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阅读判断5 Plants and Mankind

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阅读判断5：Plants and Mankind 植物与人类

Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapon, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of" knowledge " at all. 植物学，即对植物研究的科学，在人类文明发展的历史长河中占据着特殊地位。我们不知道旧石器时代的祖先们对植物究竟了解多少，但根据我们对现存的工业社会的研究，可以肯定对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。这种分析是合乎逻辑的。植物不仅是其他一切生物所需食物的根基，甚至也是其他类型植物的食物来源。它们对于人类的幸福始终是相当重要的，它们不仅仅为人们提供食物，还提供衣服、武器、工具、染料、药品、住所和许多其他东西。生活在亚马逊河的丛中的原始部落，能识别成百上千种不同植物，知道每一种植物的属性。他们没有植物学这个概念，甚至可能没有意识到它是知识界的一个分支。 Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct out knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose an apple or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 不幸的是，我们的工业化程度越高，人类与植物间的直接联系就越少，而且对植物学知识的了解也就变得越来越模糊。然而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识。很少会有人分辨不出玫瑰、苹果或兰花。大约一万年前，当居住在中东的新石器时代的老祖先们发现某些草可以用来种植而且到了来年再把种子种在地里可以得到更好的收成时，人们与植物之间的联系迈出了崭新伟大的一步。谷物的发现创造了人类农业发展史上的奇迹，即耕种庄稼。从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的几种植物的生产中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。 1）It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【解题思路】 第一步：先划出题干的信息词plants，properties，ancient 然后回到原文定位段落找答案。 第二步：在第一段第二句找到含信息词的句子： a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. 第三步：对比题干与原文找到了一致的信息，a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.两者都表达了同样的意思，对植物和它们的特征进行详细地研究一定是从远古开始的，这种说法是合理的。题干与原文的描述一致，所以答案选A。 1. A. 问题句说“„关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久‟这种说法是合乎逻辑的。”利用“关于植物及其特征的详细知识”作为答案线索短语，于是在文章第一段第2句话中发现含有该短语的句子。而在接下来的一句中发现“合乎逻辑的”这个问题句中的关键词。对比问题句和答案相关句，我们发现问题句是一个句子，而原文采用了2个句子。比较他们语意上的差异：原文中代词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即指代“关于植物及其特征的详细知识一定由来已久”。可见原文的说法与问题句的说法一致。所以该题是考察代词this的指代关系。 2）People cannot survive without plants. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【解题思路】 第一步：先划出题干的信息词：People，survive，plants 然后回到原文定位段落找答案。 第二步：在第一段第四句找到含信息词的句子：Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. 第三步：题干的意思是人们离开了植物不能生存。根据原文的意思可以得知植物是所有生物，甚至是其它植物的食物金字塔的基础。题干与原文的描述一致，所以答案选A。 2． A. 该题可用常识直接判断：人类没有植物就不能生存这种说法应该是正确的。而第1段虽然没有直接地讲到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，但提到植物为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基础。所以该题是考察考生的语句的总结能力。 3）Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 【解题思路】 第一步：先划出题干的信息词 Tribes，jungle，botany 然后回到原文定位段落找答案。 第二步：在第一段最后一句找到含信息词的句子：To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of" knowledge " at all. 第三步：题干的意思是生活在亚马逊河丛林里的部落给他们的孩子在学校里教授植物学。根据原文的意思可以得知他们的词汇中还没有„植物学‟这个词，甚至可能不承认„植物学‟是门专门的知识。题干与原文的描述矛盾，所以答案选B。 3． B. 利用“亚马逊丛林中的部落”作为答案线索词，于是在第一段结尾部分找到答案相关句。该句提到现今仍生活在亚马逊丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特征，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。 4）Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. A. Right

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沪教牛津版七年级上册英语 Unit 4 达标测试卷

沪教牛津版七年级上册英语 Unit 4 达标测试卷

Unit 4达标测试卷时间：120分钟满分：120分第一部分(听力共30分)一、听对话, 选答案(共15小题, 计20分)第一节：(共10小题, 计10分)()1. A. White tea. B. Green tea. C. Black tea.()2. A. Carrying water. B. Cleaning the yard.C. Digging a deep hole.()3. A. Furniture and fruit. B. Oil and fruit.C. Oil and gases.()4. A. The USA. B. France. C. Britain.()5. A. By air. B. By railway. C. By ship.()6. A. 9 miles. B. 19 miles. C. 90 miles.()7. A. Russia. B. Australia. C. The USA.()8. A. Two. B. Four. C. Six.()9. A. 150. B. 3, 018. C. 3, 080.()10. A. No photos. B. No talking. C. No food.第二节：(共5小题, 计10分)听第11段对话, 回答第11、12小题。

()11. Who are talking on the phone?A. Tom and Jack.B. Jack and Mrs Brown.C. Tom and Mrs Brown.()12. What are Tom and his friends going to do this Sunday morning?A. Plant trees.B. Have a party.C. See a film.听第12段对话, 回答第13至15小题。

()13. What kind of trees does the man like?A. Apple trees.B. Pear trees.C. Peach trees.()14. What is his favorite fruit?A. Bananas.B. Apples.C. Grapes.()15. Does he like grapes?A. Yes, he does.B. Hard to say.C. No, he doesn't.二、听独白, 填信息(共5小题, 计10分)16. The students are ________ trees in University Town.17. Li Lei is digging some ________ in the ground.18. The monitor works the ________.19. Jessica comes from ________.20. All the students hope to make our __________ more beautiful.第二部分(笔试共90分)三、完形填空(共20小题, 计20分)第一节：Sandy was very happy when she visited Uncle James. He lived __21__ a farm in the country. And he had green fields and trees of __22__ own. Sandy's favorite part was the tree in the backyard. The tree had white flowers with rosy centres, and the flowers on it smelled __23__, too.Last week Sandy visited Uncle James. To her surprise, there wasn't a single flower on the tree. And the tree didn't smell nice __24__. “Uncle James, what happened to the beautiful tree？” she asked worriedly, almost crying.“On an apple tree, the flowers only last for __25__ weeks, ” Uncle James said. “Now it's summer, right? So they are all gone. ”“What apple tree？” Sandy asked. “That was __26__ flower tree. ”Uncle James laughed. He moved the leaves, and Sandy __27__ see little, green fruits. “These are too small to be apples, ” Sandy said. “But they __28__big and red apples soo n, ” Uncle James explained. “The flowers” attract(吸引) bees and bees bring the pollen(花粉). __29__ the tree doesn't need the flowers, they fall off and make room for the fruits. If you want to eat as much as you like, you can come in October and help me __30__ all the apples. ”“It's a deal！”Sandy said excitedly.()21. A. in B. to C. with D. on()22. A. his B. him C. himself D. he()23. A. well B. good C. better D. best ()24. A. too B. as well C. either D. also ()25. A. many B. little C. few D. a few ()26. A. an B. a C. the D. /()27. A. can B. could C. must D. should ()28. A. become B. will become C. becomes D. became ()29. A. When B. Before C. Although D. Because ()30. A. picking B. pickedC. pickD. have picked第二节：Trees give us many things. They give us wood, fresh air, medicines and many other __31__. They can tell us a lot too. __32__?If you cut across a __33__ you can see that it has rings(环形物). Most trees __34__ one new ring every year. Because of this we know __35__ a tree is. The Bristlecone Pines in California are over 4, 000 __36__ old. This means that they have over 4, 000 rings.When the __37__ is dry or very cold, trees do not grow very much and their rings are usually thin. When it is wet and good for trees, the rings are much __38__. If the rings are suddenly very thin or suddenly much thicker, this __39__ that the weather changed suddenly. If we look at the rings on the Bristlecone Pines we can learn about the weather 4, 000 years ago. We can see how our weather is __40__ today.()31. A. jokes B. things C. members D. steps()32. A. How B. Which C. When D. Where()33. A. pet B. towel C. hole D. tree()34. A. die B. help C. grow D. fight()35. A. how old B. how long C. how many D. how much ()36. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years()37. A. gas B. weather C. branch D. bottom()38. A. smaller B. longer C. thicker D. thinner()39. A. allows B. means C. imagines D. appears()40. A. changing B. trying C. ending D. leaving四、阅读理解(共15小题, 计20分)第一节：(共10小题, 计15分)AWe can see trees here and there. Trees are important in the world. They are useful to man in three important ways.First, they give man food, wood and clean air. Trees give many animals food, too. If there are no trees, many animals can't live. And it's not easy for man to live.Second, trees can give us shade. On a hot summer day, children would like to relax under the shade of a tree after they play for a long time.Third, trees can help to stop bad weather. But in many places, people cut down a lot of trees. And then the weather gets bad.()41. Trees can't give man ____.A. woodB. foodC. sunshineD. clean air()42. The meaning of the underlined w ord “shade” is “____” in Chinese.A. 日光B. 树荫C. 树梢D. 氧气()43. Trees can make the weather ____.A. coldB. warmC. goodD. badBIf you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you will fly over forests for thousands of kilometers. These great forests are the oceans of trees. There are thousands of different kinds of plants and animals.However, the world's forests are getting smaller all the time. We are cutting down trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland. Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years. What will happen if they disappear?If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world. In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts. Crops will not grow there. It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot. Perhaps the climate of the world will change. This will be dangerous for everyone in the world. That is why we must take care of our forests.()44. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Africa and South America are the oceans of trees.B. Forests are homes for different kinds of animals.C. Forests are usually several square kilometers large.D. Different plants can't be found in the same forest.()45. The need for more wood and more farmland leads to ____.A. the change of the world climateB. the disappearance of many plants and animalsC. more deserts and less farmlandD. all the above()46. What will happen in 20 or 30 years in some people's view?A. We'll have more and greater forests.B. We'll have enough farmland to support our people.C. We'll have no forests like those in the center of Africa.D. We'll have enough wood to do some cooking.CDear friends,Trees are our friends. They work hard for us. They cool our cities and clean the air. They also give out oxygen for us to breathe. Trees reduce sound pollution in cities and make cities more beautiful.Without trees, the soil would be washed away and there would be no food for us to eat. Without trees, it would get too hot for us to live on the Earth. Without trees, we would die.Trees also provide a lot of things for people. They provide food. They also supply materials for houses, furniture and paper products. Some trees even provide importantingredients( 成分) for medicine.In the last 200 years, more than half of all the trees on the Earth have been destroyed. We need more trees!Trees for Earth is making a difference. To help protect our environment, we plant trees and take care of them. We need more people to join us in this project. We want to plant 100 million trees in the next 10 years. If you want to find out more about us, please send an e-mail at **********************.Trees for Earth ()47. What is the article above?A. An ad.B. A story.C. A letter.D. A science report.()48. Trees help us in many ways except ____.A. they cool our cities and clean our airB. they provide us with all the foodC. they provide materials for houses, furniture and paper productsD. they keep the soil from being washed away()49. What will happen if there are more trees in the world?A. We will have less land to plant food.B. More soil will be washed away.C. There will be no noise pollution.D. The Earth will not become too hot for us to live on.()50. Why should we plant trees and take care of them?A. Because they help protect the environment.B. Because they provide us with food.C. Because they are our friends.D. All of the above.第二节：根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

小升初英语植物保护宣传活动阅读理解30题

小升初英语植物保护宣传活动阅读理解30题

小升初英语植物保护宣传活动阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Last weekend, a wonderful plant protection publicity activity was held in the park. Many people came to participate in this meaningful event. There were students, teachers, and some environmental enthusiasts. They set up booths to display various beautiful plants. Some of the plants had colorful flowers, while others had unique leaves. The organizers also prepared many brochures to introduce the importance of plant protection. People were actively discussing how to protect plants and make our environment more beautiful.1. Who participated in the plant protection publicity activity?A.Only students.B.Only teachers.C.Students, teachers and environmental enthusiasts.D.No one.答案：C。

原因：文章中明确提到“There were students, teachers, and some environmental enthusiasts.”。

2. What did they display at the activity?A.Fruits.B.Animals.C.Plants.D.Books.答案：C。

GMAT考试阅读资料（五）（2）

GMAT考试阅读资料（五）（2）

Passage 24 All of the cells in a particular plant start out with the　same complement of genes. How then can these cells　differentiate and form structures as different as roots，　stems， leaves， and fruits？ The answer is that only a（5） small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are　expressed， or turned on， at a given time. This is accom-　plished by a complex system of chemical messengers　that in plants include hormones and other regulatorymolecules. Five major hormones have been identified：（10） auxin， abscisic acid， cytokinin， ethylene， and gibberel-lin. Studies of plants have now identified a new class ofregulatory molecules called oligosaccharins. Unlike the oligosaccharins， the five well-known planthormones are pleiotropic rather than specific， that is，（15）each has more than one effect on the growth and devel-opment of plants. The five has so many simultaneouseffects that they are not very useful in artificiallycontrolling the growth of crops. Auxin， for instance，stimulates the rate of cell elongation，causes shoots to（20） grow up and roots to grow down， and inhibits thegrowth of lateral shoots. Auxin also causes the plant todevelop a vascular system， to form lateral roots， and toproduce ethylene. The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant（25） hormones is somewhat analogous to that of certain hormones in animal. For example， hormones from thehypothalamus in the brain stimulate the anterior lobeof the pituitary gland to synthesize and release manydifferent hormones， one of which stimulates the release（30） of hormones from the adrenal cortex. These hormones have specific effects on target organs all over the body.One hormone stimulates the thyroid gland， forexample， another the ovarian follicle cells， and so forth.In other words， there is a hierarchy of hormones.（35）　Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosac-charins are fragments of the cell wall released byenzymes：different enzymes release different oligosac- charins. There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the（40） enzymes that release these other， more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall. 1. According to the passage， the five well-known plant　hormones are not useful in controlling the growth of crops because （A） it is not known exactly what functions the hormones perform （B） each hormone has various effects on plants （C） none of the hormones can function without the others （D） each hormone has different effects on different kinds of plants （E） each hormone works on only a small subset of a cell‘s genes at any particular time　 2. The passage suggests that the place of hypothalamic　hormones in the hormonal hierarchies of animals is　similar to the place of which of the following in plants？ （A） Plant cell walls （B） The complement of genes in each plant cell （C） A subset of a plant cell‘s gene complement （D） The five major hormones （E） The oligosaccharins 3. The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosaccharin？ （A） To stimulate a particular plant cell to become part of a plant‘s root system （B） To stimulate the walls of a particular cell to produce other oligosaccharins （C） To activate enzymes that release specific chemical messengers from plant cell walls （D） To duplicate the gene complement in a particular plant cell （E） To produce multiple effects on a particular subsystem of plant cells 4. The author mentions specific effects that auxin has on　plant development in order to illustrate the （A） point that some of the effects of plant hormones can be harmful （B） way in which hormones are produced by plants （C） hierarchical nature of the functioning of plant hormones （D） differences among the best-known plant hormones （E） concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones 5. According to the passage， which of the following best　describes a function performed by oligosaccharins？ （A） Regulating the daily functioning of a plant‘s cells （B） Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals （C） Releasing specific chemical messengers from a plant‘s cell walls （D） Producing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate to perform different functions （E） Influencing the development of a plant‘s cells by controlling the expression of the cells’genes 6. The passage suggests that， unlike the pleiotropic　hormones， oligosaccharins could be used effectively　to （A） trace the passage of chemicals through the walls of cells （B） pinpoint functions of other plant hormones （C） artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops （D） alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants　 （E） alter the effects of the five major hormones on plant development 7. The author discusses animal hormones primarily in　order to （A） introduce the idea of a hierarchy of hormones （B） explain the effects that auxin has on plant cells （C） contrast the functioning of plant hormones and animals hormones （D） illustrate the way in which particular hormones affect animals （E） explain the distinction between hormones and regulatory molecules。

小升初六年级小学英语阅读理解精选及答案

小升初六年级小学英语阅读理解精选及答案

一、英语阅读理解训练1．阅读理解根据短文内容，判断正误。

Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important. There are many healthy foods. You can have more bananas, apples, oranges and tomatoes because fruits and vegetables are good for you. But don't eat too much chocolate and meat. They are not good for you. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Sports can also keep you healthy. Get up early and do some sports every day. Don't be lazy! You will be healthy and happy.（1）Food is very important for us to keep healthy.（2）We shouldn't eat chocolate or meat.（3）Healthy food can help us grow and make us strong and happy.（4）"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." means "Doctors don't like apples."（5）Doing sports is also good for our health.【答案】（1）1（2）0（3）1（4）0（5）1【考点】阅读理解【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍健康饮食。