2020届高考英语写作专题学案：现在分词V-ing与过去分词V-ed作状语写作基本句型训练(六)

2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习精练现在分词和过去分词一、用适当的非谓语动词形式填空1. The stude nt was caught _____ (cheat) in the college entrance exam in atio n.2. When I got there, I found him ________ (repair) farm tools.3. When I got there, I found the farm tools ______ . (repair)4. Just the n he heard some one _____ (call) for help.5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _____ . (raise)6. The miss ing boys were last see n _____ (play) n ear the river.7. _________ (pare) with the old one, the new buildi ng looks more beautiful.8. The workers had the machi nes ______ (run) all ni ght long to finish the work on time.9. People in the south have their houses _____ (make) of bamboo.10. ______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.二、单项选择题1. ____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of thecity.A. To seeB. See nC. SeeingD. See2. All thi ngs ___ , the pla nned trip will have to be called off.A. be con sideredB. con sideri ngC. havi ng con sideredD. con sidered3. ____ the big sn ake, the little girl stood un der the tree _____ out of her life.A. Saw; frighte nedB. Seen; frighte nedC. To see; frighte ningD. Seeing; frighte ned4. Gen erally speak ing, ___ accord ing to the direct ions, the drug has no side effect.A. When tak ingB. whe n take nC. whe n to takeD. whe n to be take n5. The research is so desig ned that once ____ nothing can be done to cha nge it.A. begi nsB. begu nC. begi nningD. havi ng begu n6. ____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. being foun dedB. Foun dedC. It was foun dedD. Founding7. If you go to Xi' an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than monly ________________A. supposedB. suppos ingC. to supposeD.suppose8. ____ more atte nti on, the tree could have grow n better.A. Give nB. To giveC. Givi ngD. Hav ing give n9. In order not to be disturbed, I spe nt three hours ____ i n my study.A. lock ingB. to lockC. lockedD. being locked10. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high atall.A. When paredB. pareC. While pari ngD. pari ng11. Mrs. Bush stood ______ for a mome nt whe n an old soldier sudde nly appeared before her.A. surprisedB. surpris ingC. being surprisedD. to be surprised12. ___ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leavi ngB. LeftC. To be leftD. Havi ng left13. ___ to plete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A. Bei ng determ inedB. On hav ing determ ined14. ____ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.A. Being settledB. Having settledC. SettledD. Settling15. __ to work overtime that evening, I missed an important appointment. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked16. _____ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary. A. Having not known B. Not to know C. Don ' t knowD. Not knowing17. You can fly to the UK this morning ____ you don ' t mind changing planes in HongA. becauseB. providedC. unless21,000 dollars.分词专练 Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA 分词专练 Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA 分词专练 Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA 分词专练 Keys:1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired4. calling5. raised6. playing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBAC. DeterminedD. To be determinedKong.D. so far as18.in this way, the situation doesn ' t seem so disappointing.A. To lookB. Looking atC. Looked atD. To be looked at 19. in a recent sciencepetition,the three students were awarded scholarshiptotalingA. To be judged the bestB. Judged the bestC. Having judged the bestD. Judging the best 20. A cool rain was falling,with snow. A. mixed B. mixingC. to mixD. having mixed分词专练Keys:1. cheat ing2. repairi ng3. repaired4. call ing5. raised6. play ing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA分词专练Keys:1. cheat ing2. repairi ng3. repaired4. call ing5. raised6. play ing7. pared8. running9. made 10. Lost1~5 DDDBB 6~10 BAACA 11~15 ABCCA 16~20 DBCBA2019-2020年高考英语语法专题复习精练虚拟语气一、知识网络1.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气①基本形式：③虚拟语气中的倒装句：省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式.Had I not take n his advice, I would n't have lived to this day.④含蓄条件句：with without otherwise/or if only but （for）even if/though 暗示条件.But for the soldiers, they could n't have bee n saved. （ If it had not bee n for …）2. 名词性从句找中的虚拟语气①主语从句在It is necessary / important / strange that …;It is suggested / demanded / ordered /requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should+v.②宾语从句wish后宾语从句：与现在事实相反：过去式；与过去事实相反：过去完成式；与将来事实相反：should/would+v.一坚持insist ，两命令order, mand，三建议suggest, advise, propose ，四要求require, request, dema nd, desire 后宾语从句中动词为（should ）+v.③表语从句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan /advice / idea / request 后的表语从句中，（should ）+v.+v.④同位语从句在suggestion / proposal / order / plan /advice / idea / request 后的同位语从句中，（should ）3. 状语从句中的虚拟语气as if/though as if 引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式 even if/though He might have give n us some help, eve n if he was very busy.in order that / so that 引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might / would等+v.4. 其它形式的虚拟语气It is (about/high ) time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+v.would rather 所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式If only 句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 二、巩固练习 1. If we ___ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn ' t have been so successful. 【12山东】A. haven ' t madeB. wouldn ' t makeC. didn ' t makeD. hadn ' t made 2. — Why didn ' t Tom give you one of his paintings?—I didn ' t want one , but he would have given me one if I ________ .A. didB. wouldC. willD. had—But for the sudde n rain we ____ a won derful time. A. will have B. should have had C. should have D. had12. Grace does n't want to move to New York because she thi nks if she there, she ________would n't be able to see her pare nts very ofte n. 【12 安徽】 A. lives B. would live C. were to live D. hav ing asked 13. _____ for the free tickets , I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not14. Jane ' s pale face suggested that she _____ ill , and her parents suggested thatshe a medical exam in ati on. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 15. The leader, _____ the rule unfair for women , suggested it _______ . A. finding; banned B. to find; banned C. found; to be banned D. finding; be banned 16. ___ t his after noon, you would have to e aga in n ext week.A. The boss didn ' t returnB. The boss were not to returnC. Were the boss not to returnD. Didn ' t the boss return 17. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ___ more places of in terestyesterday. 【12福建】A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited3. Madonna _____ a straight - A student, but it was dancing that she was really crazy about. A. must be B. could be C. must have bee n D. could have bee n4. — Mike , it's a pity you didn ' t e to last night ' s concert . It was really great! —Really? If I _____ so busy , 1 would have gone with you.A. had n't beenB. weren ' tC. shouldn ' t beD. would n ' t be 5. — Mary looks sad and disappo in ted. — So ____ you if you had failed the NMET.A. doB. didC. willD. would 6. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn ' t you tell me? 【 12 北京】A. should faceB. might faceC. could have facedD. must have faced7. — Howdangerous it was! — Yes, but for the passer- by ' s quick action, the girl __________________A. was drow nedB. could have bee n drow nedC. had drow nedD. should be drow ned 8. When you phoned me, I was havi ng a meeti ng, otherwise I ____ your call. A. an swered B. would an swer C. had an swered D. would have an swered9. It is required that the students _______ using one.A. not use; will you see C. don ' t use; will you see 10. — Why didn ' t you buy the gold ring? A. would haveB. bought 11. — I hear your jour ney was not very pleasa nt.mobile phones in their school B. should not use; you will see D. not use; you will see—I _____ , but I did n ' C. would like to ,so seldom t have the money. D. had boughtthem18. — _____ the bike be repaired by him? —No，I'd rather he _______ it repaired.A. Will; hasB. Shall; hadC. Should; haveD. Can;has19. —Don't you want to go to a karaoke bar with us?—I wish I ___ , but I have an appointment.A. mayB. couldC. canD. should20. Had the visiting delegation set out earlier this morning, they _____ the airport sofar.A. might reachB. may have reachedC. might have reachedD. may reach虚拟语气答案1-10 DDDAD CBDAA 11-20 BCCBD CDBBC。

V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比一、作表语：主语+系动词+表语（系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）看主语是人或物V-ed人: I am bored.V-ing物:The film is boring.※“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态：They were trapped.(状态)They were trapped by the flood.(动作)二、作定语：单个分词+名词/代词；名词/代词+分词短语（分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句）看与所修饰词的关系：V-ed被动、完成：guests（who were）invited to the party; a developed country V-ing主动、进行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country※a reading room—a room for reading(V-ing表用途)三、作宾补：看与宾语的关系：V-ed被动、完成；V-ing主动、进行1、感官动词（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+宾语+宾补eg.①I saw a man knocked down by a car just now.②I hear a girl singing in the next room.2、使役动词（have, make, get, keep, leave）+宾语+宾补eg.①Have you got your films developed?②I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义eg. He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by all the people at the meeting.※“have+sth+done”表示：主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的事/使某事被做3、表示“希望、要求”的动词（want, wish, like, expect, order）+宾语+宾补也可在V-ed前加to beeg. The boss wouldn’t like the problem (to be) discussed.4、“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.四、作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句。

高考探究之V-ing 作定语、状语授课教师：吉金金授课班级：高三（六）Teaching Aims:⒈Aims to enable students to have a good understanding about the characteristics of V-ing form, especially when it acts as an attributive and an adverbial in a sentence.⒉To lean the new trend about V-ing from as an attributive and an adverbial in the exam.Key Points:To make students know about ways to answering questions on V-ing form in the exam.Teaching Difficulties:⒈How to find out the logical subject of the V-ing form in a sentence?⒉How to judge the tense and the voice of the V-ing form?Teaching Methods: Explanation and PracticeTeaching Aids: Multi-mediaTeaching Procedures:Step 1: Revision of the knowledge we have learned before, which includes the usage of V-ing form as an attributive and the tense and voice when it is used as an adverbial. Two questions lead in this part.Q1: Peter received a letter just now ____ his grandma would come to see him soon.A. saidB. saysC. sayingD. to sayQ2. _____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realizedStep 2: Explain some important points. After that, do the relevant exercises.The revision of V-ing form used as an attributive and adverbial.The manager, having made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.二、V-ing 作定语a dancing girl 正在跳舞的女孩a sleeping baby 正在睡觉的婴儿a swimming girl 正在游泳的女孩a train leaving for Shanghai 开往上海的火车a road leading to the village 通往乡村的小路小结1：单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前，分词短语作定语，放在所修饰名词之后。

v-ing形式作状语v—ing形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系.v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用,也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。

1. 作时间状语Hearing this news， she got frightened。

听到这个消息，她感到害怕。

Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.Turning around ， he saw a tiger running up。

2. 作结果状语The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。

The child slipped and fell， hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired， killing many people in the street。

3。

作伴随状语He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window。

He came running。

She stood waiting for a bus。

He sat there reading a book。

The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.4. 作原因状语Being a student, I must study hard。

作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。

动词-ing和-ed形式分词是非谓语动词的一种，在句中起形容词和副词的作用。

可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。

分词有两种：现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)。

分词的句法功能（一）作表语（二）作定语（单个分词做前置定语；分词短语做后置定语）1. 过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成或者只表示完成，如fallen leaves(落叶)。

2. 分词作定语常常相当于一个定语从句。

如：Those wishing to join this club should sign here.= Those who wish to join the club should sign here.The man, disturbed(扰乱;使干扰;使不安) so badly, almost lost his memory.=The man, who was disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.（三）作状语（四） 作宾语补足语【注意】分词作状语可以转化成相应的状语从句，如：1. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.= After he took a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.2. Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.= As/Because/Since he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.3. Given more time, we could do it better.= If we were given more time, we could do it better.4. Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.Practice makes perfect!-c).2. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. What is the function ofeach verb form?Last Tuesday, a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community. As I walked down No. 1 Street, I saw volunteers 1 ____________ (encourage) people to join in. 2 _________ (inspire) by the message of the project, many people felt that we should act now, as we have seen an 3 ___________ (increase) number of highly 4 __________ (pollute) days this year.While recently, many have become more concerned about environmental protection, there are still some who haven’t, 5 ________ (think) that someone else will deal with theproblem. However, if everybody had that attitude, we would never see any environmental problems 6 ________ (solve) in our society. We should remember — it’s not just “me”!3. 【语境应用】完成句子。

现在分词作状语在写作中的应用首先我们得了解以下知识点：1.现在分词具有动词的一些特征，所以现在分词也有时态与语态的变化，具体如下：现在分词的一般式(以do为例）：主动：doing被动being done现在分词的完成式：主动：having done被动having been done2.现在分词具有形容词和副词的句法功能，所以分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、补语与状语的功能作用。

针对在写作中的实际作用，本文将对现在分词做状语进行讲解。

一、现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：V-ing例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。

可以用时间状语从句替换：When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2：Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。

可以用时间状语从句替换：When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.【仿写练习】看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。

1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后，Roy 决定向Jane道歉。

现在分词(V-ing)作定语和状语语法聚焦(现在分词作定语和状语)课前预习案学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。

动词--ing形式作定语和状语I.ing 形式作定语1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。

现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。

如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。

如：a moving film, a developing country.II. ing 形式作状语动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。

句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。

1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。

2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。

2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。

1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。

2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。

现在,过去分词用法及习题解析版非谓语动词讲解及训练现在分词动词的-ing形式：动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。

有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。

所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。

动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。

一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. I found him lying on the ground.完成式：having+动词的过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前e.g. Do you remember having promised me that?被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者e.g. I ca n’t stand being treated like that.否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或nevere.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.1.作表语，相当于形容词。

1)The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。

2)The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来激动人心。

（起形容词作用的动词的ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。

如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing,disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）pleasing, etc.）2.作定语exciting news激动人心的消息a tiring day 累人的一天1) The man running over there is our chairman.=The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。

写作基本句型训练（六）学习内容：现在分词V-ing与过去分词V-ed作状语教学步骤：Step1.学习并翻译下列的句子：1.Hearing the news, they got excited.(时间)2.The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(结果)3.They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.(伴随)4.Having failed to reach them on phone, we sent an email instead.(原因)5.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him.(原因)6.Not having received the invitation, he wouldn’t come to the party.(原因)7.Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion.(时间)8.Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.(原因)思考：①划分上述句子成分找出V-ing与V-ed分词在句中充当什么成分：______________例如：Hearing the news, they got excited.？主系表②V-ing与V-ed分词的逻辑主语是什么_________，其与各句主语是否一致？____③V-ing与V-ed分词与句子的主语存在什么关系：_______（主动/被动），V-ing 与V-ed分词作状语有什么区别________.④V-ing与V-ed分词作状语的否定形式各是什么：___________________________⑤having done 与V-ing作状语有什么区别：______________________________⑥分词作状语时可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随等。

分词用法纵横Name Date1. 分词：动词的-ed/-ing形式2．现在分词的语法作用：（1）多表示主语所具有的特征: This story is amazing.（2）表示正在进行的主动的动作: a sleeping child.3. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词基本用法：过去分词只有一般式没有完成式。

过去分词在意义上最主要特点是表被动，在时间上它可以表示多种关系：(1) 表示已经发生的动作：Born in a poor family, he could not go to school. 因生于贫穷家庭，他上不起学。

Built in 1501，the bridge is over 500 years old. 这座桥建于1501年，已有五百多年的历史。

(2) 表示经常性动作或泛指概念：He is a man loved by all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。

The woman talked about is very rich. 人们经常谈论的那个女人很有钱。

【注】the woman talked about也可表示“已被人们谈论过的那个女人”。

(3) 表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的动作：Asked why he came, he kept silent. 问他为什么要来，他一言不发。

He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘书。

(4) 表示现在或过去(当时)的状态：The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind. 凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。

一、—ing 形式具体用法：动词ing形式有动词原形+ing构成。

动词ing形式能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独或独立做谓语。

【-ing VS -ed】1, After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys____ to go to school. (97,1)A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged2, ____,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. (97,6)A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal3, All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. (98,6)A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered4, The house was very quiet, ____as it was on the side of a mountain. (99,6)A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated5, This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ____both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (99,6)A) being B) been C) to be D) having been6, Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____ in Cuba. (00,1)A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating7, ____in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. (00,1)A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at8, You will see this product ____ wherever you go. (00,6)A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising9, ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. (00,12)A) To be judged the best B) having judged the best C) Judged the best D) Judging the best10, From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A) marking B) having been marked C) marked D) to be marked11, She stood by the window, ____.A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks12, ____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing13, The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write14, It ____ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.A) is B) being C) turned D) got15, ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing16, The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding17, ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting.A) Having defeated B) To have defeatedC) Having been defeated D) To have been defeated18, ____neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be accused of D) That he was accused of19, ___ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.A) He is remembered B) While being rememberedC) To be remembered D) Though remembered20, ____ that they are fresh from university, the young people have done a good job.A) Given B) Because C) Giving D) AsV-ing VS V-ed】6-10 ACBCC 11-15 AACBA 16-20 BCADA。

V-ing （现在分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二．现在分词作状语辨析：动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。

辨析：（1）动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。

（2）动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only 连用，构成“only to dosth.”三．连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语，省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ，表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语，相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because hehad eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语，相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语，相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。

Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语，可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。

动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语法精析动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式作表语一、动词不定式作表语1．表示目的。

The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。

2．表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果或预言。

You must tell me about it，if we are to remain friends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须告诉我那件事。

3．用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见。

What am I to say if they ask me the question?要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？4．用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义。

You are to be rewarded.你应该受到奖励。

(should)These books are not to be sold.这些书不应该卖掉。

(ought not to be)5．表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。

They are to marry next week.他们将在下周结婚。

(安排)Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。

(禁止)You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.想要成功，你就必须有耐心和毅力。

(愿望)二、动词-ing形式作表语1．动词-ing形式可以在句中作表语，说明主语“是什么”。

作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。

表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。

非谓语动词（一）V-ing和V-ed英语中, 非谓语动词包括v-ing,v-ed和不定式(to do)三种形式。

其中，V-ing形式又分为动名词和现在分词。

它们在句中的作用如下表：主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式(to do) √√√√√√动名词(v-ing) √√√√××现在分词(v-ing) ××√√√√过去分词(v-ed) ××√√√√（一）动名词动名词的各种形式：动名词主动形式被动形式一般式(not) doing ( not) being done 完成式（只用于做宾语）(not) having done (not) having been doneI、动名词作主语动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。

1._________(smoke) is harmful to our health.2._______(keep) a balanced diet and______(take) regular exercise are beneficial to ourhealth.3. ______________ (bring) up in that environment has had a big effect on him.4. _______unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academicresearch.5. _____________(expose) too much to the sunlight will do harm to your skin.6. ______________(admit) to a key university is a proud thing to a family.7. _____________(master) a foreign language needs hard work.注意：动名词作主语时，可以用it作形式主语。

现在分词和过去分词作状语现在分词Ving表示主动关系，正在进行的动作过去分词Ved表示被动关系，已经完成的动作逻辑概念He went out, shutting the door behind him.Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。

这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in （穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.时间概念Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. Having finished his h omework, he went home.Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.现在分词（v-ing）做状语，表示动作与主句中的谓语动词的动作同时发生(表示伴随)，或在主句中的谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后发生。

现在分词(v-ing) 做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词共用一个主语（1）Knowing that they were going to the factory next week, the students began to make preparations（2）He came up to me, saying, “Glad to see you again”（3）Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.（4）Lying in her bed, she felt so comfortable（5）He died, leaving a lot of money to his wife.过去分词（非谓语动词）做状语时，和主句中的谓语动词动共用一个主语简单句（1）The city was destroyed(破坏) during the war.（2）It has now been rebuilt.复合句Destroyed during the war, the city has now been rebuilt.同义句转化The car was damaged(损坏) in an accident. It has now been repaired.He was born nearly a hundred years ago. He remembers a world without aeroplanes.The boxer was knocked out in his first match. He has never been the same since.He was bitten twice by our dog. He was afraid to come to our house again.I found the front door locked. I went to the back.I saw the front door open. I went in.My father needed some exercise. He walked to she shops.Jenny tidied her desk drawers. She found some money in an envelope.一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1. He continued to walk up and down，_____ (lost) in thought．2.When ____ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．3. Once __ (recover) he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.4. ____(see) his mother，the baby burst into laughter．5. ____with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. CompareB. When comparingC. ComparingD. When compared6. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not fo und in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedHaving been separated D. To be separated7. __a____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed8.All night long he lay awake, ___b____ how to drive the American invaders back home. A. to thi nk B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 9.__a____good , the food was sold out soon.A. TastingB. TastedC. Being tastedD. Having been tasted 10.___a___the big snake, th e little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening一、二、注意点1、否定形式（前面加not）Not given a chance, he felt disappointed.Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for help.2、不及物动词、连系动词常用现在分词做定语、状语等；及物动词常用过去分词。