2012年暑假初二英语第十二讲
[语法梳理]情态动词modal verb
7A Unit Can you play the guitar? 8A Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
8A Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
（一）情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。（二）情态动词的特点： 1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动
词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。（三）情态动词的分类和意义。
（四）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
The temperature can fall to–60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3）表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
* 在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如：
Yes, please./ Certainly./ Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not s ure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn’t talk to her like that.你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）
2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won’t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won’t you drink some more coffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
The door won’t open.这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
6. should
1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn’t waste any time.你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.would
1）表意愿。
I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn’t have anything against it.他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。
You needn’t telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。
She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I’m unfair?你竟敢说我不公平？
2.用作实义动词
You don’t need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。
The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
（I dare say…为固定习语）
* 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。
It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
He can’t be telling the truth.他说的不可能是真话。
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak.她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。（三）几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was/were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
2. must和have to (时态上的差异) must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。
I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。
情态动词巩固练习
1. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't
B. Might...might not
C. Could...can
D. May...can't2. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get
B. is getting
C. must be getting
D. would get3. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, __________."
A. you need
B. you should
C. you must
D. you can4. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes
B. Would you like
C. Will you liked
D. Have you liked5. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may6. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. will7. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't
B. can't
C. shouldn't
D. won't 8. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need*9. Amy did best in the English test. She __________
hard last week.
A. must have working
B. should have worked
C. should work
D. must work
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but luckily, everyone __________ get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. could
D. was able to11. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment(随时).
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
12. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. can’t
D. needn’t
13. –Must I saty at home, Mum? --No, you ______.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. don’t
D. may not
14. –Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
--Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.
A. can
B. may
C. would
D. have to
15. –May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you ______ be back by 11 o’clock.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
16. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
A. needn’t be thrown
B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw
D. may not throw
17. –May I go out to play basketball, Dad? -No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. couldn’t
D. needn’t
18. –Where is Jack, please? --He _____ be in the reading room.I saw him here just now.
A. can
B. need
C. would
D. must
19. –Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? --No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. can’t
D. needn’t
20. These books ______ out of the reading room. You have to read them here.
A. can’t take
B. must be taken
C. can take
D. mustn’t b e taken
21. –Mum, may I watch TV now? --Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. could
*22. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after class.
A. could
B. didn’t have to
C. might
D. shouldn’t
23. –Must we hand in the papers now? --No, you ______.
A. can’t
B. may not
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
24. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.
A. must
B. can
C. will
D. may
25. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. need
26. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can
B. could
C. would
D. must
*27. It’s still early. You ______.
A. mustn’t hurry
B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry
D. don’t have to hurry
28. –May I stop here? --No, you ______.
A. mustn’t
B. might not
C. needn’t
D. won’t
29. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t
B. couldn’t
C. may not
D. might not
30. –Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. should
31. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. will
32. ______ I know your name?
A. May
B. Will
C. Shall
D. Must
33. You ______ be more careful next time.
A. have to
B. may
C. must
D. might
34. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn’t; needn’t
B. needn’t; mustn’t
C. mustn’t; mustn’t
D. needn’t; needn’t
*35. What kinds of homes will we live in the future?
Nobody ______ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.
A. will
B. may
C. can
D. must
36. ______ you be happy!
A. Might
B. Must
C. Wish
D. May
37. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must.
A. may not
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. mustn’t
38. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can
B. need
C. may
D. must
39. –Do you think his story ______ true? --I don’ think so. But it sounds good.
A. must be
B. may be
C. can be
D. has to be
40. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger.
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. may
41. –How long ______ the book be kept? --For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time.
A. can; may
B. may; need
C. can; must
D. must; need
42. – May I have an apple, Mum? --Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first?
A. may
B. must
C. can
D. need
*43. –There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.
--Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably.
A. can
B. should
C. may
D. must
*44. –Shall I tell John about the bad news? --No, you ______. I think that will make him sad.
A. needn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
45. –Could I call you by your first name? --Yes, you ______.
A. will
B. could
C. may
D. might
46. --______ the man there be our new teacher? --H e ______ be, but I’m not sure.
A. May; mustn’t
B. Can; may
C. Must; can’t
D. Can; can’t
[听力训练] T37
一、听短对话回答问题
（）1. What are they going to do?
A. Watch TV.
B. Play basketball.
C. Play computer games.
（）2. How does Tom study English?
A.By going to the English club.
B. By listening to the radio.
C.By making flashcards.
（）3. What sport did the boy use to play?
A.Basketball.
B. Tennis.
C. Football.
（）4. What may Mr Jones be?
A.A doctor.
B. A policeman.
C. A worker.
（）5. What are they going to play?
A. Basketball.
B. Tennis.
C. Table tennis.
二、听长对话回答问题
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题
（）6. What was the woman doing a moment ago?
A.Playing with Jim.
B. Preparing her school paper.
C. Suring the Internet in her room.
（）7. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is very careful.
B. She lives kids very much.
C. She doesn’t understand kids well.
（）8. How does Jim look now?
A.Sad.
B. Angry.
C. Bored.
听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题
（）9. Who will get married?
A. Jane.
B. Amy.
C. Tom.
（）10. When is the wedding?
A.In the month.
B. In two months.
C. In two weeks.
（）11. How many friends of Paul’s will come for the wedding?
A. Six.
B. Ten.
C. Five.
三、听独白回答问题(生词：balloon气球, molecule分子)
（）12. How many kinds of things do you need to the experiment?
A..4.
B.2.
C.3.
（）13. What happens to the balloon when the air in it heats up?
A. It becomes bigger and bigger.
B. It becomes smaller and smaller.
C. It can fly in the sky.
（）14. When the air heats up, the molecules move______.
A.faster.
B. slower.
C. closer.
（）15. Warm air takes up ______ the same amount of cold air.
A.The same space as
B. more space than.
C. less space than.
[文化触角]
●to eat one's words恐怕每个人都有不能兑现自己所说的话的时候，在中文里我们有时把这种
现象叫做：食言。即to eat one's words；
●To eat one's hat, 当一个人说to eat his hat，那就是他十分肯定他说的话是对的，要是他错了，
他宁可把自己的帽子给吃了。中文的意思就是：要是他错了，他就不姓张，或不姓李等等。 --Michigan has a great football team this fall. If we don't win the national championship this year, I'll eat my hat.
密执安大学今年秋天绝对会有一个非常强的足球队。要是我们今年不能获得全国足球赛冠军的话，我就不姓王。
●to eat one's heart out，heart就是人的“心”。它真正意思是：非常沉痛和绝望的悲痛。
--Ever since grandmother died, grandfather has been eating his heart out--he's lost all interest in life and won't even get out of bed to eat."
自从祖母去世后，祖父非常伤心，他对生活失去了一切兴趣，都不愿意起床吃饭。
To eat one's heart out还可以用在另一种场合，也就是半开玩笑地让别人对你产生妒忌。
--Hey, Pete, you know that girl in Class 8 you like so much? Well, eat your heart out, buddy--I'm taking her out for dinner and a movie Saturday night." 喂，彼得，你知道那个8班的你很喜欢的女孩吗？这下好了，你去伤心去吧，我星期六请她出去吃晚饭、看电影！”
[美文背诵] (节选)Hobbies My hobby is collecting stamps. When I began, I tried to collect the stamps of all the countries, but now I collect only Greek and Indian ones because I have friends in Greece and I live in India. Some of my stamps are very pretty, and they are all interesting. When you look at stamps carefully, they teach you a lot about the history of other countries.My brother's hobby is watching trains. He goes to our station and watches them there. When an engine goes through the station he writes down its name and number. He likes train watching very much, but I don't. I went to the station with him one day, but it wasn't interesting.
我的爱好是集邮。开始时，我设法收集所有国家的邮票，但是现在我只收集希腊和印度的，因为我有朋友在希腊，而我生活在印度。我的一些邮票非常漂亮，而且都很有趣。当你仔细看邮票时，它们会教你很多其他国家的历史。我兄弟的爱好是看火车。他去我们的车站，在那里看火车。当一辆车进站时，他写下车名和车号。他非常喜欢看火车，但我不喜欢。一天，我和他一起去车站，但那一点都不有趣。
1-5DCCBD 6-10CBBAD 11-15 CCDC 16-20 BADCD 21-25 CBDDC 26-30DDAAC
31-35 BACAC 36-40 DBDCD 41-46CBBACB
答案：1-5 BBCAB 6-11BCAAAC 12-15 CAAB
情态动词 1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.
Modal Verbs 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must (must), have to, shall (should), will (would), need (need), dare (dared), ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化。它不能单独使用，必须跟其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词的具体用法如下： 一、can, could 1、表示能力。 a. Can you speak English? b. Can you finish this work tonight? c. Man cannot live without air. Note:
(1) can表示能力时，可用be able to 代替。 a. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. (2) 当我们要表示“某件事情已经 成功”时，应用was/ were able to , 不能用could a. He saw well and he was able to swim to the river when the flood happened. b. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening and he enjoyed himself very much. 2、表示客观可能性
a. People who live near airports can have their hearing harmed. b. The boy can sometimes be very naughty. （表示某人或某物一时的情况，“有时会。。。”） c. The invention can be improve d. d. Even experts can make mistakes. e. He can’t be in Beijing now because I saw him a moment ago. f. He had a lot of work to do last night, so he couldn’t have gone to see a film. Note: 在肯定句中用can表示可能性时，其含义是理论上的可能性，不表示
情态动词 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: “有时”=at times. He is sometimes late for school. some times: “几次” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻” I bought it sometime last spring. We’ll meet again sometime next week. some time: “一段时间” We have to stay here for some time. 2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如： 许多书许多牛奶 (2)a few和a little都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定，相当于"some"，但 a few修饰可数名词， a little修饰不可数名词，例如： He has a few friends in London. ---Would you like some coffee? ---Yes, just a little. (3)few和little表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例 如： He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】加-ing be busy doing sth.忙于做…… eg: Mother is busy cooking. look forward to + doing sth. 期待做…… eg: Tom l ooks forward to seeing his father again. Thank you for (doing) sth. 为了…感谢你 eg: Thank you for your help. have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 eg: I had great fun playing in the water. =have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难 eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours. 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点： ⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词＋动词原形 表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 ⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s （以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。 ⑶ 在意义上，情态动词具有“多义性”。 例：can既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。 【情态动词的基本用法】
情态动词 （一）情态动词的定义: 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点 1. 情态动词有一定的词义。 2. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语。 3. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化。 （三）情态动词的结构和意义 1.情态动词的基本句型 ?肯定句：主语+情态动词+动词原形+...... ?否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+...... ?疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原形+...... 2. 情态动词的意义 must“必须”；can/could“能，会”；may/might “可以”；should“应该”； would“愿，要”；have to“不得不”；need“需要” （四）情态动词的基本用法 1.can (could主要指过去时间) 1）表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会” : Two eyes can see more than one. / I can swim very well. 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上） He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 3）表示允许： Can I have a look at your new pen? He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 4）表示对现在动作或状态的猜测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹句中: He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.他不可能超过六十岁。 5）could表示比can更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法，指的是现在时间。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ 2. may (might) 1）表允许，询问或说明一件事可不可以做，might指过去时间；但在疑问句中might也可指现在时间，语气比may更委婉。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 在回答以may引起的问句时，肯定回答是一般可仍用may,或Yes, please. / Certainly./Sure./Of course. ； 否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用: must not(mustn’t)（禁止）/ had better not（最好别）/ may not（不行） 2) may表可能,但所表示的可能性不如can所表示的那样肯定。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. must（have to表示客观需要） 1）表示“必须”（主观看法）时，用于肯定句或疑问句；用于否定句时表示“禁止”。 We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 You must get home before 9:00. 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 3)must的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。 4. should 1）表责任或义务，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。
一、选择题 1．One ______ easily lose his way when he visits or comes to a new place. A．may B．must C．need D．should 2．—Is that Kate’s green bike? —It ____________be hers. She likes pink. A．can’t B．could C．mustn’t D．might 3．—Can we walk across the road now? —No, we . We have to wait until the light turns green. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 4．---Mum, must I finish my homework today? ---No, you . Tomorrow is Sunday and you may have a rest today. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．don’t have t o 5．A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A．must B．may C．need D．should 6．You look quite tired. You'd better ________ a good rest. A．stop to have B．stop having C．to stop to have D．to stop having 7．From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．mightn’t 8．—Can I take some milk and biscuits to the reading room? —No, our school has a rule that students _______ eat or drink there. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 9．— Mom, I got a big box from express(快递). What is it? —I’m not sure. It ________be a present from your grandmother. A．should B．might C．must D．will 10．(2018·山东临沂) Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well. A．can’t B．must n’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 11．-Could you help me with my English homework, Nancy? -Of course I____________. Glad to help. A．could B．can C．must D．do 12．My head teacher has made a set of rules to show what we students ________ and ________ not do in class. A．must; must B．will; will C．need; need D．might; might 13．Since the road is muddy,it ________last night, ________? A．must be rained; wasn’t it B．must have rained; didn’t it C．must rained; didn’t it D．must have rained; wasn’t it
情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。一. 10个最重要情态动词的用法 1. can ⑴ 表示能力，一般译为“能、会”，尤其指生来具备的能力。 She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她会游泳，但我不会。 ⑵ 表示许可，常在口语中。 You can use my dictionary. 你可以使用我的词典。 ⑶ 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。 Can the news be true? 这个消息可能是真的吗？ It can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能是我们老师。他正在参观长城呢。 2. could ⑴ can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。 He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁的时候就会写诗。 ⑵ could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。 Could you do me a favour? 你可以帮我一个忙吗？
—Could I use your pen? 我可以使用你的钢笔吗？ —Yes, you can.（注意回答）可以。 3. may ⑴ 表示请求、许可，比can正式， May I borrow your bike? 我可以借用你的自行车吗？ You may go home now. 你现在可以回家了。 ⑵ 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。 ⑶ may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may（此时might没有过去式的意思）。 He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了。也许是病了。 ⑷ 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V May you have a good time！ 祝你玩的愉快！ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ May you succeed！ 祝你成功！ 4. must
一、选择题 1．You should________ the teacher________being late for school. A．apology to, about B．apologize to, for C．apologies to, for D．apologize to, on 2．-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．don’t 3．— Do you think it is safe to shop online? — I think so. On Taobao, customers return goods with no questions asked，but they ______ pay delivery costs. A．can’t; can B．must; must C．can; have to D．mustn’t; can 4．—Is Wendy in the classroom now? —I’m not sure. She ________ be there. I saw her in the library ten minutes ago. A．may not B．must not C．shall not D．would not 5．The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight. A．must B．may C．can’t D．needn’t 6．You______ worry about your lessons. Be careful next time and you will get a good mark. A．don’t need to B．not need C．needn’t to D．don’t need 7．---Mum, must I finish my homework today? ---No, you . Tomorrow is Sunday and you may have a rest today. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．don’t have to 8．A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A．must B．may C．need D．should 9．—Doesn’t Frank like staying at home and looking after his little sister? —_______, but he ________ because both of his parents work. A．Yes; has to B．No; has to C．Yes; doesn’t have to D．No; doesn’t have to 10．—Have you heard about the temperature of the earth will rise to 59℃ in 2020? —Don’t worry! The news _______ be true. A．must not B．may not C．needn’t D．will not 11．The milk tastes bad. You’d better_______. A．throw it away B．to throw it away C．throw them away D．to throw them away 12．I’m sorry, children over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．He like coffee. I see him drink a cup at times.
语法专题(三) 情态动词 考点归纳 考点一：情态动词表示能力 1．表现在的或一般的能力： 表示现在的或一般的能力用can或be able to，can比be able to 使用得更普遍。can侧重指有能力做某事；而be able to更强调通过努力、克服困难做成某事。 A computer can't think for itself；it must be told what to do. He is a native speaker of English，so he can of course speak English quite well. 2．表示将来的能力： 表示将来能力用will be able to。 If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡个好觉，你就能做出这道题。 3．表示过去的能力： could表示过去一般的能力，即不表示做或未做某事；而was (were) able to do则表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相当于managed to do something/succeeded in doing something。 考点二：情态动词表示推测(可能性) 可能性可分为客观的(理论的)可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性。 1．客观的(理论的)可能性指并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。can用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，can用于疑问及否定句中则表示实际发生的可能性。 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow. A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time，especially in a railway station. 2．表示具体事情实际发生的可能性：
常见情态动词讲解 一、情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化；它的后面必须跟动词原形。 二、情态动词的种类： 三、情态动词的用法及主要句型： 1、Can I help you ——Yes, please. / No, thanks. 2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形 Yes, ～ can. No, ～can’t. 3、Can I borrow your book----Yes,of course. 4、Can I write on the book ------No, you can’t\mustn’t. 5、Could \Can you help me---- Yes,of course.\Certainly.\ Sure. 6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo 7、May I come in ----- Come in, please. 8、May I sit here----- Yes, please.\Sorry, please don’t. 9、May I have some Coke---- Yes, of course. 10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom -----Speaking. Who’s calling 11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告： 1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldn’t play computer game too much. 12、Should +主语 +动词原形 Yes, ～ should.\ No, ～shouldn’t. 13、表示建议“你愿意…吗” ---Would you like to go shopping with me
一、选择题 1．—Could you please hang out with me this afternoon? —______. I have to make a plan for Clean-Up Day. A．Sorry, I couldn’t B．Sorry, I can’t C．Sure, I can D．Sure, I could 2．Since you are very tired, you ______ finish the work today. A．needn’t B．may not C．mustn’t D．can’t 3．―I can't stop smoking, Doctor. ―For your health, I'm afraid you . A．must B．can C．need D．have to 4．I hope you __________ to my birthday party. A．to come B．can come C．comes D．are come 5．You look quite tired. You'd better ________ a good rest. A．stop to have B．stop having C．to stop to have D．to stop having 6．—I can't stop smoking, doctor. —For your health, I'm afraid you ________. A．must B．can C．may D．need 7．—Hi, Lucy, may I sit here? —No, ________. The seats are for teachers and parents. A．you needn't B．you aren't C．you mustn't D．you don't 8．You __ drive your car so fast. It's very dangerous. A．wouldn't B．shouldn't C．couldn't D．mightn't 9．—Doesn’t Frank like staying at home and looking after his little sister? —_______, but he ________ because both of his parents work. A．Yes; has to B．No; has to C．Yes; doesn’t have to D．No; doesn’t have to 10．—Must I finish my homework this evening? —No,you ________.You have a three﹣day holiday. A．won't B．mustn't C．needn't 11．It is 11:00 p.m now. Peter hasn't come back yet. His mother ______ be very mad at him. A．may B．can C．must D．need 12．—Must we finish the work right now? —No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 13．It’s raining all day, so I ________ st ay at home. A．can’t B．has to C．have to 14．—I feel tired. —You ________ go to bed so late.
一、选择题 1．—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum? —No, you , my dear. You’re free to make your own decision. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 2．—Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ________.You can finish it tomorrow. A．mustn't B．can't C．shouldn't D．needn't 3．I hope you __________ to my birthday party. A．to come B．can come C．comes D．are come 4．A: Is Jim coming by train? B: I’m not sure. He _______ drive his car. A．must B．may C．need D．should 5．From March 23rd, 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disneyland alone. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．mightn’t 6．—Hi, Lucy, may I sit here? —No, ________. The seats are for teachers and parents. A．you needn't B．you aren't C．you mustn't D．you don't 7．— Mom, I got a big box from express(快递). What is it? —I’m not sure. It ________be a present from your grandmother. A．should B．might C．must D．will 8．You should________ the teacher________being late for school. A．apology to, about B．apologize to, for C．apologies to, for D．apologize to, on 9．I see the blackboard. I need to have my glasses. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．One ______ easily lose his way when he visits or comes to a new place. A．may B．must C．need D．should 12．I’m sorry, children over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．---I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter. ---It ______ true because there was little snow there. A．may not be B．won’t be C．couldn’t be D．will be 14．— Will Jim come to Yangzhou for a holiday? — He ________come, it depends on how much homework he will have. A．may B．should C．must D．need
情态动词专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语情态动词 1．—Mum, I play football this afternoon? —Sure, but you finish your homework first. A. may; could B. can; must C. can; mustn't D. may; can't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：－妈妈，今天下午我能踢足球吗？－当然，但是你必须先完成作业。前句提请求，can,may都可以；后句，由sure可知后句用肯定回答。Could表示一种委婉的语气；must表示主观愿望：必须。妈妈要求孩子“必须”先完成作业。故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析，may表示请求时候的回答用语。 2．According to the law, traffic keep to the left in England. A. may B. must C. need D. can 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：根据法律规定，在英国车辆必须靠左形式。A.may可以，表示允许；B.must必须，表示要求；C.need需要，表示必要性；D.can能，表示能力。根据According to the law,可知法律的要求，应是必须的，应用must，故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词的常用法。 3．— __________I wear a tie to Janet's birthday party? — No,you needn't. But do remember to bring her a present. A. Must B. Should C. Need D. Can 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——我必须戴领带去参加Jane的生日聚会吗？——不，你不必，但是记住给她带个礼物。对于must的否定回答是用needn't。而should应该；need需要；can可以。所以根据回答可知选A。 【点评】考查情态动词的基本用法。 4．—Shall we meet at the station at 9 a.m.? —In fact we ______. The train ______until 11a.m. A. needn't; will leave B. needn't; won't leave C. mustn't; leaves D. mustn't; doesn't leave 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：—我们上午9点在车站见面好吗？—事实上我们不需要。火车直到11点才离开。needn't情态动词，不需要，没必要；mustn't情态动词，不允许，语气强烈，本题含义只是“不需要”,并没有“禁止、不许”这样强烈的语义。not...until...，意为“直到...才...”，表示将来发生的事情，所以使用一般将来时态的否定形式won't。故选：B。
情态动词专项讲解 1. China is developing its high-speed train technology fast, so it _____be good enough to catch up with the best. A. may B. might C. must D. should 2. Then some other interesting reasons appear, such as ―It's so smoggy that I ______find my way to office." A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 3. "The world is big, and I want to see it," wrote a teacher in her resignation letter. _____ you quit your job to travel the world? A. Must B. Might C. Should D. Would 【答案揭晓】CCD 一、情态动词的定义 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形或其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能.应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。 1. No driving electric motorbikes in some areas is a rule that we shall obey in Fuzhou. 必须.一定（法律.法规等）动词原形 2. Women who are exposed to second-hand smoke during their pregnancy can be at risk of abortion.能，会，可以(表示有能力或机会) 动词原形 二、常考情态动词的关键用法 (一) can 1. －Jim，it is time you went to bed．You need to get up early tomorrow. －It’s not fair，Mary can stay up till ten hut I have to go to bed at eight. 可以(表示允许) 2.If it were not for the fact that she can't sing，I would invite her to the party. 能，会，可以(表示有能力) 3. Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away 能够，可以(表示某事物的特点) 4.Peter can be really difficult to get along with at times even though he’s a nice person in general. 有可能;有时会 5. I cannot choose but to go. 不能，无法(用于否定句，表示情况不允许) 6.I cannot thank you enough,it has been a wonderful day. 再.....也不为过( 也可以用can never/hardly.....too much) 7.—Is Jack on duty today? —It can't be him.It’s his turn tomorrow. 不可能(can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，此句表对现在的猜测) 8.—Can he have been chosen as captain of the football team? —Yes, he must have. 可能（can可用于否定句/疑问句中表猜测，can have done表示对过去的猜测猜测） 9. This old lady was struggling out of the train and I said, 'Oh, can I help you?' 能(通常用于疑问句，表示建议或提议帮忙) 10. Can you just lift the table for a second? (用于疑问句时,can 表示礼貌的请求，而can't 表示强烈请求） (二) could
情态动词 【概念引入】 1）情态动词表示说话人对所做动作的观点或态度。如：需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。 例如：I must go now.我现在必须得走了。 2）情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，但是个别情态动词有时态的变化。 例如：can的过去式是could。 3）情态动词不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形共同做谓语。 例如：I can swim.我会游泳。 4）常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, have to, should, would等。 5）情态动词一般不止一个意思，它的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not，一般疑问句是将情态动词提到句首。 例如：I can’t speak French.我不会说法语。 Can you speak English？你会说英语吗？ 【用法讲解】 1.can的用法。 1）表能力 We can do our homework by ourselves.我们可以自己完成作业。 He can swim well.他游泳很好。 I can play football but I can’t play the piano.我会踢足球但是我不会弹钢琴。 2）表xx You can watch TV after supper.晚饭后你可以看电视。
You can’t play basketball in the street.你不能在街上打篮球。 3）表请求 Can you help me with my math?你能帮我学数学吗？ Could you lend your book to me?你能把你的书借给我吗？ 注意：could 是can的过去式，但是这里并不表示过去时，而是表示委婉语气。 拓展：can 和be able to的区别 （1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。在一般过去时中都表示能够时，两者可以互换。 例如：Mary can play the piano.（一般现在时） xx会弹钢琴。 She could / was able to play the piano when she was five.（一般过去时）她五岁时就会弹琴。 She has been able to play it since she was five.（现在完成时） 她自从五岁起就会弹琴了。 （2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was ?were able to则表示“过去设法做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 例如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t want to do it that day.他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 4）表示“不可能……”