高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题 附答案

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

高考英语复习：阅读理解词义猜测题[层级一真题题组]A(2018·北京卷，D)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more peoplebecome comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。

2019高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜测类（含解析）一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than last year, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their career s,” Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in the first year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is up to the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration, Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her efforts paid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year, according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the country this year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year. Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.（1）From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2）The underlined word “recruit” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. forceB. employC. encourageD. train（3）The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4）Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell, Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For about half an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just how bad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1）Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2）What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.（3）What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4）What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the ki nd of person to say, “it's the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服). She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.（1）The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away" probably means “”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me （2）What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories. （3）What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4）What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasantyellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing（供认）a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell （牢房）and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of ￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症）. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The s tation has 31 cells , including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colors will calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “ energy force ” . She said : “ Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication . ”Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in the cells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .（1）The expression “ tip the balance ” in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2）Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames . （3）The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functions of colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves.I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband's patience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heard her constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket.“He's a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,”Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, as before,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.”“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked,“He can't see.”“Can't see?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do.”The clerk said,“His wife describes each painting so he ca n see it in his head.”I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.（1）The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2）“I moved away quickly.”in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3）We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4）After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched（感动的）B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed（气恼的）6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

词义猜测题【题型突破】词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是猜测词组、句意题.因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点/态度等。

联系文章主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。

近几年命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力.【命题方式】1.The word/phrase＂…＂in the passage means _________.2。

The word/phrase＂…＂can be best replaced by _________。

3. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _________?4.The word/phrase＂…＂probably refers to _________。

5.What does the underlined word/phrase＂…＂in the passage mean?词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断.熟练以下猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

猜词方法依据猜词方法依据定义有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

指代关系it,that,this，he，him,them可指上文提到的事、物、人。

有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。

同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系进行猜测。

同义关系当词或短语之间有并列连词and，or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，从而推知其大致意Passage1（2017·新课标卷I ，D ）drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U 。

高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., toda y is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.“You can use me as a last re sort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talkabout the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.（Paragraph 4）“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movem ent.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs — and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing againstBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton createcolourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park —2.2 million acres —was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.60. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird’s view.Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stopfunctioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》) . And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to th e top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about peo ple who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. W aste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the boardwere singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.2020年1月浙江卷Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wol f in a game of “Little Red Riding H ood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer —in character —“The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article.22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.2018年之前高考英语真题1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in thi s text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize hisfuture.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. divisionC. authorityD. qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----isimportant. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to reactB. Having a thin edgeC. Clear and definiteD. sudden and rapidIn fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Accept.B. Employ.C. Play with.D. Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, amagazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important i t is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories.I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”27. What does the u nderlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.A. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedo…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”.A. appointmentB. connectionC. interviewD. agreementThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日梦)C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories高考英语阅读理解猜测词意参考答案2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining darkeyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whisperin g support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.25.猜词题。

词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。

连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。

二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。

这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。

线索词有that, which, is等。

三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。

在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。

四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。

五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。

这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。

标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。

六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。

2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕一、阅读理解1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Xinhua News—The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and easethe city's employment problems.The government plans to recruit 3,000 university graduates this year, 1,000 more than lastyear, to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas.People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to BeijingMunicipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to from February 1 through March 15.“ Wehope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in ruralvillages and to start their careers, 〞 Sun Zhenyu, the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau, told Xinhua News Agency.The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2,000 Yuan in thefirst year, 2,500 Yuan the second year and 3,000 the third year, provided their performance is upto the required standards, Sun said.Wang Lina, who graduated from Beijing Union University last year, was one of the first graduatesto find work in the city's countryside. After majoring in Industrial and Commercial Administration,Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's PingguDistrict. For one project, Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and ForestrySciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting. Her effortspaid off. The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year.Nationwide, about 150,000 university graduates found employment in rural areas last year,according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education.The ministry predicts that 4.95 million students will graduate from universities across the countrythis year, 820,000 more than last year. About 1.4 million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate. In Beijing, a record of 200,000 people are expected to graduate from university this year.Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs, according to Beijing Personnel Bureau.〔1〕 From the story of Wang Lina we can learn that _________.A. Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberriesB. local farmerscan get big harvests if they work together with herC. the sooner you go to the countryside, the sooner you will be successfulD. universitygraduate can realize their value no matter where they work（2〕 The underlined word “recruit 〞 in the first paragraph probablyeansm ________.2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕（3〕 The last two paragraphs seem to tell us that ________.A. it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadaysB. more and more graduates will work as junior officialsC. the universities should not enroll so many studentsD. there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education（4〕 Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. The Government's Help for University GraduatesB. A Good Choice for University GraduatesC. Job Hunting for University GraduatesD. What is the Best Career?2.阅读理解Nothing could stop Dad. After he was put on disability for a bad back, he bought a small farmin the country, just enough to grow food for the family. He planted vegetables, fruit trees andeven kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料). The smell really burned the inside of your nose. When we complained about the terrible smell,Dad said the stronger the manure, the healthier the crops, and he was right. For example, justone of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in, Dad threw himself into cooking. One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages, eggplants, potatoes, corns, onions and carrots. For abouthalf an hour, the pressure built and the vegetables cooked. Finally, Dad turned off the stove, thepot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam. If we thought Dad's pile of chicken manure was bad, this was 10 times worse. When Dad took off the lid, the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house. Just howbad was it? The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined, Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around. It didn't look that bad, and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell, it didn't offend the nose so much, either. I took a taste. It would never win a prize in a cooking competition, but it was surprisingly edible, and we drank up every last drop of soup!（1〕 Why did Dad clean Old Man Mocolgin's chicken house regularly?A. To earn some money for the family.B. To collect manure for his crops.C. To get rid of the terrible smell.D. To set a good example to us.（2〕 What can we infer about Dad's stew?A. It is popular among the neighbors.B. It contains honey and vegetables.C. It looks very wonderful.D. It tastes quite delicious.〔3〕 What does the underlined word“offend〞in the last paragraph mean?2019高考英语阅读理解专题词义猜测类(含解析)2021 高考英语阅读理解专题-词义猜想类〔含解析〕A. To attract.B. To upset.C. To air.D. To shut.（4〕 What can we learn about Dad form the text?A. He is an experienced cook.B. He is a troublesome father.C. He has a positive attitude to life.D. He suffers a lot from his disability.3.阅读理解I've never been the kind of person to say,“ it's the thought that counts〞 when it comes t That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away.For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and 1 raisedour kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of mychildren's growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they weremeasured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardestto leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall ofheights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, buterasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways,but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when Imoved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服).She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of thehundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印 ), and old marks. Somehow, shemanaged to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photostogether into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of thepencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.〔1〕 The underlined phrase in Para. I“blew me away" probably means〞.“A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me（2〕 What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories.（3〕 What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished（4〕 What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family History4.阅读理解Nervous suspects locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow color on the door . If they are close to confessing〔供认〕a crime , the blue on the wall might tip the balance .Gwent Police have abandoned colors such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell 〔牢房〕 and have used color psychology to decorate them .Ystrad Mynach station , which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia〔幽闭恐怖症〕. Designers have painted the frames yellow , which researchers say is a calming color . Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the color is likely to encourage truthfulness .The station has 31 cells , including 12 with a “ livescan 〞system for drunken or disturbed prisoners , which detects the rise and fall of their chest . An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened .Designers and psychologists have worked for years on color . Blue is said to suggest trust , efficiency , duty , logic , coolness , thinking and calm . It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness . It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter , soft colorswill calm the mind and aid concentration .Yellow is linked with confidence , self-respect and friendliness get the color wrong and it could cause fear , depression and anxiety , but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect .Ingrid Collins , a psychologist who specializes in the effects of color , said that color was an “energy force 〞 .She said : “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication .〞Yellow , she said , affected the mind . Red , on the other hand , should never be considered because it could increase aggression . Mrs. Collins praised the designers for using colors in thecells . Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with color to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate , In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy .〔1〕 The expression“ tip the balance〞in Paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might __________ .A. let suspects keep their balanceB. help suspects to confess their crimesC. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law courtD. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colors（2〕 Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing ?A. Scanning equipment .B. Royal blue lines .C. Glass doors .D. Yellow frames .（3〕 The passage is mainly concerned with __________ .A. the relationship between colors and psychologyB. a comparison of different functionsof colorsC. the use of colors in cells to affect criminals' psychologyD. scientific ways to helpcriminals reform themselves in prison5.阅读理解One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish abusiness meeting.I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk.I admired the husband'spatience for putting up with her continuous talk.Distracted by their noise,I moved on.I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art.Each time I heardher constant burst of words,I moved away quickly.I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couplecame near to the exit.Before they left,the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a whiteobject.He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get hiswife's jacket.“ He's a brave man.〞The clerk at the counter said,〞Most of us would give up if wewere blinded at such a young age.During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn't change. So, asbefore,he and his wife come in whenever there's a new art show.〞“ But what does he get out of the art?〞I asked,“ He can't see.〞“ Can'tsee?You're wrong.He sees a lot.More than you or I do. 〞 Theclerk said, “ Hiswifedescribes each painting so he can see it in his head.〞I learned something about patience,courage and love that day.I saw the patience of a young wifedescribing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allowblindness to change his life.And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walkaway hand in hand.（1〕 The young couple were at an art museum ________.A. to discuss paintingsB. to show their loveC. to appreciate artD. to describe paintings（2〕“I moved away quickly. 〞in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.A. was in the hope of visiting more roomsB. was in a hurry to buy some giftsC. was not interested in the art showD. was tired of the nonstop talking（3〕 We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.A. couldn't stand his wifeB. was not born blindC. knew nothing about artD. completely depended on his wife（4〕 After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple,the writer was ________.A. touched 〔感动的〕B. excitedC. encouragedD. annoyed 〔气恼的〕6.阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、 B、C 和 D〕中，选出最正确选项。

阅读理解-词义猜测三1、 The Edinburgh International Film Festival, after 60 years as one of thecity's cultural focuses in August, will move to June from next year. Artisticdirector Hannah McGill said the festival needed more breathing space.“There are huge advantages in having all these cultural events in one place and time,” she said. “But there is limited space. It’s like when a child has a birthday on Christmas Day —it all comes on top of each other.”Ms McGill said that the film festival wanted to use extra places to organize events and conferences which Edinburgh was too crowded to provide in August. Shespoke of her difficulty, for example, being unable to hold an exhibition as partof the film festival because of limited space.However, Jon Morgan, the director of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival,deprecated the film festival s move which suggested the city was overburdened inAugust. “There are still hundreds of spaces that aren't used,and there is stillroom for it to expand,” he saidThe move to June made s ense. It would allow more air between it and the London Film Festival, providing for more distinctive (有特色的)programming.“June will give us the breathing space to expand and create our own identity, allowing us to further develop our position as one of the world's most innovative(创新的) and challenging annual film events,” Ms McGill said The festival organisers thought that the move to June would not reduceaudiences,saying film-lovers would visit Edinburgh in early summer. Ginnie Atkinson, the festival’s managing director, said, “Our audiences are very film-focused. Last year we asked in our market research if they would come if we were the only showin town and they said yes.”1.The passage intends to tell us that the Edinburgh International FilmFestival ___________.A.needs improvingB.enjoys great successC.needs more breathing spaceD.will move to “quieter” June2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph suggests that _______.A.having two important events in one place and time has many advantagesB.having two important events in one place and time will cause pressureC.wonderful things always go hand in handD.having a birthday on Christmas Day is a lucky thing3.The underlined word “deprecated” in Paragraph 4 probably means__________.A.disagreed toB.approved ofC.supportedD.held4.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.the move to June will affect the number of people who visit EdinburghB.the festival is one of the world s most innovative and challenging annual filmeventsC.the festival has been one of Edinburgh's cultural focuses for 60 yearsD.it is generally believed that August is a busy month to the cultural circles inEdinburgh2、 Stonehenge, the world-famous circle of stone columns may 12. have had abrother. A much bigger, older brother.University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago.The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is nearDurrington Walls, also known as “ superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is believed tohave been completed 3,500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. "What we are startingto see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved underneath a bank, thathas ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” said Vince Gaffney.The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. "Our radar data have shown anamazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones," said professor WolfgangNeubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.“ In the east,up to 30 stones ... have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge HiddenLandscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changingfundamentally(根本上) our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it,"Neubauer added."Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancientmonuments within it will need to be rewritten,”　said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings wereannounced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at theUniversity of Bradford.1.It is believed that the superhenge is _________ earlier than the Stonehenge.A.1,000 yearsB.2,500 yearsC.3,500 yearsD.4,500 years2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The British Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham3、 If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as GoldenDelicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see therange of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by theRomans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One ofthe v ery best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll needa warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will bestsuit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, nearFaversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.4、 In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely bytheir own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are infact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effectsof a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon r ainforest,with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firmfriendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their livingenvironment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area offreedom.”　“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon theuncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, whichallows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”　His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. Thesepictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which bringswith it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and evensuicide.1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A.They seldom follow the French law.B.They often ignore the Guianese law.C.They are separated from the modern world.D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.A.a tour guideB.a geographerC.a film directorD.a photographer3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The modern French lifestyle.B.The self-supporting hunting.C.The uncivilized hunting.D.The French Republic.5、"Indeed," George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, "some kind of fly, orbug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home." But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referringto insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already createdlightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in theirlanguage, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans usedto be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to, bug, that is, "to install(安装) an alarm". Now i t means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. Thatmeaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome indeveloping a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been upthe two previous nights discovering 'a bug' in his invented record player."1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century2.What does the word "flaw" in the last paragraph probably mean?A.ExplanationB.FindingC.OriginD.Fault3.The passage is mainly concerned with .A.the misunderstanding of the word bugB.the development of the word bugC.the public views of the word bugD.the special characteristics of the word bug6、Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they’ll probably take you back to their grandmothers’　dining rooms –maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings”　and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. Accordingto the Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly mealtogether.There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busymodern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don’t seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it’s far too lateto start thinking about heating the oven(烤箱) up.However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carriedaway by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only thehalf of it .The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen,and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobilephone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”1.The best title for the passage is probably _____.A.Sunday—Best Time for FamilyB.Sunday Roast Dying OutC.It’s the Perfect Time for UsD.Let’s Sit Down Together2.Why do people pay less attention to Sunday roast?A.They have a busy lifestyle.B.They have no interest in cooking.C.They don’t think it worthwhile.D.They are living in the modern society.3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A recent article.B.A traditional kitchen.C.The fine old tradition.D.Sunday morning activity.4.How does the author feel towards Sunday roast’s dying out?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Sorry.D.Uncertain.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.主旨大意题。

专题 13 词义猜测题之代词指代代词指代题旨在考查学生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。

文章中的代词this，that, it，they，them等可以指上文提到的人或物。

其中it和that还可以指一件事。

有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。

“3步法”解题此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one等）究竟指代什么。

具体方法：（1）返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...).（2）向上（有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子（就近原则）。

（3）将找到的词、词组或句子代人替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。

[微点拨]理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。

考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。

要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代ADo you make money by doing small jobs? If you do, you may have heard of the idea of spending only some of it, saving some of it and donating (捐赠) some to people who need it more．The head of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, and his wife announced they were giving away 99% of their money from Facebook during their lives to help others！That alone is amazing considering most people donate about 3% to 5% of the money they have．It’s even more amazing when you realize they’re donating about D|S45 billion．That’s D|S45,000,000,000！！！！Don’t worry．They’ll still have about D|S455 million to live on!They made this decision partly because they had a baby girl, Max, and thought about what kind of world they’d like her to grow up in．It must be an amazing feeling to have that kind of money spent on people in need．Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest persons in the world, so most of us will never know what that would be like．But we don’t have to be super wealthy to make meaningful change．Sometimes change can come from change!Ten­year­old Joey Roth from America started saving up change he found anywhere —around his house, on the street, on his way to school ．．．And then he started putting it in a jar (广口瓶)．He even asked the tooth fairyto donate some change in his letter to her after he lost a tooth! (The tooth fairy is an imaginary person．) His collection, Jar for Change, has grown into a community­wide effort and he has raised over D|S10,000 all from people dropping coins into jars! The money he raises goes to help connect parents with their very sick babies．See what these people have done? You, too, can make a difference— no matter how old you are, where you live and how much you earn!1．How much would most people donate if they had 10,000 yuan?A．30－50 yuan．B．50－100 yuan．C．300－500 yuan． D．500－1,000 yuan．2．Mark Zuckerberg and his wife decided to make such a donation partly because of ________．A．Joey Roth B．their daughterC．their education D．their childhood3．What does the underlined word “that”in the third paragraph refer to?A．Making money．B．Spending money unwisely．C．Being the richest person in the world．D．Giving away D|S45 billion to help others．4．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Joey Roth’s story?A．Everyone can help others．B．Giving makes people happy．C．Pocket money can be helpful．D．Giving is better than receiving．BThere is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (遗产) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the article?A．To help motivate homesickness.B．To show national identity.C．To reflect a country’s history.D．To show a community’s superiority.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The specific traditional food.B．The national culture.C．A traditional expression of food.D．The old-fashioned taste.7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.C．To make the dishes popular among customers.D．To present their own food culture in a new way.8．What’s he author’s attitude toward different food cultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.CAlong with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing (繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreen ed and foreign movies dubbed (译制). Audiences' enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance ofChinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home-made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film arm and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?A．Popularity of televisions.B．Development of online cinemas.C．A slowdown in economic growth.D．Introduction of overseas movies.10．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The space of Chinese movies.B．The Chinese film industry.C．The socialist market economy.D．The introduction of reform and opening up.11．What does the author indicate in the end?A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.B．The film screening technology is key to films' success.C．The Internet is a two-edged sword for the film industry.D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.12．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Ever-changing Film MarketB．Popular Online FilmsC．Advanced Film TechnologiesD．Flourishing Chinese Films答案A语篇解读：不是一定要有很多钱才能帮助别人，我们也可以从小处做起。

高考英语必考点妙解专题：猜测词义本类考题解答锦囊英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。

即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中也难免会遇到生词。

如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读变得索然无味。

据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。

因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。

任何一个买词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。

NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。

但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。

此类题的提问形式一般有：1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "?2. The underlined word, means_______.3. The underlined phrase, means_______.4. Theun derlined sentence,means_______.利用上下文的提示猜测词义的方法有如下几种：1.根据定义或解释猜测词义【例题】(1)A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.根据定义, calendar 的意思是日历.。

(2)A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else 根据定义，biography 的意思是凡别人写的生平叫做传记。

(3)Some writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA--money, Success or expensive things to buy.2.破折号后而的内容是对 value 一词的具体解释。

2021高考英语阅读解题专项之词义猜测题（十）一：知识讲解1.题型特点这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。

利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。

在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就求助词典,这是不可取的。

一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。

我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。

可是我们如何理解它们呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。

词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。

2：设问方式1.According to the passage, the word “...” probably means.2.The underlined word “...” means.3.What does the word “...” mean in the second paragraph?4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?5.As used in the passage, the phrase “...” suggests.3：解题技巧(1)通过因果关系猜测词义通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。

有时文章会借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)来猜测词义。

例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.解析通过for连接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。

高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题(含答案)1.The boy was so naughty that he often got into trouble. What does "naughty" mean?A.cleverB.badC.shyD.kind答案：B。

解析：根据后文“he often got into trouble”可知这个男孩经常惹麻烦，所以“naughty”的意思是调皮捣蛋的、不好的，即“bad”。

选项A“clever”聪明的不符合语境；选项C“shy”害羞的也不符合；选项D“kind”善良的与惹麻烦不相符。

2.The old man walked slowly along the path. What does "path" mean?A.roadB.riverC.fieldD.building答案：A。

解析：老人沿着某个地方慢慢地走，结合常识可知通常是沿着路走，“path”在这里的意思是路，即“road”。

选项B“river”河流；选项C“field”田野；选项D“building”建筑物，都不符合语境。

3.The girl was very excited when she saw the beautiful flower. What does "excited" mean?A.tiredB.happyC.sadD.angry答案：B。

解析：女孩看到漂亮的花，通常会感到高兴，“excited”在这里表示兴奋的、激动的，和“happy”意思相近。

选项A“tired”疲劳的；选项C“sad”悲伤的；选项D“angry”生气的都不符合语境。

4.The dog barked loudly at the stranger. What does "barked" mean?A.jumpedB.ranC.shoutedD.slept答案：C。

高考冲刺：猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。

词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。

所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。

常见提问方式The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______.What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase “________” most n early means ______.The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______.The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …?The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________.正确选项的特点【链接高清】1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。

2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。

干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。

2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。

解题思路1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。

词义猜测题——上下文中求答案[考查内容] [设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。

要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

专题6阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题1. 【2017·新课标全国I】CSome of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,〞 Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.〞Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,〞 says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,〞 says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,〞says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.〞29．What does the underlined word “that〞 in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.2.[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check­in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no fights from Washington.〞 So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that a re urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.〞 She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re­routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.29. Which of the followin g can replace the underlined word “courier〞 in Paragraph 1?A．Provider. B．Delivery man.C．Collector. D．Medical doctor.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。