在英语中,有些形容词是由动词加词尾-ing 或-ed,称为现在分词或过去分词转化来的。具有情绪色彩的与非情绪色
彩动词的分词做形容词时,在语意上是有差异的。
1．具有情绪色彩的动词-ing分词或-ed分词转化来的形容词
比如:动词interest其现在分词interesting,过去分词interested,都可以充当形容词。它们在含义上有区别吗?有区别的。前面谈到interest, 如:such a boy is interesting。(这个男孩真令人感兴趣),主语boy并不感到兴趣,而是说话人感到兴趣,而interested却不一样,如:The boy is interested in sports(这个男孩对运动感兴趣),这里是主语感到兴趣了。动词excite, 其现在分词exciting,过去分词excited, The football match is exciting(这场足球赛真令人激动) 主语The football match 本身不可能激动,激动的是观众;He was too excited to sleep(他激动得睡不着)。这里感到激动的正是主语本人。同样，动词Shock其现在分词shocking,过去分词shocked, The news is shocking(这消息令人震惊)。主语消息不会震惊,震惊的是知道消息的人。I was shocked at the news(我对这消息感到震惊),很显然,这里感到震惊的正是主语I。因此,我们可以说interesting, exciting, shocking这类形容词称为“引起某种情绪”的形容词(Adjectives of Exciting),而把interested, excited, shocked这类形容词称为“感到某种情绪”(Adjectives of Feeling)和“引起某种情绪”的-ing分词构成的形容词连用的名词多指东西,如:shocking rumours,
amusing joking ,tiring journey。和“感到某种情绪”的-ed分词构成的形容词连用的名词多指人（或指有情绪的动物），而不是东西。我们可以说a frightened bird, the astonished stranger,而不能说a frightened story(应是a frightening story), the astonished news (应是the astonishing news)。但是这类形容词可修饰人格化的东西，如：the troubled face,
his determined mouth
下面例句表示在系动词后用法的区别：
引起某种情绪感到某种情绪
It is amusing He is amused
It is boring He is bored
It is interesting He is interested
It is disgusting He is disgusted
It is gratifying He is gratified
It is charming He is charmed
It is annoying He is annoyed
It is perplexing He is perplexed
It is fascinating He is fascinated
It is tiring He is tired 2．非情绪类动词的-ing分词-ed分词转化来的形容词
而由非情绪类动词的-ing分词-ed分词转化成形容词时，通常,现在分词表示主动、正在;而过去分词有两种情况：1及物动词的过去分词有被动的含义2不及物动词的过去分
词则有完成的含义。
试比较：1及物动词:
the boiling water（正在沸腾的水the boiled water（煮开
过的水）
the developing countries（发展中国家the developed
countries（发达国家）
a burning buildings（燃烧着的建筑物a burned buildings
（烧毁了的建筑物）
2不及物动词:
the growing need （日益增长的需要）a grown woman
（一位成年女性）
a retiring manager (一位即将卸任的经理) a retired
worker（一位已退休的工人）
the fading evening light(逐渐苍茫的暮色) a faded
rose （一朵凋零的玫瑰）
如上所述，动词的现在分词和过去分词可起形容词作用，其中有些已具有形容词的各种特征，可以接受very 修饰，可以有比较级和最高级等，如：a very interesting film(一部很有趣的电影) ,the most experienced doctor(最有经验的医生)。但，还有一些过去分词本身并不具有形容词的特征，只有加上副词构成复合词时，才有了形容词的特征。如：badly-behaved(不守规矩的), newly-born（新出生的）
等
精品文档 精品文档高中最常见30个情感类动词及其形容词变形 1. amaze: v. 使某人吃惊; amazing：adj. 令人惊叹的; amazed：adj. 感到惊奇的 2. annoy：v. 使某人恼怒; annoying：adj. 令人恼怒的; annoyed：感到恼怒的，生气的 3. astonish：v. 使某人惊愕; astonishing：adj. 令人惊愕的; astonished：adj. 感到惊愕的 4. confuse：v. 使某人困惑; confusing：adj. 令人困惑的; confused：adj. 感到困惑的 5. convince：v. 使某人信服; convincing：adj. 令人信服的; convinced：adj. 感到信服的 6. delight：v. 使某人高兴; delightful：adj. 令人高兴的; delighted：感到高兴的 7. depress：v. 使人低落; depressing：adj. 令人低落(沮丧)的; depressed：感到沮丧的 8. disappoint: v. 使某人失望; disappointing：adj. 令人失望的; disappointed：adj. 感到失望的 9. discourage：v. 使某人泄气; discouraging：adj. 令人泄气的; discouraged：adj. 感到泄气的 10. disgust：v. 使人厌恶; disgusting：adj. 令人厌恶的; disgusted：adj. 感到厌恶(恶心)的 11. embarrass：v. 使人尴尬; embarrassing：adj. 令人尴尬的; embarrassed：adj. 感到尴尬的 12. encourage：v. 使有勇气; encouraging：adj. 令人鼓舞的; encouraged：adj. 感到鼓舞的 13. excite：v. 使人兴奋; exciting：adj. 令人兴奋的; excited：adj. 感到兴奋的 14. exhaust: v. 使人筋疲力尽; exhausting, adj.令人筋疲力尽的exhausted, adj. 感到筋疲力尽的 15. fright：v. 使人惊恐; frightening：adj. 令人惊恐的; frightened：adj. 感到恐惧(害怕)的 16. frustrate：v. 使人沮丧; frustrating：adj. 令人沮丧的; frustrated：adj. 感到沮丧的 17. inspire：v. 使人鼓舞; inspiring：adj. 令人鼓舞的; inspired：adj. 感到鼓舞的 18. interest：v. 使人有兴趣; interesting：adj. 令人感兴趣的; interested：adj. 感到有兴趣的 19. irritate：v. 使人愤怒; irritating：adj. 令人愤怒的; irritated：adj. 感到愤怒的 20. move：v. 使人感动; moving：adj. 令人感动的; moved：adj. 感动的 21. please：v. 使人愉快; pleasing(pleasant)：adj. 令人愉快的; pleased：adj. 感到快乐的 22. puzzle：v. 使人困惑; puzzling：adj. 让人困惑的; puzzled：adj. 感到困惑的 23. satisfy：v. 使人满意; satisfying(satisfactory)：adj. 令人满意的; satisfied：adj. 感到满意的 24. shock：v. 使人震惊; shocking：adj. 令人震惊的; shocked：adj. 感到震惊的24. sicken：v. 使人恶心; sickening：adj. 令人恶心的; sickened：adj. 感到恶心的 26. surprise：v. 使人惊讶; surprising：adj. 令人惊讶的; surprised：adj. 感到惊讶的 27. terrify：v. 使人害怕; terrifying：adj. 令人害怕的; terrified：adj. 感到害怕的 28. tire：v. 使人疲倦; tiring：adj. 令人疲倦的; tired：adj. 感到疲倦的 29. touch：v. 使人触动; touching：adj. 令人触动的; touched：adj. 感到触动的 30. worry：v. 使人担忧; worrying：adj. 令人担忧的; worried：adj. 感到担忧的
–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别 一、传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个interesting man(有趣的人)。 比较： I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。 He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。 He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。 另一方面，-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动) 由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱，请看下面一题：_____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______？ A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested 此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查what do you think of…与how do you like…的用法区别(两者搭配不同，但意思相同)；二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了，此题的最佳答案应是A。 二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是： 1. 以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如： He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。 第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑； 第二句中的a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)<'Times New Roman'">), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。 2. 以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如： The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 请再比较并体会以下句子： He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
-ED分词 一. –ed分词作前置修饰语 1.来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常带有被动意义和完成意义；而能作上述用法的–ing分词有的来自及物动词，有的来自不及物动词，通常带有主动意义和未完成意义。试比较： frozen food a freezing wind a bored traveler a boring journey a lost cause a losing battle a conquered army a conquering army a finished article the last finishing touch the spoken word a speaking bird a recorded talk a recording machine a closed shop the closing hour written language writing paper 有些-ed分词通常不能单独用作前置修饰语，但若加前缀un-或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+ -ed分词”的复合形容词以后，便可作前置修饰语，例： uninvited guests badly- built house untold sufferings far-fetched reasons unheard-of stories newly-born children
2.来自不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语 来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语，能作这种用法的仅限于retired, escaped, faded, withered, fallen, expired, risen, returned, vanished, grown这几个词，这些前置修饰语仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义，例： a retired worker = a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped the risen sun = the sun that has just risen 某些来自不及物动词的-ed分词，单独一个词不可以作前置修饰语（如不可说“a behaved boy, a traveled businessman”）,但若与某些副词构成复合形容词，便可作前置修饰语，例：well-behaved children = children who behave well a widely-traveled businessman = one who has traveled widely 二. –ed分词作补语 能用作补语的-ed分词也大都来自及物动词。凡是已经形容词化了的-ed分词，大都可以既作名词修饰语又作主语补语或宾语补语，例： The door remains locked.
ed 形容词和–ing 形容词练习 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9a3145854.html,ws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents ______. A.worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry 2.The little boy isn't getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son , she feels very _____________ . A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying 3.After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, _______ . A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring 4.As we all know, typing is a _____ job to a _____ heart. A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring 5.Poor boy! His _______ looks and _______ hands suggested he was very afraid. A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly 6.___ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______ ？ A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested 答案与解析： 1.选A。句中的that punish…the law 是定语从句。句意是：因为他们小孩的违法行为而惩罚其父母，这样的法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。表示人“感到忧虑的”用由过去分词转换而来的形容词。 2.选B。句意是：由于她的儿子令人失望，她感到非常烦恼。表示“令人……的”用-ing 形容词；表示“感到……的”用-ed形容词。 3.选A。此题一方面考查形容词作状语（。此题一方面考查形容词作状语（当形容词用作状语时，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系），另一方面考查形容词tiring 与tired 的用法区别，此处填tired 表示“人感到疲惫的”，即选A。。 4.选C。第一空填tiring，表示“使人劳累的”；第二空填tired，表示“感到劳累的”。 5.选B。第一空填frightened，其意为“感到害怕的”；第二空填trembling 表示动作的进行。也就是说，frightened 说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。 6.选 A 此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查what do you think of…与how do you like…的用法区别（两者搭配不同，但意思相同）；二是考查interesting 与interested 的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing 形容词与-ed 形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了。 二用括号内所给动词的-ed 形式或-ing 形式填空 1.The children were ___ after the trip. （tire） 2.The trip was __ . （tire） 3.The __ children went to bed early after the trip. （tire） 4.The __ trip lasted a whole day. （tire） 5.The trip made the children __ . （tire） 6.The bad weather made the trip ___ . （tire） 7.Tom's parents are ___ at his __ results of the exams．（disappoint） 8._ and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint） 9.It is __ that he didn't pass the examination．（disappoint） 10.When hearing the ___ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were ___________ to look at each other. （surprise）
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
浅析-ed形容词和-ing形容词 英语中有一部分及物动词如interest（使感兴趣）、please（使高兴）、discourage（使泄气）等，与古汉语中的使役性动词用法相似，使宾语处于某种状态。这类动词，有相当一部分它们的分词已经形容词化了。本文就这些形容词化的分词作句子成分的各种情况归纳如下： 一、作表语。-ing形容词作表语，用来表示主语的性质，主语常常由事物充当。这时的-ing 形容词含有主动的意思，本身具有一种影响力；-ed形容词作表语，用来表示主语所处的状态，主语常常是人，这时的-ed形容词含有被动的意思。它表达的某种状态的产生是由于外界事物施加影响的结果。从下面的选择可以看出他们之间的区别。 The film was quite ____and the children were ____to tears. （答案D） A. excited; moved B. exciting; moving C. excited; moving D. exciting;moved 二、作定语。-ing形容词作定语，中心词与其成主动关系，表示中心词所具有的某种性质；-ed形容词作定语，则中心词与其成被动关系，表示中心词所处的状态。例如： 1. The excited people were listening to an exciting speech. 2. The puzzled mother of the girl met Dr. Einstein. 3. The interesting lad made us alive those days. 一般地说，-ing形容词作定语，常修饰“无生命”的事物；-ed形容词作定语常用来修饰“有生命”的事物，如上面的句1，句2。但也不尽然，如果所修饰的中心词是动作的发出者，-ing 形容词也可以修饰“有生命”的事物，如句3，但-ed形容词修饰“无生命”的事物则很少见。三、作宾语补足语。这时取哪种形式则要看其与宾语的关系来确定。如与宾语成主动关系（这时宾语一般由物来充当），用-ing形容词；如与宾语成被动关系（这时宾语一般由人来充当），用-ed形容词。例如： 1. What he said made the listeners puzzled. 2. The song and dancing made the party interesting. 四、作伴随状语。取哪种形式，要由其与主语的关系来定。如果句子主语是伴随状语表示的动作的发出者，用-ing形容词；如果主语是动作或状态的接受者，则用-ed形容词。例如： 1. The great earthquake broke out in Japan, shocking all over the pacific Ocean. 2. He stood there, dumbfounded. 练一练：用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空 1. The children were ____after the trip. （tire） 2. The trip was____. （tire） 3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. （tire） 4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. （tire） 5. The trip made the children____. （tire） 6. The bad weather made the trip____. （tire） 7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams．（disappoint） 8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint） 9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination．（disappoint） 10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. （surprise） 11. He was ____ about his ____ son. （worry） 12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy） 13. He was ____with the ____person. （annoy） 14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. （frighten） 15. The situation here is ____and we are____. （encourage）
一，现在进行时 Ⅰ现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在look 看（后面有明显的“！”） listen 听（后面有明显的“！”） Ⅲ现在分词的构成 ①一般在动词结尾处加ing go—going look--looking ②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。write—writing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. get—getting run—running ( swim, run, put, get, sit, begin) Ⅳ现在进行时的构成 肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状？ Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are Eg Yes, he is. 否定回答：No, 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t Eg: No, he isn’t. 二，一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用: yesterday ,last week(month,year), in 1990 （1）系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was, are →were 陈述句：He was at home yesterday. 否定句：He wasn’t at home yesterday. 疑问句：Was he at home yesterday? Yes ,he was./No ,he wasn’t. （2）行为动词的一般过去时: 陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie. 否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school. 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t. Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t. （3）规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则例词 一般在词尾加—ed. play→played 以不发音的e结尾的，只加--d. like →liked love →loved 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y为i ,再加—ed. study →studied carry →carried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop →stopped plan →planned
以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词练习 1. Yesterday our head teacher made such an ________ speech that we all felt _________. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting 2. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keep her colleagues ____________ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 3. Jack knows ________ little English that he has never found an ________ job. A. such; exciting B. so; exciting C. such; excited D. so; excited 4. When he heard the ________ news that an earthquake occurred in Sichuan, a ________ look came into his face. A. frightened; frightened B. frightened; frightening C. frightening; frightening D. frightening; frightened 5. From the ________ look on his face, I could tell that he failed in the exam. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. excited D. exciting 6. Those relatives were ________ people. After a few days, I was getting ________ and homesick. A. boring; boring B. bored; bored C. bored; boring D. boring; bored 7. We’re ________ at the _______ news that the Japanese government claimed to nationalize the Diaoyu Islands foolishly. A. amazing; amazed B. amaze; amazing C. amazed; amazing D. amazed; amazed 8. The questions the reporter asked sometimes were ________ and they made me ________. A. embarrassed; embarrassing B. embarrassing; embarrassed C. embarrassed; embarrassed D. embarrassing; embarrassing 9. Find the ________ look on the students’ faces, the professor felt ________ about his explanation. A. confusing; embarrassed B. confused; embarrassed C. confused; embarrassing D. confusing; embarrassing 10. From his _______ look, I could see that he didn’t believe what I said. A. amazing B. amaze C. amazed D. amazement 11. _________, She stood and stared while the police arrested her husband. A. Amazing B. Being amazed C. Amazed D. Amazement 12. From their ________ looks we can see that they were _________ by the question. (puzzle) 13. It’s ___________ to do the difficult task. (embarrass) 14. I am ___________ at the news. (amaze) 15. Tom told us a lot of _____________ stories. (amaze) CABDA DCBBC C 12puzzled; puzzled 13embarrassing 14 amazed 15 amazing
ing形式和ed形式 一般来说，动词的ing形式和ed形式都可以用来做形容词。ing形式是用来形容事物的，意为：令人（感到）……，使人（感到）……。而ed形式是用来形容人的，意为：（人）（感到）……。例如: I was excited when I got the exciting news. 当我听到这个令人兴奋的消息，我很高兴/兴奋。 ⑴interest v. 使.......感兴趣 interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的 interested adj. 感兴趣的 ⑵relax relaxing relaxed ⑶please pleasing pleased ⑷bore boring bored ⑸surprise surprising surprised ⑹excite Exciting Excited ⑺annoy annoying annoyed ⑻confuse confusing confused ⑼disgust disgusting disgusted ⑽thrill thrilling thrilled ⑾exhaust exhausting exhausted ⑿embarrass embarrassing embarrassed ⒀fascinate fascinating Fascinated ⒁worry worrying worried ⒂frighten frightening frightened 1.The sight of the boat going under water was __________ ( worry) 2. Huck got _______ (excite) when he realized there was someone on the boat. 3. The men with the gun had a ________ (satisfy) expression in his face. 4. The man on the floor was clearly ___________ (frighten) . 5. Huck and Jim had lots of ___________ (frighten)experiences on the river. 6. I didn’t know you were ___________ (interest) in Mark Twain. 7. Yes, I find his novels very ________ (excite) 8. Twain certainly had an unusual and ____________ (interest) life.
-ED分词 -ED分词 -ED分词（-ED Participle）即传统语法所指的“过去分词”（Past Participle）, 是非限定动词之一。 -ED分词有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED 构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。 一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别 虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义；-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。 1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态 The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much. The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen. That piece of land lay deserted. 2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况 1) Having been served lunch，_________ . ［A］the problem was discussed by the members of the committee ［B］the committee members discussed the problem ［C］it was discussed by the committee members the problem ［D］a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research，Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health. [A] She is noted primarily [B] Noted primarily [C] Primarily is noted [D] She primarily noted (B) 3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today，___________ . ［A］a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez ［B］Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays ［C］a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written ［D］there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时，①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；
–e d形容词和–i n g形容词的用法区别 一、传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个interestingman(有趣的人)。 比较： I’minterestedininterestingpeople.我对有趣的人感兴趣。Hewasworriedabouthisworryingson.他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。Hewasannoyedwiththeannoyingperson.他对这个讨厌的人很生气。 另一方面，-ed形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： afrightenedlook害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) afrighteninglook吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) anexcitedtalk心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) anexcitingtalk令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动) 由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱，请看下面一题： _____doyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?Ishe_______？ ,,,,interested 此题考查两方面的知识点：一是考查whatdoyouthinkof…与howdoyoulike…的用法区别(两者搭配不同，但意思相同)；二是考查interesting与interested的用法区别。若套用以上关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，则可能将答案锁定为D。但是错了，此题的最佳答案应是A。 二、正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是： 1.以后缀–ed结尾的形容词(如 ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,w orried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如： Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。 第一句中的apleasedsmile意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑； 第二句中的averyexcitedvoice指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为air(神 态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情 绪)<'TimesNewRoman'">),mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。 2.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如 delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying等)
2017高考英语易错词汇解析：travel，trip用法区别 travel，trip，journey的用法区别 三者均可表示“旅行”，区别如下： 1. travel 泛指一般意义的旅行，是不可数名词。如： He is fond of travel (= travelling)。他喜欢旅行。 Travel is much cheaper than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去便宜多了。 注：有时可用复数形式，主要指时间较长的各处旅行，此时通常有物主代词修饰，但是尽管用了复数形式，却不能与 many 或数词连用。如： He‘s gone off on his travels again. 他又外出旅行了。 另外，travel 通常只是泛指旅行，而不特指某次具体的旅行，所以通常不说：How was your travel? 2. journey 通常指远距离的陆地旅行，并且不一定要返回到出发地(即通常指单程)。如： I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。 He made a journey to Beijing. 他去北京旅行了。 注：journey 有时并不指真正意义的“旅行”，而只是表示走过一段距离。如： How long is your journey to work? 你上班要走多远? 3. trip 通常指近距离的为了办事或消遣而进行旅行，并且往往要回到出发点(即指双程)，不过有时 trip 也可指远距离的长途旅行，可与 journey 换用，比 journey 更通俗。如： A：Where is John? 约翰在哪里? B：He‘s on a trip to Shanghai. 他去上海旅行了。 He‘ll make a round-the-world trip. 他将周游世界。 1