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2025届四川省成都市成都七中高三考前热身英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.A．to whom B．to whichC．which D．whom2．—How long do you think it will be________the Stock Market returns to normal?—At least one year, I guess.A．when B．before C．until D．that3．— Are you still thinking about the email Tony sent you yesterday？— Oh，to tell the truth,that’s makes me feel excited.A．What B．how C．that D．why4．Mark drives his car too fast and, what’s more, very carelessly,worries his mother.A asA．what B．it C．which5．You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.A．until B．unlessC．as D．after6．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.A．One B．No one C．Everyone D．Someone ^ *7．That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds ________; it has raised a thought provoking question, though.A．artificial B．arbitrary C．allergic D．reluctant8．On the bus I saw a student I believed was your brother.A．who B．whomC．which D．whoever9．_______ many Chinese holidays are directed towards services remembering ancestors, the Ching Ming Festival is beyond doubt the largest.A．Unless B．SinceC．Once D．While10．Taking online reading into consideration, we can challenge the assumption ____ reading for pleasure continues to decrease.A．whether B．that C．where D．when11．Both men have been _______to life imprisonment because of robbery.A．choked B．condemnedC．consisted D．convinced12．It was considerate _____ you not to play the piano while I was asleep.A．of B．for C．to D．from13．Criticized as online games are, they never fail to ______ a large number of teenagers．A．appeal to B．object to C．refer to D．turn to14．As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _____A．anxiously B．occasionallyC．practically D．urgently15．We strongly advise you ______ eating your meal so late. It’s not healthy.A．on B．against C．from D．over16．According to the local law, no one ______ enter the building site without permission.A．can B．mustC．shall D．dare17．The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.A．had known B．knewC．have known D．know18．Anna was in Inner Mongolia for two years, ____ as a volunteer teacher.A．having worked B．working C．worked D．to work19．I was ill that day, otherwise I _______the sports meet.A．took part in B．would have taken part inC．had taken part in D．would take part in20．Don’t take it seriously，Alice．I wasn’t making _____ fun of you —it’s nothing but _____ joke．A．/; the B．the; theC．the; a D．/; a第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ASTM F1427-21是美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的一项标准，标题为“Standard Guide for Measuring and Assessing Performance of Plastics Pipe, Fittings, and Fluid Handling Equipment for Use in Critical Service.”该标准提供了评估塑料管道、配件和流体处理设备在关键服务中性能的测量和评估指南。
该标准共分为三个部分：第一部分：测量方法ASTM F1427-21的第一部分提供了用于评估塑料管道和配件性能的测量方法。
这些测量方法包括压力测试、尺寸测量、耐寒性测试、耐热性测试、耐化学性测试等。
这些测试旨在评估塑料管道和配件在不同环境下的性能表现，以确保它们能够在关键服务中正常运行。
第二部分：评估准则ASTM F1427-21的第二部分提供了评估塑料管道和配件性能的评估准则。
这些准则基于第一部分中描述的测量方法，并规定了每个测试方法的合格标准。
这些合格标准包括压力测试中的爆破压力要求、尺寸测量中的允许误差范围、耐寒性测试中的低温弯曲测试要求、耐热性测试中的热变形测试要求、耐化学性测试中的化学腐蚀测试要求等。
第三部分：应用指南ASTM F1427-21的第三部分提供了将第二部分中的评估准则应用于实际生产过程的指南。
该部分提供了如何根据第二部分中的合格标准来评估塑料管道和配件的性能，以及如何记录和报告测试结果的指南。
此外，该部分还提供了关于如何使用第一部分中描述的测量方法和第二部分中规定的合格标准的指南。
总之，ASTM F1427-21标准为评估塑料管道、配件和流体处理设备在关键服务中的性能提供了全面的测量和评估指南。
该标准的第一部分提供了测量方法，第二部分提供了评估准则，第三部分提供了应用指南。
这些内容共同构成了评估塑料管道和配件性能的标准体系，以确保它们能够在关键服务中正常运行并达到预期的性能表现。
ISO9001 Quality Manual (English Version)1. IntroductionThe ISO9001 Quality Manual serves as a primary document that outlines the quality management system (QMS) followed by the organization. It provides guidelines and procedures for achieving and mntning the desired quality standards set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This manual acts as a reference document for employees, customers, audit teams, and other stakeholders to ensure consistent adherence to quality processes.2. ScopeThe scope of this QMS covers all aspects of the organization’s activities, including design, development, production, and service delivery. It includes all departments, functions, and levels within theorganization, ensuring that quality is consistently mntned across the company.3. Document ControlThe organization is committed to mntning an efficient document control system to ensure the validity, accessibility, and integrity of all quality-related documents. This system includes procedures for document creation, revision, approval, distribution, and archival. This document control system ensures that the most current version of relevant documents is readily avlable to all employees.4. Quality PolicyThe organization’s quality policy reflects its commitment to deliver products and services that meet or exceed customer expectations. The quality policy statement emphasizes the organization’s dedication to continuous improvement and compliance with all applicable legal andregulatory requirements. The policy acts as a framework for establishing and reviewing quality objectives to drive long-term success.5. Organizational StructureThe organization is structured in a way that supports effective quality management. Clear lines of responsibility and authority are defined to ensure accountability at all levels. The organizational structure fosters collaboration, communication, and coordination among departments to achieve quality objectives.6. Risk ManagementThe organization recognizes the importance of identifying, assessing, and managing risks that could impact the quality of its products and services. A systematic approach is adopted to analyze potential risks, develop mitigation strategies, and monitor risk levels to proactively address any potential quality issues.7. Resource ManagementThe organization ensures that adequate resources, both human and physical, are allocated to support the implementation and mntenance of the QMS. This includes trning employees to improve their knowledge and skills, providing necessary infrastructure and equipment, and fostering a favorable work environment that promotes quality.8. Product RealizationThe organization follows a well-defined process to ensure consistent quality during the realization of its products and services. This process includes product design, development, sourcing of materials, production, testing, and delivery. Regular quality checks and audits are conducted at each stage to ensure conformity to specifications and standards.9. Measurement, Analysis, and ImprovementThe organization emphasizes the importance of measuring and analyzing performance to drive continuous improvement. Keyperformance indicators (KPIs) are established and monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the QMS. Non-conformities and customer feedback are analyzed to identify areas of improvement and implement corrective actions to enhance quality.10. Internal AuditsRegular internal audits are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the QMS and ensure compliance with ISO9001 standards. Trned auditors review processes, procedures, and records to identify any gaps or non-compliance. Audit findings are documented, and appropriate corrective actions are initiated to address any identified issues.11. Management ReviewTop management conducts regular management reviews to evaluate the performance of the QMS. These reviews provide an opportunity to assess the suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness of the QMS, as well as to identify opportunities for improvement. Management reviewmeetings play a crucial role in decision-making and setting future quality objectives.12. Continual ImprovementThe organization is committed to continually improving its QMS to enhance customer satisfaction and meet evolving market demands. Lessons learned from internal audits, customer feedback, and performance analysis are used to identify areas for improvement. Process enhancements, employee trning, and innovation are encouraged to ensure the organization remns at the forefront of quality management.ConclusionThis ISO9001 Quality Manual outlines the organization’s commitment to quality and provides a comprehensive guide for implementing and mntning a robust QMS. The document emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement, risk management, andresource allocation to achieve the desired quality standards. By adhering to the principles outlined in this manual, the organization can consistently deliver products and services that meet customer expectations and drive long-term success.Note: This ISO9001 Quality Manual is not intended to be a standalone document. It should be used in conjunction with other relevant procedures and work instructions to ensure the effective implementation of the QMS.。
讨论管理制度英语Management systems are essential components of any organization, as they provide the structure and processes necessary for effective and efficient operation. These systems are designed to streamline workflows, improve communication, and ensure that resources are allocated in the most effective manner. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of management systems, their key elements, and the benefits they provide to organizations.Key Elements of Management SystemsThere are several key elements that are commonly found in management systems. These elements include:1. Leadership and Communication: Effective management systems require strong leadership and clear communication. Leaders must be able to articulate the organization's goals and objectives, as well as provide guidance and support to employees.2. Planning: Planning is a critical element of management systems, as it involves setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing action plans. Effective planning ensures that resources are allocated in the most effective manner and that the organization is able to respond to changes in the business environment.3. Organizational Structure: A clear and well-defined organizational structure is essential for effective management systems. This structure includes clearly defined roles and responsibilities, as well as mechanisms for decision-making, communication, and coordination.4. Performance Measurement: Effective management systems include mechanisms for measuring and evaluating performance. This may include the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), balanced scorecards, and other tools for assessing the organization's progress towards its goals.5. Continuous Improvement: Management systems should support a culture of continuous improvement, in which the organization is constantly seeking to improve its processes, products, and services. This may involve the use of tools such as Six Sigma, Lean management, or total quality management.Benefits of Management SystemsEffective management systems provide several key benefits to organizations, including:1. Improved Efficiency: Management systems help organizations to streamline their workflows and eliminate waste. This can lead to improvements in productivity, cost savings, and increased profitability.2. Enhanced Communication: Clear communication is essential for the success of any organization. Management systems provide mechanisms for effective communication, including regular meetings, reports, and other tools for sharing information.3. Better Decision Making: Management systems provide leaders with the information and tools they need to make better decisions. This may include access to relevant data, trend analysis, and other tools for evaluating the organization's performance.4. Greater Transparency: Management systems provide mechanisms for tracking and reporting on the organization's performance. This can enhance transparency and accountability, and help to build trust with stakeholders.5. Improved Employee Morale: A well-designed management system can help to create a positive work environment, in which employees feel valued and supported. This can lead to improvements in employee morale, satisfaction, and retention.Challenges of Implementing Management SystemsWhile management systems provide several key benefits to organizations, they also present several challenges. Some of the most common challenges include:1. Resistance to Change: Implementing a new management system often requires changes to existing processes, procedures, and organizational culture. This can lead to resistance from employees, who may be reluctant to embrace new ways of working.2. Resource Constraints: Implementing a management system requires time, money, and other resources. Many organizations may struggle to find the necessary resources to support the implementation process.3. Complexity: Management systems can be complex, requiring careful planning, coordination, and execution. This complexity can make it difficult to effectively implement and maintain these systems.4. Lack of Leadership Support: Effective implementation of a management system requires strong leadership support. If leaders are not fully committed to the process, it can be difficult to achieve buy-in from employees and other stakeholders.5. Measurement and Evaluation: It can be challenging to develop effective measures for evaluating the success of a management system. This can make it difficult to determine whether the system is achieving the desired results.Tips for Implementing Effective Management SystemsDespite the challenges, there are several key tips that organizations can follow to successfully implement effective management systems. These tips include:1. Establish Clear Goals: Before implementing a management system, it is essential to establish clear goals and objectives. These goals should be aligned with the organization's strategic vision and should provide a clear roadmap for the implementation process.2. Secure Leadership Buy-In: Effective implementation of a management system requires strong leadership support. Leaders should be actively involved in the process, providing guidance, resources, and commitment to the initiative.3. Involve Employees: Employees are often the best source of knowledge and expertise when it comes to developing and implementing a management system. Involving employees in the process can help to generate buy-in and support for the initiative.4. Start Small: Implementing a management system can be a daunting task, particularly for larger organizations. It can be helpful to start small, by implementing the system in a specific department or area of the organization before rolling it out more broadly.5. Monitor and Adjust: Once a management system has been implemented, it is essential to monitor its performance and make adjustments as needed. This may involve collecting and analyzing data, seeking feedback from employees, and making changes to the system as necessary.ConclusionManagement systems are essential components of any organization, providing the structure and processes necessary for effective and efficient operation. While implementing a management system can be challenging, the benefits they provide - including improved efficiency, enhanced communication, better decision-making, and greater transparency - make the effort worthwhile. By following these tips for effective implementation, organizations can successfully implement and maintain management systems that drive their success.。
Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist t he temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mo uth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child gr ows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。
enf环保检测标准-回复the importance and process of environmental testing standardsIntroduction:Environmental testing standards play a crucial role in evaluating the impact of human activities on the environment and ensuring the well-being of ecosystems. These standards provide a framework for assessing the quality of air, water, and soil, determining the presence of pollutants, and setting limits to protect both human health and the environment. In this article, we will delve into the significance of environmental testing standards and explore the step-by-step process involved in their development and implementation.Why are Environmental Testing Standards Important?Environmental testing standards serve as guidelines for measuring and assessing environmental quality. They offer a standardized approach that helps to ensure consistency and accuracy in testing procedures and results. Here are some key reasons why these standards are important:1. Protecting human health: Environmental testing standards enable the identification and measurement of contaminants that could pose risks to human health. By identifying and monitoring pollutants, regulators can set limits that protect individuals, communities, and future generations from harmful exposure.2. Safeguarding the environment: Environmental testing standards help to measure the impact of various human activities on the environment, such as industrial processes or waste disposal. Effective testing can help prevent pollution and ensure that ecosystems, including plant and animal life, are preserved.3. Establishing legal compliance: Many countries have laws and regulations in place to protect the environment. Environmental testing standards provide a basis for measuring compliance with these regulations, and they help to prevent and detect violations that may result in legal consequences.4. Supporting informed decision-making: Environmental testing standards provide reliable data for policymakers, scientists, and organizations to make informed decisions. These decisions mayinvolve policy development, resource allocation, or remediation efforts to address environmental issues effectively.The Process of Developing Environmental Testing Standards:1. Identification of needs: The development of environmental testing standards typically begins with the identification of a specific need, such as monitoring a specific pollutant or evaluating the impact of a particular industrial activity. Stakeholders, including government agencies, research institutions, and industry representatives, collaborate to identify the purpose and scope of the standard.2. Literature review: Extensive research is conducted to review relevant scientific literature, existing testing methods, and regulatory requirements. This helps to identify gaps in knowledge and determine the best approaches for achieving accurate and reliable results.3. Method selection: Based on the literature review, a suitable method for testing is selected. This involves considering factors such as sensitivity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, andpracticality. The method chosen should be robust and capable of detecting pollutants at concentrations that are relevant to the environment and human health.4. Method validation: To ensure the reliability of the selected testing method, validation studies are conducted. This involves conducting experiments using known standards and known concentrations of pollutants to assess the accuracy and precision of the method. The method is optimized and modified as necessary to meet the required performance criteria.5. Standard development: Once the testing method has been validated, it is documented in the form of a standard. The standard includes detailed instructions for sample collection, preparation, analysis, and quality control. It also includes information on performance criteria, reference materials, and reporting formats. The standard is reviewed and revised by experts in the field to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness.6. Implementation and dissemination: After the standard is finalized, it is implemented by regulatory bodies, testing laboratories, and other relevant stakeholders. Training programsmay be conducted to ensure that the standard is properly used and followed. The standard is widely disseminated through various channels, such as publications, conferences, and online platforms, to facilitate its adoption and understanding.Conclusion:Environmental testing standards are vital tools for assessing and monitoring the quality of our environment. They safeguard human health, protect ecosystems, ensure legal compliance, and support informed decision-making. The step-by-step process involved in their development and implementation ensures consistency, accuracy, and reliability in environmental testing. By adhering to these standards, we can better understand the impact of human activities on the environment and take effective measures to address environmental challenges.。
1.Evaluating and assessing are essential processes in making informed decisions.评估和评价是做出明智决策的基本过程。
2.The ability to accurately evaluate a situation can significantly impact the outcome of any project.准确评估情况的能力可以显著影响任何项目的结果。
3.In order to make a fair assessment,one must consider all relevant factors and perspectives.为了做出公正的评价，必须考虑所有相关因素和视角。
4.Regular evaluations can help identify areas for improvement and enhance overall performance.定期评估可以帮助识别改进领域并提高整体表现。
5.An unbiased evaluation is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the assessment process.无偏见的评价对于保持评估过程的完整性至关重要。
6.The process of evaluation involves a systematic analysis of data to draw meaningful conclusions.评价过程涉及对数据的系统分析，以得出有意义的结论。
7.Effective assessment strategies can lead to better decisionmaking and more efficient resource allocation.有效的评估策略可以带来更好的决策制定和更高效的资源分配。
定量评估英文Quantitative EvaluationQuantitative evaluation refers to the process of measuring and assessing performance or outcomes using numerical data and statistical analysis. This method provides a quantitative measure of the extent to which goals or objectives have been achieved. In the case of evaluating English language proficiency, quantitative evaluation can be used to determine a learner's level of proficiency, track progress over time, and compare performance against established standards or benchmarks.One commonly used quantitative evaluation tool for English language proficiency is a standardized test such as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or IELTS (International English Language Testing System). These tests provide a numerical score that represents an individual's level of proficiency in various language skills, such as listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The scores can then be compared to predefined criteria to determine whether a learner is at a beginner, intermediate, or advanced level.Another quantitative evaluation method is the use of proficiency scales or rubrics. Proficiency scales provide a detailed description of the skills and abilities expected at each level of proficiency, and learners can be assessed based on their performance against these criteria. For example, a speaking rubric might include criteria such as pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, and grammar. Each criterion can be assigned a numerical score, and the total score can then be used to determine a learner's level of proficiency.Quantitative evaluation can also be conducted by analyzing learner performance on various language tasks or activities. For example, a teacher might assign a writing task and assess the writing samples using a scoring rubric. The rubric might assign scores for organization, coherence, grammar, and vocabulary. By assigning numerical scores to each criterion, the teacher can provide quantitative feedback on the learner's performance and track progress over time.In addition to standardized tests, proficiency scales, and performance assessments, learner feedback and surveys can also be used for quantitative evaluation. Learners can be asked to rate their own proficiency level or provide feedback on their perceived improvement over time. This data can be analyzed quantitatively to determine trends and patterns in learner performance. Quantitative evaluation provides a systematic and standardized way of measuring English language proficiency. It allows for comparison across different populations or individuals and enables the tracking of progress over time. However, it is important to recognize that quantitative data alone may not provide a complete picture of language proficiency. Qualitative methods, such as observations, interviews, and portfolios, should be used in conjunction with quantitative evaluation to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a learner's language abilities.。
借贷会计英语作文Title: Accounting for Loans。
Loans play a pivotal role in the financial ecosystem, serving as a means for businesses and individuals to access capital for various purposes. Understanding the accounting treatment of loans is essential for financial professionals to accurately reflect the financial position and performance of an entity. In this essay, we will delve into the principles and practices of loan accounting.Firstly, it's crucial to recognize that loans are financial assets that generate interest income for the lender. From an accounting perspective, loans are initially recorded at their fair value, which typically equals the amount of cash disbursed. Subsequently, loans are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. This method entails recognizing interest income over time based on the carrying amount of the loan and the effective interest rate, which is the rate that exactly discountsestimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial asset.The effective interest rate method ensures thatinterest income is recognized in a manner that reflects the economic substance of the transaction, spreading the total interest income over the life of the loan based on the carrying amount outstanding. This approach is consistent with the accrual basis of accounting, which aims to match revenues and expenses with the periods in which they are incurred, rather than when cash is received or paid.Moreover, loans are subject to impairment considerations under accounting standards. Impairment occurs when there is a significant deterioration in the credit quality of the borrower, leading to uncertainty regarding the collection of future cash flows. To address this, financial institutions and other entities holding loans are required to assess the need for impairment losses on a periodic basis.The impairment assessment involves comparing thecarrying amount of the loan with the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the loan. If the present valueof cash flows is lower than the carrying amount of the loan, an impairment loss is recognized, reducing the carrying amount of the loan to its recoverable amount. This impairment loss reflects the decrease in the loan's value due to credit deterioration and is recognized as an expense in the income statement.It's important to note that loans can be classifiedinto different categories based on their characteristicsand management's intentions. For example, loans may be categorized as held for trading, held to maturity, or available for sale. Each classification entails different accounting treatments and measurement principles, depending on the entity's business model and investment strategy.In conclusion, accounting for loans involves recording, measuring, and assessing the financial impact of lending activities on an entity's financial statements. Theeffective interest rate method ensures that interest incomeis recognized over time in a manner that reflects the economic substance of the transaction, while impairment considerations address the uncertainty associated with collecting future cash flows. By adhering to accounting standards and principles, financial professionals can provide stakeholders with transparent and reliable information regarding the entity's loan portfolio and financial performance.。
评估指南中关于评价的内容英文回答：Evaluation guidelines provide a framework for assessing and measuring the effectiveness and quality of something, such as a product, service, or performance. These guidelines typically outline the criteria and standardsthat should be used to evaluate the subject.In the context of evaluating content, such as articles or essays, the evaluation guidelines may include the following aspects:1. Clarity and coherence: The content should be clear and well-structured, with a logical flow of ideas. This means that the writer should effectively communicate their message and ensure that the reader can easily follow the main points.For example, in an essay evaluating a movie, theguidelines may expect the writer to present a clear thesis statement and provide supporting evidence in a coherent manner.2. Accuracy and reliability: The content should be accurate and reliable, based on credible sources andfactual information. This means that the writer shouldavoid making false claims or presenting biased opinions without proper evidence.For instance, in evaluating a scientific research paper, the guidelines may require the writer to assess theaccuracy of the data and the reliability of the sources cited.3. Relevance and significance: The content should be relevant to the topic or subject being evaluated and demonstrate its significance. This means that the writer should address the main points and provide relevant examples or evidence to support their evaluation.For example, in evaluating a book, the guidelines mayexpect the writer to analyze the relevance of the themes and characters to the overall message of the story.4. Language and style: The content should be well-written, with appropriate language and style for the intended audience. This means that the writer should use proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to effectively convey their evaluation.For instance, in evaluating a restaurant, the guidelines may require the writer to use descriptive language and engaging style to describe the ambiance, service, and food.中文回答：评估指南提供了评估和衡量某物的有效性和质量的框架，例如产品、服务或表演。
