初升高英语衔接讲义

第三讲句子成分（2）6．定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词（如：something、nothing等）时；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。

副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

定语可以由以下这些成分表示：1）形容词The roads, gardens, and playing grounds were all hidden under soft snow.2）数词There are two boys in the room. It was the first snow we had ever seen and we were excited.3）代词或名词所有格He took my umbrella by mistake. Alice’s hair is long and beautiful.4）介词短语People in China are making great effort to make China richer, stronger and more beautiful.5）名词We were having so mush fun when supper time came.6）副词The best teacher here is Lee.7）不定式He has nothing to do while all his classmates are rushed off their feet.8）分词（短语）Films directed by Bruce are popular among us. I hear there are five copies left.9）从句The boy who is reading needs the dictionary which you bought yesterday.Together we built a snowman and a snow house, which excited everyone. 7．状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。

2.5初高中词汇衔接之易混易错词汇跟踪练习一. 选词填空第一组1. She worked _____________for a year.2. The poor man was out of __________. His boss fired him yesterday.3.He was already _______________the plane.4.You have done a good ______. Keep it up and you can make it!5. ___________________________ students who are learning Japanese is increasing.6. A new building is built _____________________________ the old one.7._____________________of students are learning English now.8. Our teacher is absent today, and our class is ______________________of another new teacher. 【答案】1.abroad go abroad出国2.work out of work失业；work不可数名词3.aboard aboard the plane登上飞机aboard介词登上…4.job do a good job干的好5.The number of …的数目，谓语动词用单数6.in place o f代替7.A number of 大量的谓语动词用复数8.in the place of 被….所代替第二组1.It ____me a while to fit in with the foreigners when I was in America as an exchange student.2.He didn't see a film. _____________, he watched TV.3.I __________a lot of time on my homework every day.4.He watched TV_________________ seeing a film.5.He ______________get up late , but now he is totally an early bird.6.I am eager to _________________the school football team.7.The computer ____________me a great deal.8.He ___________the army five years ago.9. He ________________ getting up early.【答案】1. took2.instead3.spend4. instead ofed to6. take part in7.cost8.joined9.is used to第三组1.I _______________ a gift, but I didn't _____________it.2.__________________I saw you, I fell in love with you.3.There are_______________ people in the supermarket today.4.Watching TV_______________ is bad for your health.5.He _________pass the exam but failed.6.He ________________get a job and he succeeded.【答案】1. receive，收到某一东西，但不一定接受；accept，接受。

高频词汇熟词新义、一词多义、派生词和写作高级词汇替换练习根据语境写出下划线单词的汉语意思。

1. He looked at me in an absent way.adj. 茫然的，恍惚的2. This hotel can accommodate more than 5oo guests.accommodate vt 容纳3. He was aching for home.ache v. 渴望4.“They don't know．”he added．vt．接着说，又说；补充说5.It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.vt. 向...发表演说6. against （熟义：反对，违背）The picture looks good against the white wall．prep．衬着，迎着，靠着7.Don't air your troubles too often．v. 抒发；倾诉；传播）不要经常发牢骚。

8.The nurse attended to him day and night.v. 看护；治疗9.Poor health may be a bar to success in life.n. 障碍10.I can't think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete blank.n.记忆中的空白，遗忘11. The athlete has a solid build.n. 身材，体形12.He likes to bare his heart/soul with his close friends.vt. 向某人袒露心声13.He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. v. 显示，带有14.All our plans broke down．（计划）失败，坚持不下去。

暑期初高中衔接英语教学资料一、十大词类英语中的词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征可分为十大词类。

名词（n.）noun"名"就是名称--人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识). 名词可分为两大类：1、普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

例如：Teacher、 market、 rice；2、专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。

专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。

例如：Hemingway Russia。

名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。

名词可做主语、表语、定语、补语、同位语。

如：My sister is reading a novel. (主语)She is my sister.(表语) Iinvite my friend to dinner.(宾语)代词(pron.) pronoun何谓“代” ？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，有时代替数词。

所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。

如：She(主语) brought me(宾语) these books, so they are mine.(表语)动词（v.）verb"动"就是动作或状态--人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is，are。

动词根据起意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。

第二讲句子成分（1）阅读短文，将划线部分的成分分类：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia （栀子花）was sent to my house. No card came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s name and just happy with the beautiful white flower in soft pink paper.But I never stopped imagining who the giver might be. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these imaginings. She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a great kindness. Perhaps it was the old man across the street whose mail I’d sent during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy I had run into.One month before my graduation, my father died. I felt so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother, in her own sadness, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia—lovely, strong and perfect with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenia stopped coming.主语____________________________ 谓语____________________________表语____________________________ 宾语____________________________宾语补足语________________________ 宾语从句________________________状语____________________________ 状语从句________________________定语____________________________ 定语从句________________________按使用目的，句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语。

2.5初高中词汇衔接之易混易错词汇跟踪练习一. 选词填空第一组1. She worked _____________for a year.2. The poor man was out of __________. His boss fired him yesterday.3.He was already _______________the plane.4.You have done a good ______. Keep it up and you can make it!5. ___________________________ students who are learning Japanese is increasing.6. A new building is built _____________________________ the old one.7._____________________of students are learning English now.8. Our teacher is absent today, and our class is ______________________of another new teacher.第二组1.It ____me a while to fit in with the foreigners when I was in America as an exchange student.2.He didn't see a film. _____________, he watched TV.3.I __________a lot of time on my homework every day.4.He watched TV_________________ seeing a film.5.He ______________get up late , but now he is totally an early bird.6.I am eager to _________________the school football team.7.The computer ____________me a great deal.8.He ___________the army five years ago.9. He ________________ getting up early.第三组1.I _______________ a gift, but I didn't _____________it.2.__________________I saw you, I fell in love with you.3.There are_______________ people in the supermarket today.4.Watching TV_______________ is bad for your health.5.He _________pass the exam but failed.6.He ________________get a job and he succeeded.第四组1.I have never run ________fast. 我从来没跑过那么快。

初高中英语语法连接材料第一讲：简洁句1、句子的用途类型根据句子的功能用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。

2、句子的结构类型根据句子的结构可以分为简洁句、并列句和复合句。

写作中写对句子是最根本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。

所最终写出精确无误的句子。

构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。

英语的句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

现简洁回忆如下：3、简洁句及其根本句型1〕主谓结构〔S + V〕The sun│rises in the east. My mother │ works in a bank.2）主谓宾结构〔S + V + O 〕Who │knows │the answer? He │has refused │to help me. He │enjoys │reading.3）主系表结构〔S + V + P 〕This │is │an EnglishChinese dictionary. Everything │looks │different.He │is growing │tall and strong.常见连系动词：(1)be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；(2)感官动词类look, feel, smell, taste, sound等(3)表示变化：get, grow, bee, turn, go等(4)表示状态连续：stay, keep, prove, remain等。

4〕主谓双宾结构〔S + V + IO + DO〕She │ordered │herself │a new dress. He │brought │you │a dictionary.I │showed │him │my pictures.常跟双宾语的动词有：〔需借助to的〕bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；〔需借助for 的〕buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。