阅读理解测试题型分析(6)

阅读理解主要测试题型分析根据大纲要求，大学英语（B）要求：考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。

并且能够：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推测生词词义；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；并且理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

取材：故事、人物、科普、社会、文化文体：记叙文、描述文、说明文、应用文、议论文题型分析：1．主旨大意题a.The best title for this passage is_______.b.The main idea of the passage is________.c.The passage is mainly about/ concerned with ________.d.The author mainly discusses________.e.The title that best expresses the main idea is _________.f.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________.g.What is the main topic of the passage?h.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?i.Which sentence best summarizes the article?2. 具体细节题具体事实：a. What do we know about…?b. Why is ….?c. How many … in this article?d. In what year…?e. According to the passage, who…?f. According to the author, the techniques can be used to ________.列举题：a. Which of the following statements is (not) true?b. The author mentions all of the items listed below except…事例a. What does the example…tell us?b. The story/example of… demonstrates ________.3. 词汇题a. Which is the possible meaning of the word : “…” in line…?b. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to…?c. In line…, the word “this/that, these/those/it/them” stand for….4. 推断，预测和引申题a. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.b. The next paragraph would most probably deal with _____.c. The paragraph preceding this one may discuss _________.d. Which of the following can be inferred from the article?5. 作者态度题a. Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?b. The author’s attitude towards … might be best summarized as…c. What is the tone of the author …?解题策略掌握了这些基本题型之后，则需明确各个题型的解题策略：1．主旨大意题：对于一般的阅读理解文章来说，主旨多在文章的首尾段，文章的主旨所在位置以出现的频率为准，如下：a.第一段的最后一句话；b.最后一段（开头、结尾均可，要注意辨别，表明观点、态度等的则是主旨）c.第二段的第一句（个别情况下第二句）d.各段的第一句话相加之后的意思。

一、内容：首段和尾段：点明主旨、升华主题、画龙点睛、表达了作者的思想感情等作用。

字面义和象征义：结合语境具体分析，表现人物思想性格，点明全文思想意义。

二、结构：在文章开头：（1）总提、总领全文、开启下文（引出下文）等作用在文章中间：（1）承接上文（2）开启下文（引出下文）（3）承上启下（过渡）（4）为后文作铺垫；标志思路、为下文作铺垫、埋下伏笔等作用在文章结尾：总结上文、全文、照应开头、独立成段，使文章戛然而止，意味绵长，发人深思、卒章点题，意味深长等作用。

三、表达效果：升华中心、渲染气氛、烘托心情等作用。

四、写作手法：开篇点题、为后文设伏笔、作铺垫、深化中心、点明主旨、衬托、渲染、呼应、照应、对比、象征、先抑后扬。

常见写作方法、表现手法：联想、想像、象征（托物言志）、比较、对比、衬托、反衬、烘托、以小见大、借景抒情（情景交融）、伏笔和铺垫、前后照应（呼应）、直接（间接）描写、扬抑（欲扬先抑、欲抑先扬）。

主要几种：1、象征（托物言志）：通过咏物来抒情，常常借助于某些具体植物、动物、物品等的一些特性，委婉曲折地将作者的感情表达出来。

它把抽象的事理表现为具体的可感知的形象，使文章更含蓄，运用眼前之物，寄托深远之意。

2、衬托：以他体从正面、反面两个角度陪衬本体。

突出本体的特征。

3、对比：把两种相反的事物或一种事物相对立的两个方面作比较。

鲜明的突出了主要事物或事物的主要方面特征。

4、借景抒情：通过描写具体生动的自然景象或生活场景，表达作者某种真挚的思想感情。

做到情景交融，使文章充满诗情画意。

5、先抑后扬：先否定或贬低事物形象，再深入挖掘事物特点及内在意义，再对事物予以肯定、褒扬。

突出强调了事物（人物）的特征。

6、侧面（间接）描写：侧面烘托出该人物的性格、品行和技能，使得文章结构更加集中紧凑，表达更为简洁精练。

直接和间接描写方法结合运用，可以使被描写的人物或景物的特点更加鲜明、突出。

7、伏笔和铺垫：内容前后照应，情节严丝合缝。

阅读理解题题型分析及解题技巧1．主旨题：考查的内容主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等。

1) 常见的提问方式有：（1） What is the general/ main idea of the passage?（2） The main theme of the passage is .（3） The passage is mainly about .（4） The first paragraph tells us that .（5） Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?（6） Which of the following expresses the main idea?（7） What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?（8） What is the author’s main point?2) 解题技巧：主旨题要求考生跨越文字本身，从整体上把握文章的结构形式和作者的推理过程。

阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这就要求考生必须熟悉这两种文体的结构特点。

这两种文体的结构特点可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。

掌握这一结构，就可以迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络。

要想确定文章的主题思想，最容易且行之有效的方法就是找出文章的主题句。

主题句在文章中的位置主要有四种情况：（1）段首：大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句，所以要认真阅读段首句。

（2）段尾：有的文章主题句出现在结尾。

文章以列举事实开头，通过论证得出结论。

（3）段首段尾：更多的文章是开头提出问题，点明主旨，通过议论，最后重述文章的主旨，使得文章主题清楚、明确，更具说服力。

（4）中间：有些文章为了引人入胜，开头部分常会有个轻松、诙谐的引子，然后在中间部分提出自己的观点，接着再议论，最后得出结论。

阅读理解题型分析1. 阅读理解题型的特点（1）所选材料来源与实际生活，而且使用语言地道。

（2）体裁常见的有记叙文，说明文；议论文和应用文等。

（3）题材广泛包括了政治、经济、文化、科普、人物、故事、社会现象、地理风情，新闻报道等内容。

（4）阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1）、叙述文叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。

但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。

所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。

这类文章的基本结构模式是：①一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历（话题）②叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现③叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现④做出总结或结论2）、说明文（描述文）说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）--------- 发现直接原因 -- 分析深层原因 ---- 得出结论或找到出路。

知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。

比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。

3）、议论文我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张--- 反主张模式。

在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。

议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。

只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案，基本上不存在任何困难。

2. 题型2.1 细节判断题以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点，考查学生对细节的理解。

很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子，但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。

做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差别，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。

备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)第六期专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies tousing it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.1．What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound?A．To help him fight boredom.B．To develop his creative ability.C．To make his drug more powerful.D．To aid the process of his experiments.2．What can we learn about Temple’s system?A．Its effect remains to be seen.B．It failed to work as expected.C．It is too complicated to operate.D．It has produced satisfying results.3．Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it?A．To get rid of public fear of the virus.B．To show h1s talent in producing music.C．To facilitate people’s understanding of science.D．To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.4．What does the text mainly talk about?A．Why scientists are turning molecules into music.B．How scientists help the public understand science.C．Why music can be the best way to present science.D．How music helps scientists conduct their research.（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness,fluency and comprehension, worked best.Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.5．What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms?A．It is ill reputed.B．It is mostly misapplied.C．It is totally ignored.D．It is seemingly contradictory.6．What has America been witnessing?A．A burning passion for improving teaching methods.B．A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.C．An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.D．A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.7．What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”?A．Tolerant.B．Enthusiastic.C．Unclear.D．Disapproving.8．According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success?A．Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.B．Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.C．Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.D．Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.（2024·江苏泰州·一模）A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve asthe satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.9．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The appearance of artificial satellites.B．The components of artificial satellites.C．The basic function of artificial satellites.D．The specific mission of artificial satellites.10．What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?A．Providing electrical power.B．Recording changes observed.C．Monitoring space environment.D．Processing information received.11．How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?A．By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.B．By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.C．By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.D．By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.12．Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?A．They are more affected by earth’s gravity.B．They take advantage of rockets more effectively.C．They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.D．They are equipped with more advanced instruments.（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell thatcontains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.13．Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system?A．Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.B．Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.C．The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.D．It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.14．What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2?A．The cell protecting your body from viruses.B．The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.C．The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.D．The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.15．How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses?A．They strengthen the body’s immune system.B．They battle against weakened or dead viruses.C．They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.D．They expose the body to viruses during flu season.16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．Antibodies Save Our Health.B．Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.C．Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around.D．Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid? While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.17．Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”?A．To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.B．To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.C．To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.D．To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.18．Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3?A．Easily harmed by.B．Highly sensitive to.C．Deeply critical to.D．Closely followed by.19．What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions?A．Their judgments about reward and punishment.B．Their preference for the colors of flower disks.C．Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.D．Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.20．What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us?A．The power of bee brains is underestimated.B．Biology can inspire future AI.C．Autonomous machines are changing nature.D．AI should be far more efficient.（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to? If so, you are not alone.FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities? Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life? Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter? They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.21．What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to?A．Harm to one’s feeling of self-value.B．A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.C．Damage to one’s work productivity.D．Less likelihood of professional success.22．What does the author suggest in the third paragraph?A．The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.B．Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.C．People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.D．Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.23．Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph?A．To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.B．To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.C．To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.D．To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.24．Which is the best title for the text?A．Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B．FOMO: what it is and how to overcome itC．How FOMO is changing human relationships D．We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”（23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own?The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it isyet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.25．What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1?A．as poor as.B．as good as.C．worse than.D．better than.26．Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago?A．Its system design and fields needed to be updated.B．It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.C．It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.D．It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.27．What does Paragraph 4 centre on?A．The US sanctions.B．Critical components.C．Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices.D．Progress in Mate 60 Pro.28．What is the text mainly about?A．Huawei faced with significant challengesB．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphoneC．Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthroughD．Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment（23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末）Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have anyeffect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.29．What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text?A．They can improve eyesight.B．They may not reduce eyestrain.C．They can promote eye health.D．They can help to cure eye diseases.30．What can we infer from paragraph 2?A．A great many professors were involved in the study.B．Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.C．The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.D．Data from previous trials help the study a lot.31．What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3?A．Denies.B．Opposes.C．Strengthens.D．Evaluates.32．What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie?A．Wear blue-light-filtering glasses.B．Have an examination in the hospital.C．Stop staring at the screen for ever.D．Focus on the frequency of phone usage.（2024·江苏连云港·一模）Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongsrequire daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.33．According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.A．warn other birds of risks B．produce more songsC．perform perfectly in singing D．defend their territory34．What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．Prepares.B．Stimulates.C．Forbids.D．Frightens.35．What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment?A．They lost the ability to sing.B．They strengthened their muscles.C．Their songs showed no difference.D．Their songs became less appealing.36．What may Iris Adam agree with?A．The songbirds live on music.B．The songbirds are born singers.C．Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.D．Practice makes birds perfect singers.（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末）Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an。

【英语】小升初英语阅读理解含答案【解析】一、阅读理解1．阅读理解阅读理解Georgeis a little monkey. He lives in a forest(森林). Helikes jumping and climbing trees. He is happy every day. But he has a shortcoming.He is too curious. One day an old man goes by the forest. He carries a lot of strawhats(草帽). George sees the man, and the man sees George,too. The man says to himself, “What a lovely monkey! I will catch him. I will takehim home. The man sits down and thinks over(考虑). Georgesees and also sits down. The man has an idea. He puts a hat on his head, and putsother hats on the ground. Then he pretends (假装)to sleep.George is curious and looks at the hats. “I will be nice if I put a hat on my head,”George thinks. Then he climbs down from the tree, picks up a hat and puts it on.The hat is too big, and covers George's eyes.Georgecan't see. And the man gets up at once, runs out and catches him quickly. Poor George!（1）George is a happy monkey in a forest.（2）An old man goes by the forest with many strawberries.（3）The old man likes George, so he wants to catchhim.（4）Poor George is caught because he is too old.（5）The word “shortcoming” means “缺点”.【答案】（1）1（2）0（3）1（4）0（5）1【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了一只猴子和一个老人之间的故事。

三年级阅读理解质量分析三年级阅读理解质量分析一、整体状况分析本次语文期末测试，从整体看凸显课改精神，以学生为主体，题型以开放为主。

就内容看，主要测试一至八单元课文中要求识记的字词及语文园地中浮现的句子，这样既符合学生的心理特点，又能激发学生答题兴趣，充满了吸引力。

题型结构合理，难易恰当，既能检查学生对字词把握的状况，又能拉开分数。

二、内容及考核目的分析这次三年级语文期末试卷题型有看拼音，写词语给多音字组词查字典词语连线填合适的量词给给加点字选择正确意思连词成句展示台'等。

其题型较新颖，能贴进学生生活，覆盖面较广，既考查了学生对字、词、句的积累、理解、运用的状况，又检测了学生阅读和写作的能力，表达了《语文课程标准》的精神和要求。

三、考试结果及分析(一)总体状况分析本次测验，既考查了学生的基础学问和基本技能，又兼顾了过程与方法，表达价值观与情感看法。

从整体看学生发挥的还比较理想。

(二)具体状况分析一、基础学问1、答题分析第一题：看拼音写词语。

这一题比较会写错的字的是：仿蓝嘱咐。

其主要原由：一是读不懂拼音;二是读了前一个子，跟着顺;三是能拼准拼音，但是由于寻常练得不够扎实，所以写错。

第二题：多音字。

这一题有比较多的学生把单'这个多音字组错词了，其主要原由是，在课文中没有学过单'的音，只是在基础训练上浮现过。

第三题：查字典。

这一题的错别字较多原由是同学们对音序这个概念把握不牢。

第七题：给带点字选择正确解释。

这一题也就是一字多义现象，寻常学生接触较少，导致答题时慌乱，不能很好的联系句子选择词语的意思。

第十题：改写句子。

期中仿写句子，同学们没有看清题目，做的不够好。

2、错误分析1、写错别字的问题比较严重，每一道题都有错别字浮现。

在今后的教学中，应当把所教的字放在肯定的语言环境中，教给学生识字、记字的方法和规律。

把字词放在语境中去认读、去理解，把字词句有机结合起来，采用多种好玩的教学手段，激发学生主动识字、认字的兴趣，并且鼓励学生在习作、日记中运用学过的生字词。

2023年新高考英语二轮拔高班复习资料阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（六）姓名：班级：学校：错题号：（2022·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Public toilets around the globe have a reputation for being dark, dirty and dangerous. Tokyo recently unveiled new restrooms in two public parks that aim to address those concerns. For one thing, they are brightly lit and colorful. For another, they are transparent. This way, those who need to go can check out the cleanliness and safety of the toilets without having to walk inside or touch a thing.Japan has long experimented with toilets, resulting in lids that open, and close automatically and seats that warm up. But the new toilets—designed by Shigeru Ban, the Pritzker Prize-winning architect—are made out of a “smart glass.”The toilets were installed in Tokyo in September. Set up in front of a cluster of trees in the Shibuya District, the toilets stand out like a Mondrian painting.When occupied and locked properly, the colored glass toilets become frosted (磨砂的) and opaque (not transparent). When the door is unlocked, an electric current rearranges the crystals in the glass to allow more light to pass through, creating a transparent effect. The toilets were presented as another futuristic and aesthetically (美学地) pleasing example of the country’s technological advancements.The predecessor to Tokyo’s transparent toilets appeared in Switzerland in 2002, when designer Olivier Rambert unveiled two glass restrooms in the city of Lausanne. They had a safety feature that automatically opened the doors and turned the glass transparent if sensors detected no motion for 10 minutes. That could possibly help users who fall unconscious and need medical attention.1．What’s the purpose of the design of new restrooms?A．To make the parks tourist attractions.B．To settle the problems with public toilets.C．To maintain the standards of public toilets.D．To achieve a breakthrough in toilet construction.2．How does the “smart glass”function?A．By cutting off electricity. B．By giving off colorful light.C．By sensing the health of people. D．By changing the order of crystals.3．What can we learn about the transparent toilets?A．They cause the concerns about privacy.B．They are decorated with artists’paintings.C．They are pioneered by Japanese architects.D．They combine technological and artistic elements.4．Which can best describe the safety feature of glass restrooms in Switzerland?A．Conventional. B．Humanized.C．Simplified. D．Recreational.（2023·重庆·统考模拟预测）The human brain is a complex organ. It stores everything we go through, from our life experiences to our skills, our preferences, all thethings that form our personality and our existence are stored in our brains alone as memories. With age, this complex structure often begins to deteriorate. The memories become harder to recall, we start forgetting things and our brain functions become weaker and slower with each passing day.Dementia and Alzheimer’s are mental disorders that can lead to many painful experiences. More so when you see your own friends or family members suffer from it. But there are some who do not let even such problems bring them down. Paul Harvey, an 81-year-old orchestra conductor, is one such person. Last September, Harvey’s son Nick recorded a video of his father playing one of his compositions on the piano and posted it on Twitter. He suffers from Dementia too and wanted to show the world tat even this mental disorder could not take music away from his father. The old man gained appreciation and love from millions of people on the internet.Paul went against the diagnosis and proved that music truly does reach places even words or actions cannot. He put his music out in the world in the form of a single recorded by the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra. The funds raised by selling the records of this single will be going to the Alzheimer’s Society and Music for Dementia. The campaign is to make music available for free to patients who suffer from conditions like Alzheimer’s and Dementia.To mark the day since his video went viral. he was also invited to conduct the BBC Philharmonic orchestra and given a chance to play two of his compositions at their studio, located in Salford. It is truly a heart-warming story.5．What does the underlined word “deteriorate”in Paragraph 1 mean?A．Become worse. B．Develop slowly. C．Break down completely. D．Improve quickly. 6．How did people react to the video?A．They appreciated it. B．They felt greatly upset.C．They didn’t care much. D．They misunderstood him.7．What does Harvey’s story mainly show?A．It shows that music can solve any medical problem.B．It shows that disease cannot defeat everyone.C．It shows that a kid can help a badly-ill father.D．It shows that love of internet can never be changed.8．Why is Harvey’s story a heart-warming story?A．Because Harvey’s disease can be dealt with in time.B．Because Harvey is recovering from a terrible illness.C．Because others can help Harvey get rid of his disease.D．Because others can offer good opportunities to Harvey.（2022·广东·惠州一中校联考模拟预测）The world’s biggest electric vehicle —a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper —may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.London-based Anglo American is developing the beast of a machine —it weighs 290 tons —as part of its sustainable mining vision. The conceptual work is done, but U.K-based Williams Advanced Engineering will bring the truck to life. The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’industrial applications,”Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.While the eDumper —a mining truck used to move stones from the sides of mountains in Switzerland —relies entirely on pure electricity and pure physics for power, the Anglo American truck will use both a lithium-ion battery and a hydrogen fuel cell (电池) module. Altogether, the new truck will have over 1,000 Kilowatt hours of energy storage. Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas, nuclear power, or renewable windand solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.There’s also a third type of power that comes into play with the Anglo American truck: kinetic (动力的) energy created through the process of regenerative braking (再生制动系统). When an electric vehicle —be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper —rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.After Anglo American finishes test trials with the truck, the firm will conduct studies to understand how the truck’s power units can be used to provide energy storage in other applications.9．What can be known about “the eDumper”?A．It weighs more than 290 tons.B．It is powered by hydrogen fuel.C．It will no longer be the largest electric truck.D．It will discourage buyers for being expensive.10．What can be inferred from Craig Wilson’s words?A．Battery technology is the key to updating vehicles.B．Battery technology is the basis of manufacturing trucks.C．The development of the lithium-ion battery is limited.D．The future of the lithium-ion battery is promising.11．What is the benefit of adopting hydrogen fuel cells?A．It can save a lot of money.B．Vehicles become more eco-friendly.C．It has no environmental impact at all.D．Vehicles no longer need to be recharged.12．According to paragraph 5, which of the following can be a feature of regenerative braking?A．Autonomous braking. B．Energy transformation.C．Simple operation. D．zero-carbon emission.（2022·广东深圳·深圳中学校考模拟预测）“I feel unlikable, lonely and hopeless，”said Lisa, a bright teenager from a loving home. “It seems that nobody wants to become my friend. What's wrong with me？”Like Lisa, many of us experience loneliness. The truth is that all people, no matter what their age or character —even the most outgoing, wealthy and popular —experience loneliness at least sometimes. It's healthy and natural to want to be around people who care. After all, we've all heard “No man is an island.”That's true. We all need others in our lives.Solomon, the wisest man who ever lived, explains that if we want friends, we must be friendly and reach out to others. But it has risk. Because we are often afraid of rejection (拒绝), many of us are unwilling to reach out to others. We take a safer way and wait for others to make friends with us. But if we want friends, we've got to get beyond this.If making friends is your goal as well, you need to consider taking some measures (措施).Be willing to take the initiative (主动权). If you see someone whom you would like to know, don't wait for her to make the first move. Get close to her and begin a conversation. Lether know in a non­aggressive (无攻击性的) way that you are interested in being friends with her.Reach out to those who are lonely. When you see someone at school sitting alone, go over and talk to her. And don't let popularity decide whom you reach out to. You'll often be surprised at the beautiful qualities behind a shy appearance.Ask questions. Start your first conversation by asking this possible friend what she likes to do or asking about her family. Be sure to ask questions that cannot be replied with “yes”or “no”. For example, don't ask “Do you have a dog？”Instead, say “So, tell me about your pets.”Avoiding asking “yes”or “no”questions makes your possible friend not end your communication with a one­word answer.13．Why does the author begin the text with Lisa's worry?A．To set a sad tone.B．To share Lisa's pain.C．To introduce the topic.D．To teach readers a lesson.14．What can be a risk caused by reaching out to others according to the passage?A．Being refused by others.B．Putting ourselves in danger.C．Being treated in a rude way.D．Losing interest in communicating.15．What can we know from Paragraph 5?A．Shy people are hard to talk to.B．Popular people are often easy­going.C．Just waiting for chances will waste our time.D．A proper manner is important in making friends.16．Why does the author suggest not asking “yes”or “no”questions?A．It is considered unfriendly.B．It will leave a bad first impression.C．It shows the poor quality of the speaker.D．It isn't good for keeping a conversation going.（2022·江苏南通·江苏省如东高级中学校考模拟预测）Heat, cold and touch are crucial for experiencing the world around us and for our own survival. But how our bodies actually do it had been one of the great mysteries (神秘) of biology. Scientists who discovered how our bodies feel the warmth of the sun or the hug of a loved one have won the Nobel Prize.David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian, from the US, share the 2021 prize in Medicine or Physiology for their work on sensing touch and temperature. They explored how our bodies convert physical sensations into electrical messages in the nervous system. Their findings could lead to new ways of treating pain.Thomas Perlman, from the Nobel Prize Committee, said: “It was a very important and profound discovery.”Prof David Julius’s breakthrough, at the University of Calfornia, San Francisco, came from investigating the burning pain we feel from eating a hot chilli pepper (辣椒) . He experimented with the source of a chilli’s heat and discovered the specific type of receptor (感觉器官) that responded to it. Further tests showed the receptor was responding to heat and kicked in at “painful“temperatures. This is what happens, forexample，if you you’re your hand on a cup of coffee.This led to a senses of other temperature sensors being discovered. Prof Julius and Prof Ardem Palapoutian found one that could detect cold. Meanwhile, Prof Patapoutian, working at the Scrips Research institute, was also analyzing cells in a dish. Those experiments led to the discovery of a different type of receptor that a was activated (激活)in response to mechanical force or touch. When you walk along a beach and feel the sand under your feet-it is these receptors that are sending signals to the brain.The first heat sensor is also involved’in lasting pain and how our body regulates its core temperature. The touch receptor has multiple roles, from urinating to blood pressure. The Prize Committee said their work had “allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses (刺激) that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world around us.17．What made David and Ardem win the Nobel Prize?A．Mysterious experiences B．Biological discoveries.C．Exploration of sun heat. D．Survival in high temperature.18．What does the underlined word “convert”in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Translate. B．Persuade.C．Change. D．Lead.19．Which contributed to the discovery of different temperature sensors?A．Burning hands on a coffee cup. B．The chilli pepper experiment.C．Raising painful temperatures. D．The analysis of cells in a dish.20．What could the discovery be applied to?A．Testing blood pressure. B．Promoting beach tourism. C．Perceiving coffee color. D．Treating some diseases. 参考答案1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．D 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D。

部编小学六年级阅读理解专项训练(含答案)一、语文课内外阅读理解1．阅读下文，回答问题。

晶莹的雨雨，晶莹的雨，又细又密，从灰蒙蒙的天空中飘落下来。

河面腾起了迷迷蒙蒙的烟雾，田野披上了轻薄柔软的纱衣。

明明穿着雨衣，一步一滑，走在泥泞的乡村小路上。

他睁大眼睛，四处环顾，四处寻觅——他精心喂养的春蚕已经脱了四次外衣，再过两天就要“上”吐丝了，可是就在这节骨眼上没了桑叶。

看着那些心爱的蚕宝宝饿得直伸脖子，他怎么能不焦急呢？啊，桑叶，你躲在哪里？躲在哪里？忽然，他看见有个小小的身影在朝远处的竹林飞快地跑。

桑树！明明看见了，竹林里真的藏着一棵桑树。

明明也拼命跑起来。

几乎是同时，他们两个来到了这棵桑树下。

树上________还有桑叶，________已经稀稀拉拉没有几片了。

明明不由分说，“哧”的一声爬上了树。

““喂，这棵桑树是我先看见的。

”明明低头一看，是个女孩子。

她脸上蒸腾着热气，头发上、睫毛上挂满了水珠，脚上、雨衣上沾满了泥浆，手里拿着一根竹竿，一端系着小刀——显然，她不会爬树。

明明继续往上爬。

他一手攀着树枝，一手飞快地采着，采满一把就塞进书包……无意中明明又往下一看，只见女孩子仍然呆呆地站在那儿。

这是一种怎样的目光啊！眼里噙着泪水，满是委屈，满是忧伤。

许久许久，女孩子才转过身，低头蹒跚地走了。

明明的喉咙里像梗住了东西，心里默默地思索：“她________没有养蚕，不需要桑叶，________不会这样难过。

她刚才跑得多快啊，可是现在……”明明似乎感到了她急促的喘息，听到了她低声的抽泣，看到了晶莹的泪珠从她眼眶里“扑簌簌”地滚下来。

明明拍着脑袋责怪自己：“老师怎么说的？我们养蚕要学蚕，要为别人着想！”明明觉得自己的心像刀割一样作痛。

“等一等！”明明飞快地从树上滑下来。

转眼间，他已经来到了女孩子面前：“对不起！是你先看到的，这些桑叶全归你！”女孩子看着明明捧过来的桑叶，有点诧异。

明明急忙说：“你一定很需要它。

”“你也很需要。