定语从句3

定语从句 一、定语从句的定义 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。由于形容词经常被用来做定语，所以定语从句也叫形容词性从句。 二、构成 1. 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 2. 定语从句的连词：关系代词或关系副词 who, whom, which, that, whose when, where, why 3. 关系代词的作用 A. 起连词作用，连接主句和从句 B. 代替先行词出现在从句中 C. 在从句中担任一个成分 例如：This is the film which I saw last week. film是先行词，which是关系代词。 三、关系代词用法示例 1. who, whom who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语；whom指人， 是宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；在口语中及非正式文体中可以省略。口语中有时可用who代替whom。 He is the man who lives next door. This is the man (whom) we met yesterday. 2. which, that which指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以被省略；that指物或指人，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语或表语时可以被省略。 A dictionary is a book which/that can help us to study. This is the book (which/that) my brother bought yesterday. The man (that) I met yesterday was Tom’s father. 3. whose指人，也可指物；whose是所有格，在定语从句中作定语，相当于of which，不可以省略 This is the girl whose name is Mary. This is the house whose windows are broken. He mentioned a book whose author (= the author of which) I can’t remember now. 四、that与which的区别 1. 宜用which的情况： A. 当先行词包含that或者those时 We shouldn’t pretend to know those things which we really don’t know. 2. 宜用that的情况： A. 当主句是which引导的特殊疑问句时 Which is the train that is going to Beijing? B. 当先行词既有人又有物时 I won’t forget the things and people that I saw there. C. 当先行词是不定代词时 Is there anything that I can do for you? D. 当先行词被序数词及形容词最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. The first place that we should go to is the Summer Palace. E. 先行词是或被all, little, few, much, none, any, every, no, some, the only, the very等所修饰时 I will tell you all that I know. The only thing that we can see is the blue sky. This is the very book that I am looking for. F. 当主句是there/here is句型时 There is a story that will surely interest you. 五、that与who的区别 1. 宜用who的情况： A. 当先行词中包含that时 I don’t know that man who came here yesterday. B. 当先行词是不定代词时 I need someone who can do the work quickly. 2. 宜用that的情况： A. 当主句是who引导的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that is standing over there? B. 先行词是或被any, all, every, no, some, much, few, little, the only, the one, the very, the right, 序数词，形容词最高级修饰时 C. 当先行词在从句作表语时 She is no longer the girl that she used to be. 六、介词宾语的情况 1. 当先行词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词之前。 This is the house that/which we live in. →This is the house in which we live. He is the man whom/that we talked about last time. →He is the man about whom we talked last time. 2. 介词不能提到who或that之前 Mary is the girl whom/that I go to school with every day. →Mary is the girl with whom I go to school every day. Mr. Smith is the boss whose factory these workers work in. →Mr. Smith is the boss in whose factory these workers work. 3. 动词短语中的介词只能放在原来的位置 This is the boy whom/that the nurse is taking care of. Have you found the book which/that you were looking for? 七、关系副词的用法示例 1. when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的名词；when=介词+which I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm. I often thought of my childhood in/during which I lived on a farm. He will never forget the day when/on which he joined the party. 2. where表示地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。其先行词是表地点的名词；where=介词(in/at/on)+which: The factory where I once worked is in the west of the city. The factory in which I once worked is in the west of the city. It’s the room where/in which I used to live in my childhood. 3. why表示原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。其先行词是表示原因的reason。 Do you know the reason why she was late? The reason why she was sad was that she failed in the exam. 4. 比较 This is the park where the children are playing football. (where作地点状语) This is the park which we visited last week. (which作宾语) I will never forget the time when we first met each other. (when作时间状语) I will never forget the time which we spent on the farm. (which作宾语) 八、含插入语的定语从句 插入语并不影响句子结构，使用哪个关系代词取决于它在从句中所担任的成分。 She is a top student, who they say has won five prizes in the math contest. I have an idea which I’m sure will interest you. We will have a new science teacher, who I know has just returned from Britain. There are some diseases which I think are caused by pollution. I was introduced to a writer whom they said many high school students admired. 九、特殊情况 1. time作先行词，前面如有序数词修饰时，只能用that或省略。 This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson. The first time (that) I saw Premier Zhou Enlai was in 1958. 2. 当the way作先行词时，可用in which或that,也可省略。 I don’t like the way (in which/that) you speak to your mother.