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（0089）《专业英语》网上作业题答案1：第一次作业短语英译汉
2：第二次作业短语汉译英
3：第三次作业单项选择
4：第四次作业单项选择
5：第五次作业翻译
6：第六次作业写作
参考答案：
1、数字（激光）视盘，DVD
2. （文）字处理程序
3. 存储（器）芯片，内存芯片
4. 密码电报
5. 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机
6. 集成电路
7. 电子邮件网规，电子邮件网络礼节
8. 电子邮件常规
9. 点击图标
10. 密件，秘密文件
11. 密级信息
12. 签名文件
13. 主存储器
14. 虚拟存储器，虚拟内存
15. 分时段的多任务处理
16. 桌面操作系统
17. 电子游戏机
18. 电子数据表程序，电子制表程序
19. 存储寄存器
20. 函数语句
21. 关系（型）语言
22. 面向对象语言
23. 汇编语言
24. 中间语言，中级语言
25. 人工智能
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1£®A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term "hardware¡±refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer's input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.
2. Many schools and businesses have established e-mail privacy policies, which explain the condition under which you can and cannot expect your e-mail to remain private. These policies are
sometimes displayed when the computer boots or a new user logs in. Court decisions, however, seem to support the notion that because an organization owns and operates an e-mail system, the e-mail message on that system are also the property of the organization. The individual who authors an e-mail message does not own all rights related to it. The company or school that supplies your e-mail account can, therefore, legally monitor your messages. You should use your e-mail account with the expectation that some of your mail will be read from time to time. Think of your e-mail as a postcard, rather than a letter, and save your controversial comments for face-to-face conversations.
3£®Multitasking, in computer science, is a mode of operation offered by an operating system in which a computer works on more than one task at a time. There are several types of multitasking. Context switching is a very simple type of multitasking in which two or more applications are loaded at the same time but only the foreground application is given processing time; to activate a background task, the user must bring the window or screen containing that application to the front. In cooperative multitasking, background tasks are given processing time during idle times in the foreground task (such as when the application waits for a keystroke), and only if the application allows it. In time-slice multitasking, each task is given the microprocessor's attention for a fraction of a second. To maintain order, tasks are either assigned priority levels or processed in sequential order. Because the user's sense of time is much slower than the processing speed of the computer, time-slice multitasking operations seem to be simultaneous.
4. One especially powerful feature of OOP (objected-oriented programming) languages is a property which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on the characteristics and functions of other objects to which it is functionally connected. Programmers connect objects by grouping them together in different classes and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. These classes and hierarchies allow programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objects without needing to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using OOP languages can greatly reduce the time it takes for a programmer to write an application, and also reduce the size of the program. OOP languages are flexible and adaptable, so programs or parts of programs can be used for more than one task. Programs written with OOP languages are generally shorter in length and contain fewer bugs, or mistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.
5. In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs-for example, a cursor that does not behave as expected-can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to "hang¡± (stop responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the nest update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents the problem or otherwise reduces its effects.
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