法律英语词汇

法律英语常用词汇大全------民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让及alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right 债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages 人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让及担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参及人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support ageement四、商事法律会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’ meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors 经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue 证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certifica te of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance五、刑法总论刑法学criminal law; penal law犯罪学criminology犯罪心理学criminal psychology劳动改造法学reform-through-labor中国刑法史history of Chinese criminal law比较刑法学comparative criminal law刑事侦查criminal detection司法精神病学forensic psychiatry罪刑法定原则principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime罪刑相适应原则principal of suiting punishment to crime罪责自负原则principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime惩罚及教育相结合原则principal of combining punishment with education从旧原则the doctrine of observing old laws从新原则the doctrine of observing new laws从旧兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment 从新兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment追诉时效limitation of prosecution刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility刑事责任年龄age for criminal responsibility刑事责任能力criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility 犯罪crime; commit a crime故意犯罪intentional crime; willful crime过失犯罪negligent crime犯罪构成constitution of a crime犯罪主体subject of a crime犯罪客体object of a crime犯罪的主观方面subjective elements of a crime犯罪的客观方面objective elements of a crime犯罪对象target of a crime犯罪故意criminal intent; mens rea直接故意actual intent; direct intent间接故意indirect intent犯罪过失criminal negligence疏忽大意的过失careless negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption不能预见unforeseeable; unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪目的criminal intent; criminal purpose防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense紧急避险act of rescue; necessity犯罪既遂completion of a crime犯罪未遂attempted crime犯罪形态criminal pattern犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime 犯意表示expression for a crime犯罪中止abandonment/discontinuance of a crime犯罪中断suspension of a crime行为犯behavioral offence危险犯potential damage offence结果犯consequential offence结果加重犯aggregated consequential offence类推analogy。

法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law;precedent 普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity;law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principle ofequality自愿原则principle of freewill公平原则principle ofjustice等价有偿原则principle ofequal value exchange诚实信用原则principle ofgood faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claimfor real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claimingcancellation否认权right of claimingcancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentaryright of defense永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument right不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defenseright of simultaneousperformance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life andhealth姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right ofprivacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power;parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection ofright公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard ofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright正当防卫justifiable right;ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person 自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property ofpartnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal frompartnership合伙企业partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership oflegal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营企业private enterprise;proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individualbusiness establishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreignjoint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise社团法人legal body ofmass organization财团法人legal body offinancial group联营joint venture法人型联营association oflegal persons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legalact单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateralcivil legal act多方民事法律行为joint actcivil legal act有偿民事法律行为civillegal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civillegal act withoutconsideration;civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formalcivil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principalcivil legal act从民事法律行为accessorycivil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civillegal act with term生前民事法律行为civillegal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney 代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency byestoppel;apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书generalpower of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission;brokerhouse信托trust时效time limit;prescription;limitation时效中止suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension oflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse of time;termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civilrelations with foreignelements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law;governing law反致renvoi;remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve ofpublic order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任liability of breachof contract;responsibility ofdefault有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint and severalliability过失责任liability fornegligence;negligentliability过错责任fault liability;liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’sfault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith;malice故意deliberate intention;intention;willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失carelessand inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligencewith undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance;removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state 赔偿损失compensate for a loss;indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem;right in rem;real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing,One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right inrem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material forproduction生活资料means oflivelihood;means ofsubsistence流通物res in commercium;a thing in commerce限制流通物limitedmerchantable thing禁止流通物res extracommercium;a thing out ofcommerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset;floating asset动产movables;chattel不动产immovable;realestate特定物res certae;a certainthing种类物genus;indefinitething可分物res divisibiles;divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles;indivisible things主物res capitalis;aprincipal thing从物res accessoria;anaccessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacantgoods;ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification ofright in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria;right of full ownership所有权dominium;ownership;title所有权凭证document oftitle;title of ownership占有权dominium utile;equitable ownership使用权right of use;right touse of收益权right to earnings;right to yields处分权right of disposing;jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right forusufruct使用权right to use;right ofuse土地使用权right to the useof land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority;power of management承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboring right;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum;right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude;easement 人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing 物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation;right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque;pledge;right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam;rightto give or procure;claim;creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart;offeree给付give;pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还payment ofdebt债务的偿清discharge ofdebt债务的担保guarantee ofdebt债务的合并consolidationof debt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免除exemption ofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation损害赔偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage医药费hospital treatmentexpense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond;security deposit押金deposit;foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money;deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidateddamages by law约定违约金liquidateddamages by agreement债的履行performance ofobligation实际履行原则doctrine ofspecific performance情事变更原则doctrine ofchange of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge;satisfaction 提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner 创作creation作品opus;product;work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication 署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall;right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权property right in work 使用收益分享权right toshare usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to getpayment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right ofmechanograph;right ofmechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright剽窃plagiary;plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrialproperty专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention andcreation实用新型utility model外观设计design;industrialdesign发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to apatent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate ofpatent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’sRepublic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册internationalregistration of trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisementtrademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会tradereview and appraisal board商标审查trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标注册registeredtrademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registeredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentof registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property 重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro;divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy 早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural bloodrelation收养法adoption law收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institutionplacing out a child foradoption涉外收养adoption withforeign elements继承法inheritance law;lawof succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承succession bydevise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation;succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir;successor第二顺序继承人successorsecond in order第一顺序继承人successorfirst in order继承参与人successionparticipant遗产inheritance;heritage遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest;legacy;devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law;taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interestprotection law产品责任法productionliability law消费者权益法consumerrights and interests law公司法company law;corporate law公司company;corporation有限责任公司limitedliability company股份有限公司companylimited by shares无限公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司joint stocklimited liability partnership两合公司joint liabilitycompany控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venturecompany联营公司associatedcompany;affiliated company国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state-ownedcompany民营公司civilian-runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company;fundless company 募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater;initiator公司名称name of company 公司住址domicile of company出资contribution;capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital 实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association;articles of incorporation;bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existence ofcompany公司合并分立merger andsplit of company公司并购corporate mergerand acquisition公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司歇业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding-up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution ofshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule ofprocedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right;right tovote董事director董事长president/chairmanof the board首席执行官chief executiveofficer(CEO)首席运营官chief operationofficer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system ofthe chief executive officerunder the leadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制managerindependent responsibilitysystem监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share;stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with votingpower溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock;dividendstock法定公积金legalaccumulation fund资本公积金capitalaccumulation fund盈余公积金surplusaccumulation fund任意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange 证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system 交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes;bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill;commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order;note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue 发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer oncommercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill;tenor票据债务人debtor ofcommercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription ofexchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term ofbenevolence票据代理agency fornotes/bills/commercialinstruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate ofregistry;certificate of ship’snationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificateof ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurancepolicy船舶登记证书certificate ofregistry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritimemortgage海上优先请求权priorityclaim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claimto salvage共同海损优先权priorityclaim to general average服务优先权priority claimto service货物损害优先权priorityclaim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract 提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party;time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party;bareboat CP 包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute 海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision 海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritimedisputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritimeattachment海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition formaritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instrumentsin maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritimeaction involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of thedistrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules ofmaritime arbitrationprocedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntaryinsurance强制保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险propertyinsurance人身保险personalinsurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accidentinsurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowmentinsurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer;underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant forinsurance;;policy holder保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit ofinsurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance;insurance compensation保险事故insuranceaccident保险赔偿insuranceindemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurancebroker索赔claim代位索赔claim bysubrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right ofsubrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging ofinsurance。

几个法律英语词汇的辨析在法律领域中，正确理解和使用英语词汇至关重要。

一些看似相似的法律英语词汇往往具有微妙的差异，如果用词不准确，可能导致误解和混淆。

本文将介绍几个常见的法律英语词汇，并对它们进行辨析，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些词汇。

1. Law and Regulation法律（Law）和法规（Regulation）是两个常用的法律英语词汇，然而它们的含义略有不同。

一般来说，法律是制定由立法机构通过的规则和原则，具有更广泛的适用范围。

而法规则是政府机构、行政部门根据立法机构的授权所制定的规范，一般用于解释和详细说明法律的具体内容。

换句话说，法规是法律的具体细则。

2. Plaintiff and Defendant起诉人（Plaintiff）和被告（Defendant）是法庭上常用的两个词汇，用于描述诉讼当事人的身份。

起诉人是提出诉讼、要求法院保护自己权益的一方，而被告则是被起诉方，即被指控犯有违法行为的一方。

在一起诉讼案件中，起诉人通常是主动方，而被告则是被动方。

3. Act and Statute法案（Act）和法令（Statute）是两个用以描述法律文件的词汇。

法案是指立法机构通过、但尚未成为法律的提案。

一旦法案经过合适的程序通过并获得正式认可，它将成为法令，即具备法律效力的文件。

因此，法令是法案成为法律后的产物。

4. Trial and Appeal审判（Trial）和上诉（Appeal）是描述诉讼过程中不同阶段的两个词汇。

审判是指在法庭上对案件进行调查、证据收集和辩论的过程，以裁决案件的结果。

而上诉则是在一个案件的判决出来后，不满判决结果的一方向更高级的法院寻求审判结果的重新审视。

上诉的目的是寻求法院对判决的改变或撤销。

5. Guilty and Innocent有罪（Guilty）和无罪（Innocent）是用于描述被告在刑事案件中的身份状态的词汇。

有罪表示被告被法庭认定犯有罪行，与所指控的犯罪行为相符。

常用的法律用语英语词汇在现代社会，法律类的新闻是人们最常关注的新闻之一。

但是，不知道大家有没有留意一些常用的法律用语?下面就为大家带来常用的法律用语英语词汇。

repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规mon law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法mercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税1、子母词联想法我们都还记得，当初我们学会了大尺和采等汉字以后，师长们是这样教我们识记生字的：大字头上加一横就是天字，尺字下面添两点就是尽字，采字右边增补三撇就是彩字。

相应地，有些在词形上也是由一些子词在前面或后面加上其它字母或字母组合构成的。

法律英语法律渊源source of lawnorm right of defense制定法statute 永久性抗辩权permanent 判例法case law; precedent 民法基本原则fundamentalcounter-argument right普通法common law principles of civil law 不安抗辩权unstable 特别法special law 平等原则principle ofcounter-argument right固有法native law; 同时履行抗辩权defenseequality自愿原则principle of freeindigenous law right of simultaneous 继受法adopted lawwill performance实体法substantial law 公平原则principle of 既得权tested right程序法procedural law 期待权expectant rightjustice原则法fundamental law 等价有偿原则principle of 专属权exclusive right例外法exception law 非专属权non-exclusiveequal value exchange司法解释judicial 诚实信用原则principle ofrightinterpretation good faith 人身权利personal right习惯法customary law 行为act 人权human right公序良俗public order and 作为ac 人格权right of personality不作为omission 生命健康权right of life and moral自然法natural law 合法行为lawful acthealth罗马法Roman Law 违法行为unlawful act 姓名权right of name私法private law 民事权利权利能力civil 名称权right of name公法public law 肖像权right of portraitureright市民法jus civile 绝对权absolute right 自由权right of freedom万民法jus gentium 相对权relative right 名誉权right reputation民法法系civil law system 优先权right of priority 隐私权right of privacy英美法系system of 先买权preemption 私生活秘密权right of原权antecedent rightAnglo-American law privacy大陆法系civil law system 救济权right of relief 贞操权virginity right普通法common law 支配权right of dominion 身份权right of status大陆法continental law 请求权right of claim 亲权parental power; 罗马法系Roman law 物上请求权right of claimparental right亲属权right of relative system for real thing衡平法equity; law of equity 形成权right of formation 探视权visitation right日尔曼法Germantic law 撤销权right of claiming 配偶权right of spouse教会法ecclesiastical law cancellation 荣誉权right of honor寺院法canon law 否认权right of claiming 权利的保护protection of 伊斯兰法Islamic law cancellation right民法法律规范norm of civil 解除权right of 公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection law renouncement授权规范authorization 代位权subrogated right 权利本位standard of right选择权right of choice 社会本位standard of norm***禁止规范forbidding norm 承认权right of admission society义务性规范obligatory 终止权right of termination 无责任行为irresponsible抗辩权right of defensenorm right命令性规范commanding 一时性抗辩权momentary 正当防卫justifiable right;1/ 10***法律英语法人型联营association of ligitimatedefence agreement防卫行为act of defence 合伙财产property oflegal persons自为行为self-conducting 合伙型联营coordinatedpartnershipact 合伙债务debt of management in partnership紧急避险act of rescue;partnership 协作型联营入伙join partnershipnecessity cooperation-type coordinated 自助行为act of self-help 退伙withdrawal frommanagement不可抗力force majeure 合作社cooperativepartnership意外事件accident 合伙企业partnership 民事法律行为civil legal 行为能力capacity for actbusiness establishment act意思能力capacity of will 个人合伙partnership单方民事法律行为民事行为civil act 法人合伙partnership ofunilateral civil legal act意思表示declaration of 双方民事法律行为bilaterallegal personintention 特别合伙special civil legal act意思表示一致meeting of 多方民事法律行为joint actpartnership普通合伙generalminds; consensus civil legal act完全行为能力perfect 有偿民事法律行为civilpartnership有限合伙limitedcapacity for act legal act with consideration限制行为能力restrictive partnership 无偿民事法律行为civil民事合伙civil partnershipcapacity for act legal act without 准禁治产人consideration; civil legal act隐名合伙sleepingquasi-interdicted person partnership; dormant without award保佐protectionpartnership 实践性民事法律行为自治产人minor who is 私营企业private enterprise; practical civil legal act capable of administering his proprietorship法律翻译公司法人legal personown capacity 诺成性民事法律行为无行为能力incapacity for 企业法人legal body ofconsental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal act enterprise禁治产人interdicted person 企业集团group of civil legal act自然人natural personenterprise 不要式民事法律行为公民citizen 关联企业affiliate enterpriseinformal civil legal act住所domicile 个人独资企业individual要因民事法律行为居所residence***business establishment causative civil legal act经常居住地frequently 国有独资企业solely不要因民事法律行为dwelling place state-owned enterprise noncausative civil legal act户籍census register 中外合资企业Sino-foreign 主民事法律行为principal 监护guardianshipjoint venture enterprise civil legal act个体工商户individual 中外合作企业Sino-foreign 从民事法律行为accessory business contractual enterprise civil legal act农村承包经营户附条件民事法律行为社团法人legal body ofleaseholding rural household mass organization conditional civil legal act合伙partnership 财团法人legal body of 附期限民事法律行为civil 合伙人partnerfinancial group legal act with term合伙协议partnership 联营joint venture 生前民事法律行为civil2/ 10***法律英语转致transmission legal act before death attorney死后民事法律行为civil 代理行为act of agency 识别identification委托代理agency by 公共秩序保留reserve of legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil mandate public order本代理original agency 法律规避evasion of law legal act无效行为ineffective act 复代理subagency 国籍nationality可撤销民事行为revocable 次代理subagency 国有化nationalization有权代理authorized agency 法律责任legal liability civil act违法行为illegal act; 表见代理agency by 民事责任civil unlawful act estoppel; apparent agency liability/responsibility侵权行为tort 律师代理agency by lawyer 行政责任administrative 欺诈fraud 普通代理general agencyliability/responsibility胁迫duress 全权代理general agency 刑事责任criminal 乘人之危taking advantage 全权代理委托书general liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of others ’precarious power of attorney共同代理joint agencyposition of contract; responsibility of 以合法形式掩盖非法目的default独家代理sole agency居间brokerage 有限责任limited liability legal form concealing illegal intention 居间人broker 无限责任unlimited liability恶意串通malicious 行纪commission; broker 按份责任shared/several collaboration house liability重大误解gross 信托trust 连带责任joint and several 时效time limit; prescription; misunderstandingliability显失公平obvious unjust limitation 过失责任liability for 误传misrepresentation 时效中止suspension ofnegligence; negligent 代理agencyprescription/limitation liability本人principal 时效中断interruption of 过错责任fault liability; 被代理人principallimitation/prescription liability for fault受托人trustee 时效延长extension of 单独过错sole fault代理人agent 共同过错joint faultlimitation本代理人original agent 取得时效acquisitive 混合过错mixed fault法定代理人statutory agent; 被害人过错victim ’s faultprescription时效终止lapse of time; 第三人过错third party’s legal agent委托代理人agent by termination of prescription fault期日date 推定过错presumptive fault mandate指定代理人designated 期间term 恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; agent复代理人subagent 涉外民事关系civilintention; willfulness再代理人subagent 过失negligencerelations with foreign转代理人subagent 重大过失gross negligenceelements***代理权right of agency 冲突规范rule of conflict 疏忽大意的过失careless 授权行为act of 准据法applicable law;and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence authorization governing law授权委托书power of 反致renvoi; remissionwith undue assumption3/ 10***法律英语损害事实facts of damage 物权公示原则principal of 埋藏物fortuna; hidden 有形损失tangiblepublic summons of right in property货币currency damage/loss rem无形损失intangible 物权法jus rerem 证券securities物property 债券bond damage/loss财产损失property 生产资料raw material for 物权分类classification of damage/loss production right in rem/real right人身损失personal 生活资料means of 自物权jus in re propria; damage/loss livelihood; means of right of full ownership精神损失spiritual 所有权dominium;subsistence流通物res in commercium;damage/loss ownership; title民事责任承担方式 a thing in commerce所有权凭证document of限制流通物limitedmethods of bearing civil title; title of ownershipliability merchantable thing 占有权dominium utile; 停止侵害cease the 禁止流通物res extraequitable ownership使用权right of use; right to infringing act commercium; a thing out of排除妨碍exclusion ofcommerce use of资产asset 收益权right to earnings; hindrance; removal of obstacle 固定资产fixed asset right to yields消除危险elimination of 流动资产current asset; 处分权right of disposing; danger floating asset jusdispodendi返还财产restitution of 动产movables; chattel 善意占有possession in不动产immovable; realproperty good faith恢复原状restitution; estate 恶意占有malicious特定物res certae; a certainrestitution of original state possession赔偿损失compensate for a 按份共有severalthing种类物genus; indefiniteloss; indemnify for a loss possession支付违约金payment of 共同共有joint possessionthingliquidated damage 可分物res divisibiles; 他物权jus in re aliena消除影响eliminate ill 用益物权real right fordivisible things不可分物res indivisibiles;effects usufruct恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s 使用权right to use; right ofindivisible things主物res capitalis; a reputationuse赔礼道歉extend a formal principal thing 土地使用权right to the use从物res accessoria; anapology of landaccessory thing 林权forest ownership物权jus ad rem; right in 原物original thing 采矿权mining ownership***孳息fruits 经营权managerial authority; rem; real right物权制度real right system; 天然孳息natural fruitspower of management 法定孳息legal fruits 承包经营权right to right in rem system一物一权原则the principal 无主物bona vacatia; vacant contracted management 相邻权neighboring right; of One thing, One Right goods; ownerless goods物权法定主义principal of 遗失物lost propertyrelatedright漂流物drifting object 地上权superficies legality of right in rem4/ 10***法律英语永佃权jus emphyteuticum; 质权hypotheque; pledge; 侵权行为之债tort right to landed estate granted right of pledge obligation佃权tenant right 损害赔偿之债obligation of in perpetuity through a contract compensation for injury; 地役权servitude; easement 债权jus in personam; rightobligation of damages人役权servituspersonarum; 人身损害damage to personto give or procure; claim;personal servitude creditor ’s right精神损害担保物权real right for 债权人creditormoral/mental/spiritual security 债务人debtor damage物的担保security for thing 相对人counterpart; offeree 医药费hospital treatment 物的瑕疵担保warranty 给付give; payexpense债务debt; liability; 医疗费medical charge against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; 抚恤金pensionobligationhypothecation; right to 债务的偿还payment of 慰问金consolation money 产品瑕疵defect of product mortgage debt抵押权的设定creation of 债务的偿清discharge of 不当得利unjust enrichment 无因管理voluntary service right to mortgage debt抵押人mortgagor 债务的担保guarantee of 债的担保guarantee of 抵押权人mortgagee debt obligation抵押标的物collateral; 债务的合并consolidation 财产担保property estate under mortgage of debt guarantee抵押权的效力deffect of 债务的给付日期debt 信用担保credit guarantee 让与担保alienation right to mortgage maturity抵押权的次序sequence of 债务的免除exemption of guarantee保证guaranty right to mortgage debt抵押权的抛弃债的分类obligatio; 明示保证express guaranty 默示保证implied guaranty abandonment of right to obligation法定之债legal obligation 保证人guarantor mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of 任意之债voluntary 保证合同contract of right to mortgage obligation guaranty/suretyship抵押权的实现简单之债simple obligation 保证金guaranty bond;选择之债alternativematerialization of right to security deposit押金deposit; foregift mortgage obligation抵押权的消灭extinction of 主债prime/principal 预付款advanced payment 定金earnest money; deposit right to obligationmortgageregistration of 从债accessory obligation 违约金liquidated damages 单一之债single obligation 法定违约金liquidated estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of 按份之债several obligationdamages by law连带之债joint obligation 约定违约金liquidated estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of 特定之债certain obligationdamages by agreement mortgage 种类之债indefinite 债的履行performance of***留置权lienobligation obligation一般留置权general lien 合同之债contractual 实际履行原则doctrine of 特别留置权special lienobligation specific performance5/ 10***法律英语情事变更原则doctrine of 专有技术know-howin work使用收益分享权right to 专利证书certificate of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasanceshare usufruct patent清偿discharge; satisfaction 利用权right to make use of 专利事务所patent office提存debtor’s submission of 获得报酬权right to get 专利代理patent agencythe subject matter of payment中华人民共和国专利局重播权right ofobligation to competent Patent Office of the People ’s authority rebroadcasting Republic of China抵销setoff 录制权right of fixation 商标权trademark right机械复制权right of 商标国际注册international 知识产权intellectualmechanograph; right of registration of trademark商品商标commodity property mechanical reproduction知识产权国际保护trademark著作邻接权neighboringinternational protection of right of copyright 服务商标service trademark 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism 驰名商标reputed trademark intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of 盗版pirate 广告商标advertisement盗版VCD pirated VCDnational treatment trademark优先权原则 a right of 伪造forge 近似商标similar trademark priority doctrine 工业产权industrial 商标评审委员会trade 自动保护原则doctrine ofproperty review and appraisal board专利权patent right 商标审查trademark automatic protection特许权使用费royalties 优先权日priority dateexamination智力成果intellectual 申请在先原则prior 商标侵权trademark property application rule infringement著作权copyright 使用在先priority of use 商标注册registered 版权copyright 新颖性noveltytrademark著作权人copyright owner 创造性creativity 商标公告trademark gazette 创作creation 实用性practicability注册商标使用许可作品opus; product; work 发明创造invention and licensing of registered 著作人格权right ofcreation trademark实用新型utility model 注册商标转让assignment personality of copyright发表权right of publication 外观设计design; industrialof registered trademark署名权right of authorship;design 商标使用许可协议right of paternity 发明权right of invention trademark licensing 修改权right of modification; 发现权right of discoveryagreementright of revision 专利申请patent application 商标事务所trademark 完整性保持权right to 专利异议objection to aoffice商标代理trademark agency maintain integrity patent不可侵犯权inviolability 专利公告patent gazette收回权right of recall; right 专利续展费renewal fee of婚姻、家庭、继承、收养of retrieval patent marriage, family, inheritance, 自费出版publish a book at 专利许可协议patentadoption婚姻法marital law; the author’s own expense licensing agreement著作财产权property right 技术诀窍know-howmarriage law6/ 10法律英语包办婚姻arranged marriage 一夫一妻制monogamy遗赠抚养协议财产分割partition; 早婚early marriagelegacy-support agreement直系血亲lineal descent dismemberment of property重婚bigamy 自然血亲natural blood 会计法accounting law独生子女only child 税法tax law; taxation lawrelation法律婚legal marriage 收养法adoption law 反不正当竞争法anti-unfair 非婚生子女illegitimate 收养协议adoptioncompetition lawchild agreement消费者权益保护法夫妻共同财产community 收养人adoptive parentconsumer ’s interest送养人person or institutionproperty protection law夫妻关系conjugal 产品责任法productionplacing out a child forrelationship adoption liability law夫妻分居divorce a mensa 涉外收养adoption with 消费者权益法consumer et thoro; divorce from bed foreign elements rights and interests law继承法inheritance law; law 公司法company law; and board复婚resumption ofof succession corporate law法定继承legal seccession 公司company; corporation marriage感情破裂incompatibility 遗嘱继承intestate 有限责任公司limited 婚后财产公证notarization succession liability company遗赠继承succession by 股份有限公司company of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriagedevise limited by shares自然继承natural succession 无限公司unlimited registration婚生子女ligitimate child 代位继承representation;company计划生育birth control succession by subrogation 股份两合公司joint stock 结婚marry 世袭继承hereditarylimited liability partnership离婚divorce 两合公司joint liabilitysuccession买卖婚姻mercenary 间接继承indirectcompany控股公司holding company marriage succession拟制血亲blood relations in 转继承subsuccession 集团公司group company共同继承joint succession 合资公司joint venture fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation 单独继承single successioncompany继承人heir; successor 联营公司associated blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with 第二顺序继承人successorcompany; affiliated company foreign elements second in order 国营公司state-own 配偶spouse 第一顺序继承人successorcompany事实婚de facto marriage first in order 国有公司state-owned 诉讼离婚divorce by 继承参与人successioncompany民营公司civilian-run litigation participant探视权visitation right 遗产inheritance; heritagecompany同居cohabitation 遗产继承人heir to property; 本国公司national/domestic 晚婚late marriage inheritor company无效婚姻void marriage 遗言last will and testament 外国公司foreign company 协议离婚divorce by 遗书last words 上市公司listed company遗赠bequest; legacy; devise 母公司parent company agreement7/ 10法律英语子公司subsidiary 首席执行官chief executiveassociation; articles of皮包公司briefcaseincorporation; bylaw officer(CEO)公司登记incorporation; 首席运营官chief operation company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by corporate registration officer(COO)公司存续existence of 执行董事executive director stock floatation发起人floater; initiator 常务董事managing directorcompany公司名称name of company 公司合并分立merger and 董事会board of directors公司住址domicile ofsplit of company 董事会领导下的经理负责company 公司并购corporate merger 制responsibility system of 出资contribution; capitaland acquisition the chief executive officer公司管理corporatesubscription under the leadership of the 现金出资investment ingovernance; company board of directors经理独立负责制manager cash management实物出资investment in 公司法律顾问corporate independent responsibility kind counsel system工业产权出资investment 公司整顿company 监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors in industrial property right rectification非专有技术出资公司歇业closure of 股share; stockinvestment in non-patent business 普通股common stock公司和解company 特别股special stock technology劳务出资investment in 资格股qualification stockcomposition公司解散company 优先股preferred stock labor高新技术成果出资dissolution劣后股inferior stock investment in hi-tech 公司清算company 表决权股stock with voting achievements liquidation power注册资本registered capital 公司清理company 溢价股premium stock实缴资本paid-in capital 折价股converting stockwinding-up验资报告capital 竞业禁止non-commpete; 国家股state-owned share verification report competition prohibition 集体股collective share 法会计师事务所certified 招股章程prospectus 人股corporate share股本stock capital 企业股enterprise share public accountants注册会计师certified public 股东shareholder 个人股individual share股东大会shareholders’股息dividend accountant资本三原则three doctrine meeting 红股bonus stock; dividend股东大会决议resolution ofof capital stock资本确定原则doctrine of 法定公积金legalshareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule ofcapital determination accumulation fund资本维持原则doctrine of 资本公积金capitalprocedure of shareholders’capital maintenance meeting accumulation fund资本不变原则doctrine of 表决权voting right; right to 盈余公积金surplus unchanging capital vote accumulation fund最低资本额制度minimum 董事director 任意公积金optional董事长president/chairmancapital system accumulation fund公司章程articles of 公司犯罪corporate crimeof the board8/ 10法律英语出票日date of draft/issue 海商法maritime law证券法securities law 发票地place of draft/issue 船舶国籍证书certificate of 证券发行issuance of 票据到期日bill to matureregistry; certificate of ship ’s securities 票据金额sum of bill nationality证券上市list securities; 票面价额face value 船棋国flag country票据出票人drawer 船舶所有权证书certificate float an issue证券交易所stock exchange 票据持票人bill holderof ship ownership证券商securities dealer 票据承兑人bill acceptor 船舶检验register of ship证券公司securities 票据行为act on 船舶保险insurance on hull 船舶保险单hull insurance company commercial paper证券承销商consortium of 承兑票据honor a billpolicy票据议付negotiation 船舶登记证书certificate of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting 拒付票据protest a billregistrycontract 票据付款人drawee 船舶丈量tonnage 证券经纪人securities 票据支付人payer onmeasurement of ships船舶进港费groundage broker commercial instrument披露制度disclosing system 票据收款人bill collector 船舶抵押ship mortgage交割日closing date 船舶租赁ship chartering票据背书人风险投资基金venture endorser/indorser of a bill 船舶转租ship被背书人endorseecapital fund subchartering上海证券交易所Shanghai 票据保证人bill guarantor船舶所有人责任限制票据被保证人billStock Exchange limitation of liabilities of 深圳证券交易所Shenzhenpledgee/warrantee ship ownersStock Exchange 再追索人renewed 船舶碰撞ship collision证券监督委员会securities 船舶遇难maritime distressrecourser前手remote holder 海上灾难perils of the sea supervision committee票据法law of negotiable 后手subsequent endorser 海上拖航marine towage票据权利right of bill 船舶扣押detention of ship instrument票据notes; bills; 票据期限term of bill; tenor 船舶债权ship’s credit票据债务人debtor of 船级社classification commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercialcommercial instrument society追索权right of recourse 船级证书certificate of class instrument远期票据time bill;; 票据抗辩exception to bill 海上留置权maritime lien long-dated bill 票据丧失loss of bill 船舶留置权maritime lien到期票据matured bill 票据时效prescription of 船舶抵押权maritime 即期票据sight bill exchanges mortgage记名票据bill payable to 票据贴现discount of bill 海上优先请求权priority再贴现rediscount of billorder; note to order claim to seagoing ships不记名票据bearer 恩惠期间term of 救助优先权priority claim instrument benevolence to salvage本票promissory note 票据代理agency for 共同海损优先权priority 支票chequenotes/bills/commercial claim to general average汇票bill of exchange 服务优先权priority claiminstruments发票日ticket dayto service9/ 10法律英语货物损害优先权prioritysea collision insurance医疗保险medical insurance claim to cargo damage 海事争议的审理传播抵押借款和货物抵押hearing/trial of maritime失业保险unemployment 借款优先权priority claim disputes insurance信用保险credit insurance to ship credit and goods 海事诉讼保全措施保证保险guaranty credit measures for maritime海运合同shipping contractattachment insurance提单bill of lading(B/L) 保险合同insurance contract海事优先请求权空舱费dead freight preferential right top 保险人insurer; underwriter 租船费charterage 被保险人the insuredmaritime claim租船合同charter-party 受益人benificiary海事请求保全申请书投保人applicant for contract of affreightment application/petition for期租船合同timemaritime attachment insurance;; policy holder charter-party; time CP 保险单insurance policy海事诉讼法律文书送达航次租船合同voyage 保险标的insurance objectservice of legal instruments保险费premium charter-party in maritime定期租船合同time 保险期限time limit ofaction/proceedingscharter-party insurance涉外海事诉讼管辖权光船租船合同bareboat jurisdiction of maritime 保险利益insurable interest 保险金额insurance; charter-party; bareboat CP action involving for elements包租运输合同shipping强制变卖被扣押船舶insurance compensation保险事故insurance charter-party compulsory realization of the海上旅客运输合同contractdistrained ship accidentfor carriage of passengers by 海事仲裁程序规则rules of 保险赔偿insurance sea maritime arbitration indemnity远洋拖带合同contract of 保险代理人insurance agentprocedure保险经纪人insurance ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of 保险法insurance lawbrokerport towage 自愿保险voluntary 索赔claim海难救助合同salvage 代位索赔claim byinsurance强制保险compulsorycontract subrogation海事报告master’s protest;; 理赔settlement of claiminsurance商业保险commercial 代位求偿权right of sea protest海事声明书sea protest insurance subrogation海事争议maritime dispute 财产保险property 委付abandonment海事法院maritime court;; insurance退保人身保险personaladmiralty court cancellation/discharging of 海事诉讼程序maritimeinsurance insurance人寿保险life insurance proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖健康保险health insurance权civil jurisdiction of sea 意外保险accidentcollision insurance船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖社会保险social insurance权criminal jurisdiction of 养老保险endowment10/ 10。

词汇总结老师分享版总结Unit 1—5mon law普通法2.equity law衡平法3.precedent 先例4.stare decisis 遵循先例原则5.res judicata一案不再审6.jurisdiction 管辖权,管辖区,司法区7.trial court 初审法院8.Court of Appeals, appellate court 上诉法院9.appellant/appellee, petitioner/respondent 上诉人/被上诉人,申诉人/被申诉人10.Supreme Court最高法院, SPS, SPP, Procuratorate Chief Justice检察院首席大法官11.court of last resort, first instance终审法院,初审12.court of general jurisdiction 普通管辖权法院13.circuit court巡回法院14.per curiam法官共同决议意见15.concurring opinion附随意见/并存意见16.dissenting opinion反对意见17.prosecutor procuratorate 公诉人/检察官检察院18.affirm, reverse, remand维持,撤销,发回重审19.reversal, overruling撤销判决,推翻判决20.en banc全院审判,集体听讼21.holding, dicta 判决,附带意见22.day in court 出庭应诉23.forum审判地24.venue审判地25.certiorari调卷令26.legal remedy relief 法律救济27.equitable remedy 衡平法上的救济28.injunction 禁制令29.the legislative立法机构, legislation立法legislature立法机关30.the judicial judiciary 司法,司法系统31.the executive行政, execute处死,执行execution死刑/enforcement执行, executor 遗嘱执行人administer 执行32.statute成文法statutory right 法定权利33.attorney, barrister/advocate, solicitor, trial advocacy, counsel 律师34.damages 损害赔偿金punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿金35.bench trial 法官审判,王座法庭无陪审团的法官审jury trial 陪审团审判36.civil action 民事诉讼tortious act侵权行为tort action侵权诉讼37.substantive law 实体法procedural law 程序法38.diversity of citizenship 州籍不同39.impeachment 弹劾40.separation of powers分权41.checks & balances 制衡42.due process of law 法律正当程序43.bill of rights 权利法案44.judicial interpretation/construction 司法解释construe解释literal文字的/liberal慷慨的45.veto power, right to vote否决权46.litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼litigator诉讼人47.infamous crime不名誉罪fraud欺诈perjury 伪证罪treason叛国罪perjure作伪证defraud 诈骗defrauded欺骗48.civil law system大陆法系49.amendment 修正案50.judicial review 司法审查51.Congress/Parliament,senate 国会/议会,参议院52.bring/file/institute/initiate/commence an action, suit, lawsuit, litigation, proceedings诉讼53.binding precedent 有拘束力的先例54.persuasive precedent 有说服力的先例55.Miranda Warnings米兰达警告45. misdemeanor 轻罪felony 重罪56.probation 缓刑probate 见证人,见证程序57.parole假释rceny theft 盗窃罪59.deceased 死者,被继承人decedent 死者60.mens rea 犯意61.actus reus犯罪行为62.causation因果关系, intervening factor 介入因素63.felony-murder rule重罪谋杀规则64.punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿65.civil wrong 民事违法criminal offense 刑事犯罪66.homicide 杀人罪67.justifiable homicide可证明为正当的杀人罪, excusable可原谅的68.murder谋杀/谋杀罪69.voluntary manslaughter故意杀人罪70.involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人罪71.Redress赔偿compensation 赔偿reimburse 偿还,赔偿72.Warrant逮捕令73.self-defense正当防卫74.liability 责任liable有责的75.probable cause 正当理由,合理根据76.death penalty死刑77.imprisonment, confinement, incarceration, detention监禁78.forfeiture 没收79.aggravating circumstances加重情节80.mitigating/extenuating circumstances减轻情节81.enter a guilty plea plead guilty 做出有罪答辩82.plea bargaining辩诉交易83.interstate commerce州际贸易84.drug trafficking贩毒counterfeit goods假冒商品85.illegitimate child私生子,非婚生子86.conviction 有罪裁决acquittal 无罪裁决87.inquisitorial system纠问制/ adversary对抗制/adversarial对抗制88.summons传票, subpoena传票, process传票,诉讼过程中的各种命令, citation罚单89.service of process 送达程序pulsory process强制到庭程序91.voir dire陪审团资格审查92.peremptory challenge无因回避93.challenge for cause有因回避94.jury charge/instruction 指示陪审团95.rebuttal evidence 反驳证据96.pretrial motions审前动议move步骤post-trial审判后动议97.discovery, disclosure证据开示98.cross-examination交叉询问99.motion for directed verdict申请驳回起诉的动议100.mistrial 无效判决101.hung jury/ deadlocked jury陪审团僵局102.hearsay 传闻证据103.jury deliberation 陪审团审议104.in personam/personal jurisdiction 属人管辖权105.in rem jurisdiction对物管辖权106.subject matter jurisdiction事务管辖权107.fact-finder事情调查者,检察员, trier 审判者108.objection反对, exception 异议,例外109.plaintiff, 原告defendant被告110.prosecution 控诉defense 辩解111.affirmative defense积极性抗辩112.statute of limitations 诉讼时效113.entrapment 陷阱114.alibi 不在场证据115.intoxication喝醉116.insanity精神失常117.indictment大陪审团起诉书/information 公诉书plaint 刑事控告书、自诉书119.accusatorial system诉讼程序120.criminal charge 刑事指控121.prima facie case 初步证明的案件122.bail保释,保证金123.arraignment 传讯124.privilege against self-incrimination不得自证其罪的权利125.double jeopardy clause双重追诉条款126.confrontation clause 质证条款,对质条款127.presumption of innocence无罪推定128.grand jury 大陪审团程序129.beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑130.by the preponderance of the evidence/ preponderant evidence优势证据131.balance of the probabilities可能性权衡132.burden of proof 举证责任133.standard of proof 证明标准134.criminal justice system 刑事司法体系135.burglary 盗窃罪136.statutory crime 法定犯罪rceny盗窃罪stolen goods 赃物138.injunctive relief 禁令救济,申请制止侵权的权利139.standing to sue原告资格140.discovery 证据开示141.long-arm statute长臂管辖法142.forum shopping挑选有管辖权的法院143.cause of action原告的起诉理由144.direct examination 直接询问145.jury verdict 陪审团裁决146.admit 供认admissible可接纳的inadmissible不可接纳的admissibility 证据的可采性147.applicable law 可适用的法律148.default judgment缺席判决149.judgment debtor 判决确定的债务人creditor 债权人150.rebuttal evidence反驳证据Unit 6wsuit诉讼2.substantive law/ procedural law实体法／程序法3.formality手续4.lease or deed of land土地租赁或转让契约5.administrative law行政法6.civil/criminal procedure民事／刑事程序7.conflicts of law法律冲突8.client 当事人9.emotional distress精神伤害10.breach of contract 违反合同约定11.file bankruptcy 申请破产12.invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私13.subject matter/personal jurisdiction诉讼标的／属人管辖权14.serve a summon 送达传票pliant/ answer 起诉书／答辩状16.default judgment 缺席审判17.demurrer抗辩18.affirmative defense积极的抗辩19.statute of limitation诉讼时效20.motion denied/granted 被否决的动议／被允许的动议21.negligent/ negligence过失形容词／过失名词22.inadmissible evidence不予采信的证据23.objection by defendant’s counsel被告律师的抗辩24.hearsay 传闻证据25.present evidence举证26.call witness传唤证人27.counsel for plaintiff原告律师28.burden of proof举证责任29.charge to the jury/ jury instruction 下指令给陪审团／陪审团发出的指令30.litigation 诉讼31.deliberation 陪审团审议32.general/special verdict 一般／特别的裁决33.reasonable person 有理性的人34.judgment non obstante verdicto 与陪审团相反的判决35.judgment for plaintiff原告胜诉的判决36.res judicata 已决案件37.execution of the jurgement判决的执行38.sheriff治安官39.proceeds收益40.insolvency 清偿41.pleading 诉讼请求42.brief诉讼要点43.transcript of the testimony 证词的记录44.court’s ruling法院的裁决Unit 8 Text B1.Drive-through 免下车的,可坐在汽车里购物的路边商店麦当劳得来速汽车餐厅pensatory and punitive damages3.Cause of action 诉讼理由；诉因指原告起诉时的根据;具体指原告起诉寻求司法救济所依据的事实,如侵权行为和损害后果等;4.Out-of-state 外州的5.Recuperate vt. 康复6.Out-of-pocket 自掏腰包的7.summary dismissal 拒绝立案8.deter 威慑9.runaway 逃跑者,漏网之鱼10.undisclosed a. 不公开的11.Fahrenheit 华氏温度180 degrees Fahrenheit=82.2 摄氏度160 degrees Fahrenheit=71.1摄氏度12.Styrofoam 泡沫塑料13.Proceed to trial 提起诉讼14.Proceeding n. 程序诉讼程序15.Procedure n. 指进行民事或刑事诉讼应遵守的司法规则、模式、步骤16.Defective product 缺陷产品17.Withstand scrutiny 经得起推敲18.Scrutiny 详细审查；周密调查Intervening causes介入因素All-or-nothing-at-all 全有或全无BlastKeep wild animals: Every dog is allowed his first bite. 初犯者从宽;As long as no harm occursPrivity n. 契约关系contractual relationshipAbsolute liability 绝对责任Agreement 协议AssumptionBasic assumption基础认知Egg-shell skull 可预见的伤害转化成不可预见的严重伤害Unit 9 Text A1.promise/ promisor/ promise 承诺／承诺人／受承诺人2.promissory obligation 约定义务3.quasi contract 准契约4.unjust enrichment 不当得利5.assignee受让人6.the third party beneficiary第三方受益人7.offer/counter offer/ offeror/ offeree要约／反要约/发要约人／受要约人8.acceptance 承诺9.bargain 讨价还价10.bilateral contract/ unilateral contract双务合同／单务合同11.irrevocable offer不可撤销的要约12.contract of adhesion 格式合同13.consideration 对价14.gratuitous promise单方获益的承诺15.enforceable contract可强制执行的合同16.estoppel禁止反言17.immunity 豁免权18.frustration/impossibility/ discharge of contract中止／不能履行／终止的合同19.binding agreement 有约束力的协议20.freedom of contract 缔约自由21.Statute of Frauds防止诈欺条例当事人拒绝履行契约的借口22.Express/implied 明示/默示offer 要约23.Express: explicitly stated24.Quasi-contract 准契约系欠缺构成要件的行为;基于衡平原则,当一方自他方取得利益致后者受损失则法律给予双方的行为具有准契约的效果,使前者必须就所得利益的价值给付后者;25.Unjustly enriched 不当得利的26.Foreseeable person27.Oxymoron 矛盾修辞法28.Inadequacy of consideration 约因的不足29.Minors/infants 未成年人30.V oid/voidable contract 无效/可撤销合同31.Mutual assent共同同意32.Rescind the contract 撤销契约33.Affirm/disaffirm 确认/否认34.Enforceable/unenforceable contract 违反法定要件缺强制力的合同Unit 9 Text B1.Enforcement 施行2.Plain meaning 字面含义3.Discourage 阻止,劝阻4.Penalize v. 对予以惩罚5.Deceptive 欺骗的6.Unforeseen 不可预见的7.Preference n. 偏爱优待8.Accommodate 适应9.Modification 修订plexity 复杂11.Subjectivity 主观12.Performance/fulfillment 履行成功地执行合同义务,即完全履行,通常可因此解除履行人的义务;13.Honor agreed-upon promise 依约履行协议14.Projected-loss of profits 预计损失的利润15.Aggrieved party 受害人16.Specific performance 实际履行17.Mutual mistake 双方错误指各方当事人对主要事实、合同用语或文书内容等有相同的误解18.Erroneous assumption 错误的假设19.Material to the contract 对合同有实质影响20.Duress 胁迫21.Undue influence 不当影响22.Material provision 实质条款23.Misrepresentation 虚假陈述Unit 12corporation 法人公司在法律上被认为是单一法律实体的、由个人组成的团体或某一职位的持有人; 为了与自然人natural person区别,法人又称为拟制人artificial person,法律上的人juristic person或团体人corporate person;incorporate v. 成立公司,设立公司intermediary 中间人a lawyer for the situation 情势律师capital structure of corporation 公司资本结构equity financing 股权融资debt financing 债券融资corporate financing 公司融资articles of incorporation 公司章程powers of corporation 公司权力ultra vires doctrine 越权原则serve v. 送达service of process 送达程序customize 定制,改制MBCA 美国标准公司法bylaws 内部章程细则voting by proxy 代理投票internal affairs doctrine 内部事务原则公司内部事务;公司内部事务是指公司内部,公司本身与其董事、股东、中小股东、高级管理人员相互之间的权利、义务关系;内部事务的范围相当广②,大体可分为不影响第三人权利的内部事务和影响第三人权利的内部事务;前者例如股东的累积投票权；后者如股东对公司债务的个人责任,是否揭开公司面纱,追究股东责任对公司债权人利益影响重大;公司内部事务适用其属人法,美国绝大多数州以公司注册成立地为其属人法,以注册成立地公司法调整内部事务关系;特拉华州现象;许多公司竞相选择特拉华州作为公司成立地,在内部事务上适用该州公司法,这被公司法及国际私法学者称为特拉华州现象;公司章程是规范公司与股东、董事之间,股东与股东,股东与董事之间关系的法律文件,公司章程是他们权利和义务的源泉之一;tangible evidence 实物证据real evidence: real thing 实物证据demonstrative evidence确证: tangible material used for explanatory or illustrative purposes onlyreversible error 可更改的错误。

法律渊源 source of law拟订法 statute判例法 case law; precedent 一般法 common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system ofAnglo -American law大陆法系 civil law system一般法 common law 大陆法 continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm严禁规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding------norm民法基来源则 fundamentalprinciples of civil law平等原则principle ofequality自发原则principle of freewill公平原则principle ofjustice等价有偿原则 principle ofequal value exchange诚实信誉原则principle ofgood faith行为act作为ac不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违纪行为 unlawful act民事权利权利能力civilright绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权antecedent right 救援权 right of relief支配权 right of dominion恳求权 right of claim物上恳求权right of claimfor real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claimingcancellation否认权right of claimingcancellation解除权right ofrenouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice认可权right of admission停止权right of termination抗辩权right of defenseright of defense永久性抗辩权 permanentcounter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstablecounter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defenseright of simultaneousperformance既得权tested right期望权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权non-exclusiveright人身权益 personal right人权 human right人品权 right of personality 生命健康权 right of life andhealth姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom声誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权 right ofprivacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权parental power;parental right家属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权利的保护 protection ofright公力救援 public protection私力救援 self -protection权益本位 standard of right社会本位standard ofsociety无责任行为irresponsibleright正当防卫justifiable right;ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conductingact紧迫避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self -help不行抗力 force majeure不测事件 accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为 civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完整行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictivecapacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人minor who iscapable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民citizen住处domicile住处residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individualbusiness农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财富property ofpartnership合伙债务debt ofpartnership入伙 join partnership退伙withdrawal frompartnership合伙公司partnershipbusiness establishment个人合伙 partnership法人合伙partnership oflegal person特别合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私营公司private enterprise;proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body ofenterprise企业集团group ofenterprise关系公司affiliate enterprise个人独资企业 individualbusiness establishment国有独资企业solelystate-owned enterprise中外合资公司Sino-foreignjoint venture enterprise中外合作公司 Sino-foreigncontractual enterprise社团法人legal body ofmass organization财团法人legal body offinancial group联营joint venture法人型联营association oflegal persons合伙型联营coordinatedmanagement in partnership协作型联营cooperation -type coordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行为 civil legalact单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act两方民事法律行为bilateralcivil legal act多方民事法律行为joint actcivil legal act有偿民事法律行为civillegal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为 civillegal act withoutconsideration; civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formalcivil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principalcivil legal act从民事法律行为accessorycivil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附限期民事法律行为civillegal act with term生前民事法律行为civillegal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤除民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺骗fraud威迫duress乘虚而入taking advantage of others ’precarious position以合法形式掩饰非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公正 obvious unjust误传 misrepresentation代理 agency自己principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent拜托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人 subagent再代理人 subagent转代理人 subagent代理权 right of agency受权行为act of authorization attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency bymandate本代理 original agency复代理 subagency次代理subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency byestoppel; apparent agency律师代理 agency by lawyer 一般代理 general agency 全权代理 general agency 全权代理委托书 generalpower of attorney共同代理 joint agency独家代理 sole agency居间 brokerage 居间人broker行纪 commission; brokerhouse信托trust时效time limit; prescription;limitation时效中断suspension ofprescription/limitation时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension oflimitation取得时效acquisitiveprescription时效终止lapse of time;termination of prescription期日date时期term涉外民事关系civilrelations with foreignelements矛盾规范rule of conflict准据法 applicable law;governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission辨别identification公共秩序保留reserve ofpublic order法律躲避 evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任civilliability/responsibility行政责任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach ofcontract; responsibility ofdefault有限责任 limited liability 无穷责任 unlimited liability按份责任shared/severalliability连带责任joint and severalliability过失责任liability fornegligence;negligentliability过失责任fault liability;liability for fault独自过失sole fault共同过失joint fault混淆过失mixed fault被害人过失 victim ’ s fault 第三人过失 third party ’ sfault推定过失 presumptive fault歹意 bad faith; malice故意 deliberate intention;intention; willfulness过失negligence重要过失 gross negligence 疏忽大意的过失 carelessand inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失 negligencewith undue assumption伤害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任肩负方式methods of bearing civil liability停止伤害cease the infringing act清除阻碍exclusion of hindrance;removal of obstacle除去危险elimination of danger返还财富restitution of property恢还原状restitution; restitution of original state补偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复声誉rehabilitate one ’s reputation赔罪致歉extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem 物权公示原则principal ofpublic summons of right inrem物权法jus rerem物 property生产资料 raw material forproduction生活资料means oflivelihood;means ofsubsistence流通物 res in commercium; athing in commerce限制流通物limitedmerchantable thing禁止流通物 res extracommercium; a thing out ofcommerce财富 asset固定财富 fixed asset流动资产 current asset;floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产 immovable; realestate特定物 res certae; a certainthing种类物genus; indefinitething可分物res divisibiles;divisible things不行分物 res indivisibiles;indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principalthing从物 res accessoria; anaccessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息 legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; vacantgoods; ownerless goods丢失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hiddenproperty钱币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类 classification ofright in rem/real right自物权 jus in re propria;right of full ownership所有权dominium;ownership; title所有权凭证document oftitle; title of ownership占有权 dominium utile;equitable ownership使用权right of use; right touse of收益权right to earnings;right to yields处罚权right of disposing;jus dispodendi善意占有possession ingood faith恶意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re aliena用益物权real right forusufruct使用权right to use; right ofuse土地使用权right to the useof land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权 managerial authority;power of management承包经营权right tocontracted management相邻权neighboring right;relatedright地上权superficies永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权 servitude; easement 人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保 security for thing 物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation;right tomortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人 mortgagor抵押权人 mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的序次sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation ofright to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权 lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien 质权 hypotheque; pledge;right of pledge佃权tenant right债权 jus in personam; right togive or procure; claim;creditor ’ s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人 counterpart; offeree给付 give; pay债务debt;liability;obligation债务的偿还 payment ofdebt债务的偿清 discharge ofdebt债务的担保 guarantee ofdebt债务的合并 consolidationof debt债务的给付日期debtmaturity债务的免去exemption ofdebt债的分类obligatio;obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntaryobligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternativeobligation主债prime/principalobligation从债 accessory obligation 单调之债 single obligation 按份之债 several obligation 连带之债 joint obligation 特定之债 certain obligation种类之债indefiniteobligation合同之债contractualobligation侵权行为之债tortobligation伤害补偿之债obligation ofcompensation for injury;obligation of damages人身伤害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage医药费hospital treatmentexpense医疗费 medical charge抚恤金 pension慰劳金 consolation money 产品瑕疵 defect of product 不妥得利 unjust enrichment 无因管理 voluntary service债的担保 guarantee ofobligation财产担保propertyguarantee信誉担保credit guarantee让与担保alienationguarantee保证guaranty明示保证 express guaranty默示保证 implied guaranty保证人 guarantor保证合同contract ofguaranty/suretyship保证金 guaranty bond;security deposit押金deposit; foregift预支款 advanced payment 定金 earnest money; deposit 违约金 liquidated damages 法定违约金 liquidateddamages by law约定违约金liquidateddamages by agreement债的履行performance ofobligation实质执行原则 doctrine ofspecific performance情事更改原则 doctrine of change of circumstances不妥执行misfeasance清账 discharge; satisfaction 提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property公民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人 copyright owner创作 creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权 right of personality of copyright发布权 right of publication 签字权 right of authorship;right of paternity改正权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity不行入侵权inviolability回收权 right of recall; right of retrieval自费第一版 publish a book at the author’ s own expense 著作财富权 property right in work使用利润分享权r ight toshare usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to getpayment重播权right ofrebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权 right ofmechanograph; right ofmechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboringright of copyright抄袭 plagiary; plagiarism盗版 pirate盗版 VCD pirated VCD假造 forge工业产权 industrialproperty专利权 patent right 优先权日 priority date申请在先原则priorapplication rule使用在先 priority of use新奇性 novelty创建性creativity适用性practicability发明创造invention andcreation适用新式utility model外观设计design; industrialdesign发明权 right of invention 发现权 right of discovery 专利申请patent application 专利异议 objection to apatent专利通告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee ofpatent专利许可协议patentlicensing agreement技术窍门 know -how专有技术know -how专利证书certificate ofpatent专利事务所 patent office专利代理 patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of thePeople ’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册 internationalregistration of trademark商品商标commoditytrademark服务商标service trademark著名商标reputed trademark广告商标 advertisementtrademark近似商标 similar trademark 商标评审委员会 tradereview and appraisal board商标审察trademarkexamination商标侵权trademarkinfringement商标明册registeredtrademark商标通告 trademark gazette注册商标使用允许licensing of registeredtrademark注册商标转让assignmentof registered trademark商标使用允许协议trademark licensingagreement商标事务所trademarkoffice商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance,adoption婚姻法marital law;marriage law承办婚姻arranged marriage 财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生儿女 only child 法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妇共同财富community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妇分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破碎incompatibility婚后财富公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生儿女 ligitimate child计划生育 birth control 成婚 marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶 spouse事实婚 de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权 visitation right同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage无效婚姻 void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement 一夫一妻制 monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural bloodrelation收养法adoption law收养协议adoptionagreement收养人adoptive parent送养人 person or institutionplacing out a child foradoption涉外收养adoption withforeign elements继承法 inheritance law; lawof succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestatesuccession遗赠继承succession bydevise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation;succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditarysuccession间接继承indirectsuccession转继承subsuccession共同继承 joint succession 独自继承 single succession 继承人 heir; successor第二次序继承人successorsecond in order第一次序继承人successorfirst in order继承参与人successionparticipant遗产 inheritance; heritage 遗产继承人 heir to property;inheritor遗嘱 last will and testament遗书 last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚育协议legacy-supportagreement会计法 accounting law 税法 tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti -unfaircompetition law消费者权益保护法consumer ’s interestprotection law产品责任法productionliability law花费者权益法consumerrights and interests law公司法company law;corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limitedliability company股份有限公司companylimited by shares无穷公司unlimitedcompany股份两合公司joint stocklimited liability partnership两合公司joint liabilitycompany控股公司 holding company公司公司 group company合资公司joint venturecompany联营公司associatedcompany; affiliated company国营公司state-owncompany国有公司state- ownedcompany民营公司civilian -runcompany本国公司national/domesticcompany外国公司 foreign company上市公司 listed company 母公司 parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company 召募建立incorporation by stock floatation倡始人floater; initiator公司名称name of company 公司住址domicile of company出资 contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成就出资investment in hi -tech achievements注册资本 registered capital 实缴资本 paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确立原则 doctrine of capital determination资本保持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association;articles ofincorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation;corporate registration公司存续existence ofcompany公司归并分立merger andsplit of company公司并购 corporate mergerand acquisition公司管理corporategovernance;companymanagement公司法律顾问corporatecounsel公司整顿companyrectification公司停业closure ofbusiness公司和解companycomposition公司解散companydissolution公司清算companyliquidation公司清理companywinding -up竞业禁止non-commpete;competition prohibition招股章程 prospectus股本 stock capital 股东 shareholder股东大会shareholders ’meeting股东大会决策 resolution ofshareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则rule ofprocedure of shareholders’meeting表决权 voting right; right tovote董事director董事长 president/chairmanof the board首席执行官chief executiveofficer(CEO)首席营运官chief operationofficer(COO)执行董事 executive director常务董事 managing director董事会 board of directors 董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system ofthe chief executive officerunder the leadership of theboard of directors经理独立负责制managerindependent responsibilitysystem监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股 share; stock一般股 common stock特别股 special stock资格股 qualification stock优先股 preferred stock 劣后股 inferior stock表决权股 stock with votingpower溢价股 premium stock 折价股 converting stock 国家股state-owned share集体股 collective share 法人股 corporate share公司股 enterprise share个人股 individual share股息 dividend红股 bonus stock;dividendstock法定公积金legalaccumulation fund资本公积金capitalaccumulation fund盈利公积金surplusaccumulation fund随意公积金optionalaccumulation fund公司犯法corporate crime证券法securities law证券刊行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange 证券商 securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker表露制度 disclosing system交割日 closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监察委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiableinstrument票据notes;bills; commercial instruments商业单据bill;commercialinstrument远期单据time bill;; long -dated bill到期单据 matured bill即期单据 sight bill记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order不记名单据bearer instrument本票 promissory note支票 cheque汇票 bill of exchange发票日 ticket day------出票日 date of draft/issue发票地 place of draft/issue单据到期日bill to mature单据金额 sum of bill票面价额 face value单据出票人drawer单据持票人bill holder单据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act oncommercial paper承兑单据 honor a bill单据议付 negotiation拒付单据 protest a bill单据付款人drawee单据支付人payer oncommercial instrument单据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人 endorsee单据保证人bill guarantor单据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee再追索人renewedrecourser前手 remote holder后手subsequent endorser单据权益right of bill单据限期term of bill; tenor单据债务人debtor ofcommercial instrument追索权 right of recourse单据抗辩 exception to bill单据丧失 loss of bill票据时效 prescription ofexchanges单据贴现 discount of bill再贴现 rediscount of bill恩泽时期term ofbenevolence单据代理agency fornotes/bills/commercialinstruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate ofregistry; certificate of ship ’snationality船棋国flag country船舶全部权证书certificateof ship ownership船舶查验 register of ship 船舶保险 insurance on hull 船舶保险单 hull insurancepolicy船舶登记证书certificate ofregistry船舶丈量tonnagemeasurement of ships船舶进港费 groundage船舶抵押 ship mortgage船舶租借 ship chartering船舶转租shipsubchartering船舶全部人责任限制limitation of liabilities ofship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶罹难 maritime distress海上灾害 perils of the sea海上拖航 marine towage 船舶扣押 detention of ship 船舶债权 ship’ s credit船级社classificationsociety船级证书certificate of class海上留置权 maritime lien船舶留置权 maritime lien船舶抵押权 maritimemortgage海上优先请求权 priorityclaim to seagoing ships救援优先权 priority claim tosalvage共同海损优先权priorityclaim to general average服务优先权priority claimto service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage流传抵押借钱和货物抵押借钱优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同 shipping contract提单 bill of lading(B/L)空舱费 dead freight租船费 charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party按期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上游客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事申明书 sea protest 海事争议 maritime dispute 海事法院 maritime court;;admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖------sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritimedisputes海事诉讼保全举措measures for maritimeattachment海事优先请求权preferential right topmaritime claim海事恳求保全申请书application/petition formaritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送到service of legal instrumentsin maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritimeaction involving for elements强迫变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of thedistrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules ofmaritime arbitrationprocedure保险法 insurance law自发保险voluntaryinsurance强迫保险compulsoryinsurance商业保险commercialinsurance财产保险propertyinsurance人身保险personalinsurance人寿保险 life insurance 健康保险 health insurance意外保险accidentinsurance社会保险 social insurance 养老保险 endowmentinsurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance信誉保险credit insurance保证保险guarantyinsurance保险合同 insurance contract保险人 insurer; underwriter 被保险人 the insured得益人benificiary投保人applicant forinsurance;; policy holder 保险单 insurance policy 保险标的 insurance object 保险费 premium保险期限time limit ofinsurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance;insurance compensation保险事故insuranceaccident保险补偿insuranceindemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurancebroker索赔 claim代位索赔claim bysubrogation理赔 settlement of claim代位求偿权right ofsubrogation委付 abandonment退保cancellation/discharging ofinsurance。

法律英语词汇表单词词性解释单元课文出现部分abandon v. 停止进行；终止：10 2 V abatement n. 废除，撤消废除或撤消的行为14 1 D abrogate v. 废止，结束8 3 V abuse n. 滥用; 妄用13 1 D accession n. 正式接受，正式加入 2 1 D accompany v. 同时发生9 1 D, V accrual n. 增加;增加的行为或过程；增长; 增加物增加或增长的东西14 1 D accrue v. 自然增长，自然产生因获得、附加或增加而成为一体; 增加，积累，产生作为增长的结果而增加、积累或产生7 2 Vaccusatory adj. 指控的，非难的, 责问的 1 1 D, V accuse v. 正式指控某一错误行径 5 2 D acquaint v. 使得知9 1 V acquittal n. 宣告无罪，无罪开释由陪审团或法官宣告被告没有所控罪行; 无罪被发现或证明无罪的状态7 2 Vact n. 法案，法令 2 1 V Act of Parliament n. 6 1 N ad hoc adj.&adv.特别的；特别地16 1 D, Vadditional a. 额外的；附加的 6 1 D adhere to v 遵守11 1 Dadjudication n. 判决; 裁定1 1 D, V adjustment n. 调整8 2 V administration n. 管理; 执行; 行政 1 1 D, V Administrative tribunal. 行政法庭12 1 D administrative law n. 行政法 2 2 V admonition n. 警告；训诫, 忠告 1 1 D, V adversary n. 对手9 1 D Adversary system 对抗式（或抗辩式）诉讼制度121 D, V advocacy n. 辩护9 1 D advocate n. 提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者13 1 V agency n. 代理处，代理，中介 1 1 D, V aggravate v. 加重；加剧；使恶化使变得更坏或更麻烦14 1 D aggressive adj. 雄心勃勃的；不怕反对的13 1 D aggrieve v. 使悲痛；折磨; 侵害使遭受伤害142 V agrarian adj. 土地的，耕地的 5 1 D agreement n. 协议15 1 D All ER n. 23 N allegation n.声明、断言、事实陈述7 1 D alleged adj. 声称的, 所谓的;被说成是事实但并未得到证实的；假定的7 2 V allegedly adv 3 3 N.alteration n. 更改 5 1 D alternative a. 另外的 6 1 D altruistic adj. 无私的，利他（主义）的13 1 D amalgamate v. 合并6 3 V ambit n. 范围16 1 D, V amend v. 修正，修改8 1 D amphetamine n. [药]安非他明7 3 V analogical adj. 类推的 3 1 V analogous adj. 相似的 2 1 D annual adj. 每年的，年度的，10 1 D anomalous adj. 不规则的, 反常的14 3 V anomaly n. 不规则, 异常的人或物14 2 V anticipate v. 期望；预料12 3 V antique adj.古董15 3 V &n.antiquity n. 古老 2 1 D antisocial反社会的 3 1 D adj.apartheid n. （南非）种族隔离 4 1 D, V apparent adj. 显然的 6 1 D appeal n. 上诉 2 3 V appeal v. 上诉8 2 V appellant n. 上诉人8 3 V appellate adj. 受理上诉的2 2 v appellee n. 被上诉人5 3 D applicant n. 申请者，请求者 2 3 V appoint v. 委任8 1 D apprehension n. 担心，忧虑对未来充满恐惧或焦虑,忧惧;7 2 V逮捕抓获或俘获的行为；逮捕; 了解把握或理解的能力；理解approach n. 方法；步骤13 1 V appropriation n. 据为己有，挪用 4 1 D, V approval n. 官方的批准；认可10 1 D arbiter n. 仲裁人8 2 V arbitration n. 仲裁9 1 D, V arbitration n. 仲裁15 1 D archivist n. 档案保管员8 3 V arraignment n 传讯刑事被告；提审11 2 V assault n. 攻击，人身攻击 4 1 D, V assent n. 同意15 1 D assert v. 断言, 声称7 1 V assessment n. 评估 5 3 D assignor n. 转让人一作出转让的人, 让与人, 让渡人,委托人14 2 V assumpsit n. 协定口头或书面未经盖印的协议或许诺,协定; 要14 1 N求赔偿损失的诉讼对违背这种协议而提出的强制实施或赔偿损失的法律行为attainment n. 达到，获得到达的行为或被得到的状况; 成就，7 1 V造诣，才能已经得到某物，如技艺或业绩Attorney-General n. 10 1 N attribute n. 品质、属性、特征内在的属性或特征 5 1 D attribute v. 归结于 4 1 D, V auspice n. 预兆161 D, V authority n. 能够执行法律、规章、命令、决定或判决的力量 52 D authorize v. 批准，授权 1 1 D, V autonomous adj. 自治的7 1D avail oneself ofv. 3 3 N sthavenge v. 报复，报仇 1 1 D, V averse adj. 不喜欢的，反对的12 2 V award v. 判给,因司法判决给予：7 3 V bailee n. 受托者15 2 Vbailment n. 寄托，委托15 2 V bailor n. 寄托人15 2 V Bar n.律师团，被看作是一个组织的律师；法律界7 1 V bar v. 禁止，下禁令8 3 V Bar Conference 7 1 N bench n. 法官席10 1 V biannual adj. 一年两次的6 2 V biased adj. 有偏见的10 3 V bill n. 议案2 1 V Bill of attainder n. 公权剥夺令（一种过时的合法惩罚某人的方法，8 3 V用此法时不审判，只通过一向项法律给该人定罪和定刑）binding adj. 有约束力的 2 1 D Blackstone 2 1 N bloc n. 集团, 10 2 V Bolshevik n. 布尔什维克 3 1 D n. 3 1 N BolshevikRevolution10 1 D borough n. 自治城镇，拥有市自治体或一定权利，如自治权的城镇n. 10 1 N Borough QuarterSessionBracton n. 2 1 N breach v.&违反15 1 D n.bribery n. 贿赂罪8 1 D brief v. 简要介绍9 1 D byword n. [人、地、物的]别名；代名词13 1 D cabinet n. 内阁6 1 V n. 3 2 N Canadian Charterof Rights andFreedomscandidate n. 候选人，10 1 D cannabis n. 大麻制品一种产生轻微快感、引起幻觉作用的毒7 3 V品，如印度大麻、大麻麻醉剂或大麻烟，皆从该植物不同部分提炼出来capacity n. 资格；容量4 1 D, V capital felony n 11 1 N capricious adj. 变幻无常的13 3 Ncase n. 案件，讼案 2 1 V case law n. 判例法 2 1 V Case stated 7 2 N categorize v. 归类 6 1 D Caveat emptor n. 购买者注意〈货物一经售出概不退换原则〉13 1 N censorship n. 3 3 N censure v. 指责严厉批评；责备; 公开谴责正式表示不赞成7 1 V certiorari n. 10 3 N Chancery Division n. 10 1 N charge n. 控诉 2 2 V charismatic adj. 有魄力的，有神授超凡能力的16 1 D, V chattel n. 动产,一件私人的、可移动的财产14 1 D Chose n. 动产一项个人财产；动产14 2 N circuit n. 巡回旅行，巡回地区8 2 V Circuit judge n. 10 1 N Civil law n. 罗马法系，大陆法系 3 1 V civil law n. 民法 2 2 V classical adj. 经典的 3 1 D clause n. 条款 6 1 V Closed shop n. 只雇用某一工会会员的工厂（或商店）7 1 D code n. 法典 2 2 V Code Napoleon n. 2 2 N Code of Justinian n. 3 1 N n. 3 1 N Code of the new German Empirecodify v. 编成法典，使法律成文化 2 2 V coercion n. 强迫，高压政治 1 1 D, V Coke Sir Edward 2 1 N collective adj. 集体的 5 2 D n. 集体所有 3 1 D collectiveownershipcollusion n. 勾结，共谋10 2 V combat v. 战斗，斗争12 1 V commence v. (会议)开始 6 1 V commentary n. 注释，解说词 2 1 D commerce clause n. 美国宪法商业条款13 1 N commission n. 犯罪行为14 1 D commission n. 佣金15 3 V Common law n. 英美法系3 1 V Common Law14 1 N Courts2 1 N Common lawsystemcompelling adj. 非常有说服力的 5 3 D compensate v 补偿；赔偿11 1 D complainant n. 原告 1 1 D, V complexity n. 复杂性15 2 V compliance n 服从，遵从12 1 V compliant adj. 愿意遵从的；服从的10 3 V compromise n. 折衷方案13 2 V. computation n. 计算，估计 2 1 Dconceal v. 隐瞒9 3 V conciliatory adj. 抚慰的, 调和的 1 1 D, V concurrently adv同时地；共存的11 1 D .condemnation n. 谴责, 指责, 定罪 1 1 D, V confidentiality n. 保密性8 3 V conformity n. 一致，符合 1 1 D, V Congress n. 美国国会6 2 V conjure v. 想象出；变戏法 1 1 D, V consensually adv在双方愿意下成立的 4 1 D, V .consensus n. 意见一致 3 1 V consent n. n.同意, 赞成, 10 1 V consideration n. 对价15 1 D consolidate v. 巩固 3 1 V Consolidatedn. 10 1 N Fundconspiracy n. 同谋，共谋两个或多个人之间进行犯罪或通过非14 1 V法行为实现一个合法目标的一种协定constable n 警察；警官；旧时英国京都或要塞的警官11 3 V constituent n. 选区居民 6 2 V constitution n. 宪法 6 1 V constitutional law n. 宪法 2 2 V constrain v. 制约；强制，强迫 1 1 D, V construction n.诠释对一个措辞或陈述所作出的阐明或解释7 3 V contemporary adj. 当前的6 1 D contend v. 主张，争辩3 1 V contend v. 主张，争论 1 1 D, V contention n. 论点论证中提出的主张10 3 V contingent adj. 随时可以发生的 4 1 D, V contract n. 合同2 2 V contractual adj. 合同的15 1 D contradictor n. 反驳者；相矛盾的人；抵触者14 3 V convention n. 常例，惯例10 1 D, V converge v. (趋于)相似或相同12 2 V conversion n. 侵权行为对他人财产的非法挪用; 财产转换从不14 1 V动产转换为动产或者反之conveyance n. 转让9 1 D convict v. 证明/宣告……有罪 4 1 D, V conviction n. 定罪，科刑12 1 D, V corollary n. .推论或结论 5 2 D corpus juris civilis n. 2 2 N correlative adj. 有关联的，相应的14 2V corrupt adj. 贪污的，堕落的10 3 V counterbalance v. 平衡10 1 D counter-offer n. 反提议，还价15 1 D County Court n. 10 1 N court n. 法庭 2 1 V courtn. 诉讼程序13 2 N proceedingsCourts of14 1 N Equitycrafty adj. 诡计多端的，狡猾的13 1 D creditor n. 债权人 1 1 D, V Crim 7 3 N criminal law n. 刑法 2 2 v critical adj. 关键性的;决定性的 6 1 D Crown Court n. 10 1 N Crown7 2 N ProsecutionServicecrystallization n. 结晶化 2 1 D curb v. 抑制，约束8 1 D custody n. 保管8 3 V custom n. 习惯，风俗 2 1 V customary adj. 习俗的，惯例的 2 1 V customary law n. 习惯法 3 1 D damages n. 赔偿金 2 3 V De facto adj.（拉丁语）事实上，尽管法律所有权不肯定8 1 D ,advdebtor n. 债务人1 1 D, V decedent n. 死者（律）12 3 V decentralize v. 使（政府或企业等）权力分散8 1 D deception n. 欺骗9 3 V decline v. .婉拒，谢绝10 3 V dedicate v. 用于某一特殊用途5 3 D defamation n. 诽谤 4 1 D, V defamatory adj. 破坏名誉的, 诽谤的7 2 V defamatory adj. 3 3 N defendant n. 被告15 3 V defendant n. 被告 2 3 V deficient adj. 缺乏；缺少12 3 V defined adj. 明确的，确定的1 1 D, V degenerate v 衰退，恶化12 2 V delegate v. 授（权），把…委托给别人 2 1 V deliberately adv 故意9 3 V deliberation n. 慎重考虑；故意 1 1 D, V demarca-n. 分界9 1 D tiondemocratically adv民主的 6 1 D .democrati-zation. 民主化9 2 Vndeny v. 拒绝给予或允许；拒绝：10 3 V deposition n. (经宣誓的)证词12 2 Vdepository n. 保管者，受托人8 3 V derive v. 来源于9 1 V destruction n. 破坏，毁灭12 3 Vdeteriorate v. 恶化15 1 V detrimental adj. 引起损害的；有害的7 1 D deviance n. 偏离，脱离正常的或社会常轨的行为 5 1 D deviant n. 离经叛道的; 偏离正轨的; 异常的 1 1 D, V dialectic n. 辩证法12 3 V dictate v. 命令，指示权威性指示；强制实行;7 1 V;控制，支配控制或指挥differentiate v. 区分在两事物间区分差别： 5 1 D differentiation n. 区别 4 1 D, V diffuse adj. 散射的，不集中的 4 1 D, V diminish v. 减少，缩小16 1 D, V directive n. 指示 2 1 D disbar v. 剥夺律师资格，逐出法庭16 1 D, V discharge v. 卸（货）；倒空（物品）7 3 V disclose v. 暴露 6 3 V discount v. 低估，贬低 2 1 D discretion n. 自行决断的自由 3 1 V discretionary adj 任意的 2 1 D Disjuncture n. 分离，分裂5 1 N disperse v. （使）分散；（使）散开8 1 D disposition n. 安排；布置；配置7 2 V disputed adj. 有争端的8 2 V dissemination n. 3 3 N dissent v. 不同意 2 3 V dissolve v. 废除，取消 5 1 N distinct adj. 截然不同的9 1 V distinction n. 区别 2 1 V distinguish v. 区分，辨别 6 1 D distinguishable adj. 可辩明的；区别的出的12 3 V ditch v. 使（飞行器）在海上紧急降落；迫降12 3 V divergence n. 分歧 4 1 D, V divine adj. 上帝或神的 3 1 V Divisional court n. 2 3 N doctrine n. 原理 2 1 D dominion n. 英联邦自治领12 1 D, V dubious adj. 引起怀疑的，可疑的13 1 D Dumfries 14 3 N n.10 2 N Duncan v.Louisianaduration n. 持续时间，期间10 1 V Easement 14 2 N eccentricadj. 古怪的，异常的,偏离公认的、常规的或既定的10 3 V EEC Treaty n. 2 3 N egalitarian adj. 平等主义的9 2 Vejectment n. 收回不动产之诉要求收回被他人控制的不动产的14 1 D诉讼emanate v. 从…散发出8 2 V embody v. 包含，具体表达，使具体化 1 1 D, V eminent adj. 杰出的，有名的 2 1 V empirical adj. 依据观察或实验得出的 5 3 D empower v. 授权，给予某人做某事的权力8 1 D En banc 8 2 V enact v. 颁布（法律） 1 1 D, V enactment n. 制定法律制定法律的行为 5 1 D encapsulate v. 用概括的话来表达，概述；封装16 1 D, V encroach v. 侵占 6 3 V enforce v. 强制；实施，执行 1 1 D, V enforceable adj. 可实行的15 1 D entail v. 引起，招致，使承担；蕴涵 1 1 D, V entrust v. 委托10 3 V enumerate v. 列举6 2 V equitable adj. 公正的平等的，公平的，不偏袒的14 1 V equity n. 平衡法 2 1 D erroneous n. 错误的,由错误得出 5 3 D espouse v 拥护；赞助；采取11 1 D essential adj. 必须的基本的或不可缺少的；绝对必要的 5 1 V establish v. 制定，规定 2 1 V ethical adj. 道德的12 1 D ethos n. 社会精神特质一种特定的人、民族、文化或社会7 1 D活动所特有的性情、气质、个性或基本的价值2 1 N EuropeanCommunityEuropean Court of2 1 N Justice2 1 N EuropeanEconomicCommunityevict v. 驱逐，收回1 1 D, V evidence n. 证据，证物2 2 V evolution n. 演变，发展13 1 V evolve v. 逐渐形成 3 1 V EWCA 7 3 N exclusive adj. 排除在外9 1 D, V的executive adj. 政府部门的, 属于或关于主管国家法律的执行和7 1 V管理的政府部门的exemplary adj. 警告性的,惩戒的; 典型的; 典范的作为例证的；14 1 D代表性的exhibit n. 证件，物证，证据12 2 V expiration n. 满期（结束）8 3 V explicit adj. 详尽的，清楚的15 3 V expressly adv明示地 6 1 V .expulsion n. 驱逐9 1 Vextensive adj. 广泛的 6 1 D fascist adj. 法西斯主义的，提倡或实行法西斯主义的10 2 V felony n 重罪11 1 D ferret v. 发现, 查获12 1 V firearm n. 火器, 轻武器7 2 V first instance n. 第一审, 初审7 2 V fixture n. 固定装置15 2 V FOB abb船上交货价格, 离岸价格7 3 V r.foregoing adj. 前述的 1 1 D, V forge v. 3 3 N fornication n 私通；密通11 1 D FOT abb[商](铁路)敞车上交货(价格) 7 3 V r.fraud n. 欺骗行为为弄到不公平或不合法的钱财而实行的14 1 V诈骗; 骗局一个圈套；一个诡计; 行骗的人；骗子freehold n. 财产的完全保有15 2 V Galloway 14 3 N gratuitous adj. 无条件的15 1 D grossn 11 1 N misdemeanorguesswork n. 猜测 6 3 V guilty adj. 犯罪，有罪 2 1 V Hadith n.3 1 N hallmark n. 特点，特征12 1 V hand down 7 3 N harass v. 使烦恼9 3 Vhaunt v. 萦绕心头；常去 1 1 D, V hearing n. 听讼 2 3 V hereinadv此中，于此 6 2 V .heritage n 遗产；继承物；传统11 1 D hierarchy n. 层次 2 1 D hold v. 裁定 2 3 V honorarium n. 酬金9 1 D hoodwink v 欺骗12 1 V hovering n. 横加干涉13 1 D ideal n. 理想,绝对完美事物5 2 D identical adj. 同一的 6 2 V ideological adj. 意识的，与意识形态有关的 4 1 D, V immemorial adj. 古老的，远古的 2 1 D immune adj. 豁免的，免除的；10 1 D immunity n. 豁免10 1 V impartial adj 公平的，公正的10 1 D, V impeach v. 控告，弹劾8 1 D imperative n. 命令;要求 6 1 D impetus n. 推动力；刺激 5 1 D, V implement v. 贯彻，实现，执行 1 1 D, V implementation n. 执行 2 1 D implicit adj. 暗示的 2 1 Dimplied adj. 默示的，隐含的15 3 V imprisonment n. 监禁9 3 V In personam 14 1 N in question adv3 3 N.In rem 14 1 N inapplicable adj. 不适用的7 1 V incapacitate v. 使无能为力，使不能胜任16 1 D, V incapacity n. 无力; 无能或能力不足；10 1 D incarceration n 监禁；禁闭11 1 D incontrovertibly adv3 3 N.incorporate v. 合并 4 1 D, V increasingly adv日愈，愈加 2 1 V .incur v. 招徕 6 1 D indictment 7 2 N indigenous adj. 10 2 N indispensable adj. 必不可少的，必需的12 2 V induce v. 劝诱，促使，导致 1 1 D, V inferior adj. 下级的，下属的,在等级、程度或官阶中低的或较10 1 D低的：inflict v. 使遭受 3 1 V infraction n. 违规，违法8 2 V infringe v.违反超越或超过限制；违犯14 1 V infuse v 充满；注入11 1 V inherent adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的7 1 V inherently adv 内在的；固有的；生来就有的11 1 D .initial adj. 开始的，与开始有关的，首先的 5 1 D initiate v. 开始展开最初的工作；开始; 7 2 V initiation n. 开始的动作或例子10 1 D initiative n. 立法提案权 2 1 D injunction n. 禁令8 3 V innocence n. 无辜,无罪10 2 V inquisitorial adj. 询问式11 2 V inquisitorial 纠问式（讯问式）诉讼制度12 1 D systeminroad n. 袭击一场恶意的侵略；一场袭击; 侵害进展，尤7 1 D指以别人的代价；侵犯。

法律英语词汇在与法律相关的领域中，熟练掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。

无论是在法律文件的撰写、法庭辩论还是与客户的沟通中，正确运用法律英语词汇都可以提升专业性和准确性。

下面将介绍一些常用的法律英语词汇及其用法。

一、合同 (Contract)合同是法律中最常用的文件，用于规定各方之间的权利和义务。

一个合同必须包含以下要素：Offer (提议)、Acceptance (接受)、Consideration (对价)、Intention to create legal relations (意图产生法律关系)以及Legality (合法性)。

当起草合同时，以下几个词汇是常用的：1. Party (当事人) - 指合同中的各方，可以是个人或组织。

2. Terms and Conditions (条款和条件) - 合同中规定的权利和义务。

3. Breach of Contract (违约) - 一方未能履行合同义务。

4. Termination (终止) - 双方协商或法定的方式下结束合同。

5. Force Majeure (不可抗力) - 无法预测和控制的情况下，免除合同责任。

二、诉讼 (Litigation)诉讼是司法系统处理法律争议的过程。

以下是一些在诉讼中常用的法律英语词汇：1. Plaintiff (原告) - 提起诉讼的一方。

2. Defendant (被告) - 受诉方。

3. Evidence (证据) - 在法庭上证明主张的材料。

4. Witness (证人) - 为案件提供证词的人。

5. Judgment (判决) - 法官作出的最终决定。

三、知识产权 (Intellectual Property)知识产权涉及到版权、商标和专利等方面的法律保护。

在处理这些法律问题时，以下词汇是常见的：1. Copyright (版权) - 通过创作来保护作品的权利。

2. Trademark (商标) - 用于标识和区分商品或服务来源的标志。

上面两个例子你能明白其意思吗？特别是能理解其中的两个动词Mirandize 和Shepardize吗？如果不能，就来看看下面的背景知识：一．Mirandize 一九六三年，一个有前科的中学生，名叫埃内斯托·米兰达(Ernesto Miranda)，因涉嫌强奸和绑架妇女在亚利桑那州被捕，警官随即对他进行了审问。

在审讯前，警官没有告诉米兰达有权保持沉默，有权不自认其罪。

经过连续两小时的审讯，米兰达承认了罪行，并在供词上签了字。

后来在法庭上，检察官向陪审团出示了米兰达的供词，作为指控他犯罪的重要证据。

米兰达的律师则坚持认为，根据宪法美国宪法第五修正案，米兰达供词是无效的。

最后，陪审团判决米兰达有罪，法官判米兰达二十年有期徒刑。

此案后来上诉到美国最高法院。

一九六六年，最高法院以五比四一票之差裁决地方法院的审判无效，理由是警官在审问前，没有预先告诉米兰达应享有的宪法权利。

最高法院在裁决中向警方重申了审讯嫌犯的规则：第一，预先告诉嫌犯有权保持沉默。

第二，预先告诉嫌犯，他们的供词可能用来起诉和审判他们。

第三，告诉嫌犯有权请律师在受审时到场。

第四，告诉嫌犯，如果请不起律师，法庭将免费为其指派一位律师。

这些规则后来被称为"米兰达忠告"(Miranda Warnings).所以，由人名Miranda演变而来的动词Mirandize的真正含义是“宣读米兰达忠告”。

上文的the cops Mirandize you即可译为“警察向你宣读米兰达忠告”附相关英文资料:Miranda Warnings1. You have the right to remain silent.2. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.3. You have the right to have an attorney present before any questioning.4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning.二.Shepardize 美国有五十个州，州与州之间的法律体系都不尽相同，由此产生的案例也浩如烟海，故法官，律师，学者在援引法律或案例时都伤透了脑筋，直到一八七三年,有个叫弗兰克.谢巴德(Frank Shepard)的人，为美国法学界发明一种援引（注释）的方法，即著名的谢巴德援引法（Shepard's Citations），这种方法是将所有公开发表的法律数据收集起来并做好索引，这样，法律工作者就能很容易地提取并援引自己想要的法律信息，如下面两个例子就是采用的谢巴德援引法：1.Greer v. Northwestern National Insurance Co., 109 Wash.2d 191,743 P.2d 1244 (1987) ,这是案例援引，即指Greer诉Northwestern National Insurance Co.案在下面两个地方可以找到:Washington Reports第109卷第2系列第191页；或West'sPacific Reporter第743卷第2系列第1244页，因为给出了两个地址，这种援引又叫平行援引(parallel citations)p. Laws S 208.23 (1995),这是法律援引，即该法律在1995年密歇根州法律汇编中可以找到。