZ形池 Z-form pool氨基键合相 amino-bonded phase氨基酸分析仪 amino acid analyzer安培检测器 ampere detector白色载体 white support半微柱 semimicro-column半制备柱 semi-preparation column包覆型离子交换剂 coated ion exchanger包覆型填料 coated packing material薄层板 thin layer plate薄层扫描法 thin layer chromatography scanning薄层扫描仪 thin layer chromatography scanner薄层色谱法 thin layer chromatography TLC薄壳型离子交换剂 pellicularion-exchanger薄壳型微珠载体 pellicular microbead support保护柱 guard column保留间隙 retention gap保留时间 retention time保留体积 retention volume保留温度 retention temperature保留值定性法 retention qualitative method保留值沸点规律 boiling point rule of retention保留值碳数规律 carbon number rule of retention保留指数 retention index保留指数定性法 retention index qualitative method背景电导 background conductance苯酚磺酸树脂 phenol sulfonic acid resin苯乙烯 styrene比保留体积 specific retention volume比例阀 proportional valve比渗透率 specific permeability比移值 Rf value边缘效应 edge effect便携式色谱仪 portable chromatograph标准偏差 standard deviation表观电泳淌度 apparent electrophoretic mobility表观交换容量 apparent exchange capacity表面电位检测器 surface potential detector表面多孔硅胶 superficially porous silica gel表面多孔填料 superficially porous packing material表面多孔型离子交换剂superficially porous ion-exchanger玻璃球载体 glass beads support不分流进样 splitless sampling参比柱 reference column残余硅醇基 residual silanol场放大进样 electrical field magnified injection场流分离 field-flow fractionation场流分离仪 field-flowfractionation场效应生物传感器 Field effect transistor based Biosensor常压液相色谱法 common-pressure liquid chromatography超临界流体 supercritical fluid超临界流体色谱 supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱－傅里叶变换红外光谱联用supercritical fluid …超临界流体色谱法 supercritical fluid chromatography超临界流体色谱仪 supercritical fluid chromatograph超临界流体萃取 supercritical fluid extract，SFE超声波脱气 ultrasonic degas超微传感器 ultra-micro sensor程序变流色谱法 programmed flow （gas） chromatography程序升温进样 programmed temperature sampling程序升温色谱法 programmed temperature （gas） chromatography程序升温蒸发器 programmed temperature vaporizer ，PTV程序升压 programmed pressure触角载体 tentacle supports传质速率 rate of mass transfer传质阻力 resistance of mass transfer垂直切割法 vertical incision method催化色谱法 catalytic （gas）chromatography大环化合物色谱 large ring compound chromatography大孔树脂 macro-reticular resin大孔填料 macro-reticular packing material大内径毛细管柱 Megaobore column代谢型生物传感器 Biological metabolizing sensor单分散气溶胶发生器 monodiaperse aerosol generator单活塞往复泵 single piston reciprocating pump单相色谱仪 single phase chromatograph单向阀 one-way valve单柱离子色谱法 single column ion chromatography胆固醇传感器 Cholesterol sensor氮-磷检测器 nitrogen-phosphorus detector ，NPD导数比率法 derivative ratio method等度洗脱 isocratic elution等离子体色谱法 plasma chromatography等途电泳-毛细管区带电泳耦合进样isotachophoresis injection-c…低负荷柱 low load column低容量柱 low capacity column低温色谱 low temperature chromatography低压梯度 low-pressure gradient低压液相色谱 low-pressure liquid chromatography点样 sample application点样器 sample spotter （spot applicator）电导池 conductance cell电导检测法 conductance detection电荷转移分光光度法 charge transfer spectrophotometry电化学检测器 electrochemical detector电解抑制器 electrolyze suppressor。