Chapter 2 Word Collocations（词汇搭配）
and Sentence Members（句子成分）
I. Word Collocations（词汇搭配）
1. Set phrases（固定词组）—in a word, take place, as usual, as a matter of fact, …
2. Habitual collocations（习惯搭配）
(1) Some nouns must go with definite verbs.
质量 improve the quality
效率 raise [increase] the efficiency
提高 能力 increase [improve] the ability
认识 deepen one’s understanding
警惕 enhance [heighten] the vigilance
成就[进步] make achievements [progress]
一致意见 reach complete agreement of views
取得 教训 draw lessons
成功 achieve success
同意
obtain consent
作一分析[比较；研究]
make an analysis [a comparison; a study]
作一介绍[描述；说明]
give an introduction [a description; an explanation]
（2）Some verbs, adjectives, and nouns must go with definite prepositions.
Laser beams are sent at the moon.
send
point
aim rush [冲向]
(vt.) shoot … at ～ (vi.) fire at ～ [向…开火]
emit shout [朝…欢呼]
throw
(be) representative of = represent
(be) descriptive of = describe
(be) characteristic of = characterize
(be) indicative of = indicate
(be) symptomatic of = symptomize [symptomatize]
Emphasis should be laid on the collocation of a noun with a preposition, which may present much difficulty to
the Chinese students, especially in writing.
① A fixed preposition goes before or after a noun.
ⅰ. Before a noun 无线电波向四面八方传播。
Radio waves travel in all directions.
为此目的，大学生必须至少掌握一门外语。
For this purpose [To this end], college students must have a good command [mastery] of at least one foreign
language.
At this temperature, the metal melts.
on a large scale（大规模地）
to a great [large] extent [point, degree]（在很大程度上）
in (a) great [large] measure（在很大程度上）
at a rate（以某一速率）
at a point（在某一点上；在某一时刻）
●at a conference [meeting]（在会上）
ⅱ. After a noun
他们在参加移动通讯国际会议。
They are attending an international conference on mobile communications.
王教授是雷达专家。
Professor Wang is an expert in [on] radar.
the answer [key] to [for](a problem)
the solution to [of, for] (a problem)
the preface to (a book)
an exception to (a rule)
the research on [into; with; for] image processing
the current through (a component)
the voltage across (a component)
a tangent to …
a correction for [to; of]
increase [decrease; rise; fall reduction; variation] in [of]… condition [requirement; algorithm, technique, method; language; skill, equation; expression] for …
② An important format of word collocation★ (which has fixed patterns of its translation into Chinese)
Format: noun of A preposition B
[A and B here are also nouns.]
which can be further classified as the following three sub-classes:
ⅰ. The “noun” is an ordinary abstract noun.
Translation pattern: “A。。。B的～”
“月球离地球中心的距离为二十四万英里。”
The distance of the moon from the center of the earth is 240,000 miles.
“温度对半导体电阻的影响必须考虑进去。”
The effect of temperature on [upon] the resistance of semiconductors must be taken into account.
“本节论述AC与DC相比的一些优点(advantage)。”
This section deals with the advantages of AC over DC.
“月亮对地球的吸引力(attraction)引起了潮汐(tide)。”
The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the tides.
the ratio of A to B
the effect of A on [upon] B
the superiority of A to B the relationship of A to B
the attraction（引力）of A for B
the susceptibility of A to B
the sensitivity of A to B
the applicability of A to B
perpendicularity of A to B
the immunity of A to [from] B
familiarity of A with B
ⅱ. The “noun” comes from an intransitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action
expressed by the “noun.”
Translation pattern: “A。。。B的～”
This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input.
The control engineer is usually interested in the response of a control system to unit step（单位阶跃）, ramp（斜波）, and parabolic（抛物）functions.
The interaction of the ball with the ground is called friction.
● This section deals with the action of an acid（酸）on
metal.
● Consider first the collision of a single molecule with
the piston（活塞）.
“图1画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。”
Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance.
as a function of impedance
against impedance
versus[vs.] impedance.
the passage of A through B
the motion of A round [around] B
the departure of A from B
the deviation of A from B
the reaction of A to B
the interaction of A with B
*** A special case:
rise
fall
the increase in [of] A with B“A随B的～”
decrease
reduction
