初中英语宾语从句
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宾语从句
宾语从句,在复合句中充当主句宾语的句子。
一、宾语从句的构成
主句+连接词+句子
二、连接词
that ,if,whether
连接词 连接代词: what,which,who,whom,whose
连接副词:when ,where,why,how,
1.that,1无词义;2,在从句中不充当句子成分;3,可省略
例句:He said (that )Kate was good at swimming.
主句主语 宾语从句 主系表结构
主句谓语
that在此句中只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何句子成分。
2.if,whether,1.有词义; 2,不充当任何句子成分··
例句:He asked me
(if\whether)he could smoke here.
主句主语 间宾 宾语从句 主谓宾结构
主句谓语
If、wether在此句中译为: 是否,在从句中不做任何句子成分。
If和whether的用法辨析:
If和whether 在宾语从句中词义相同,大多数情况下可互换。
只用whether的情况:
1. 介词后面的宾语从句,用“whether”
Our success depends on whether we work on.
我们的成功取决与我们是否努力。
2. 与“or not”连用时,用“whether”
I want to know whether he will arrive on time or not.
我想知道他是否能准时到达。
3. 宾语前置时,用“whether”
Whether it is true or not,I can’t tell.
3.连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which,有词义,在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
例句:Do you know (who)will teach us our English this term?
主句主语
宾从主语(谁)
主谓宾结构
主句谓语
例句:Did you hear (what )he said?
主句主语 宾从宾语(什么) 主谓宾结构
主句谓语
例句:I don’t know (whose )football it is.
主句主语 宾从定语(谁的) 主系表结构
主句谓语
例句:Could you tell me (which )book is better.
主句主语 宾从定语(哪一个) 主系表结构
主句谓语
例句:I want to know (whom )you are waiting for .
主句主语 宾从宾语 主谓宾结构
主句谓语 3.连接副词when、why、where、how以及how的组合型疑问词,有词义,在从句中做状语。
例句:We don’t know (when )you usually go to school.
主句主语
宾从状语 主谓宾结构
主句谓语
例句:I want to know (where )he bought this cup.
主句主语 宾从状语 主谓宾结构
主句谓语
例句:Can you tell me (how)I get to the bus station.
主句主语 宾从状语 主谓宾结构
主句谓语
例句:Please explain (why )you were late for school.
主句主语 宾从状语 主系表结构
主句谓语
三、宾语从句的时态
1.主现从也现:主句现在时,从句时态看语境。(需要性原则)
2.主过从也过:主句过去时,从句用过去的某种时态(呼应原则)
3.客观真理永现在:从句是客观事实、真理用一般现在时(特殊原则)
例句:I want to know
(where )he bought this cup.
主句一般现在时
宾从句过去时
例句:Do you know (who)will teach us our English this term?
主句一般现在时 宾从将来时
例句: I only knew (that)he was studying in a western country.
主句过去时 宾从过去进行时
例句:He told me (that)he had told Mary about the meeting already.
主句过去时 宾从过去完成时
例句: My mother told me (that)a friend in need is a friend indeed.
主句过去时 宾从一般现在时
例句: He said (that) the sun is bigger than the earth.
主句过去时 宾从一般现在时
四、宾语从句的语序
1.宾语从句用陈述语序:从句中即使是有疑问句也要用陈述语序。
例句:We don’t know
(when )you usually go to school.
陈述语序
疑问语序:when do you usually go to school?
例句:I want to know (where )he bought this cup.
陈述语序
疑问语序:where did he buy this cup?
例句:I want to know (whom )you are waiting for .
陈述语序
疑问语序:whom are you waiting for?
五、宾语从句简化
1.宾语从句的主语和从句主语相同,且主句的谓语动词为hope, wish,
decide, agree, choose ,know, forget ,learn等词汇时,从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”。
例句:He hopes
(that) he will be back soon.
主句主语 和 从句主语 相同
=He hopes to be back soon.
不定式
例句:He don’t know ( where) he will go.
主句主语 和 从句主语 相同
=He don’t know where to go.
不定式
2.当tell, ask ,show, teach等动词后带双宾语,且间接宾语和从句主语一致。从句可简化为:“疑问词+不定式”“结构。
例句: Can you tell me how I can get to the library.
主句的宾语 和 从句主语 相同
=Can you tell me how to get to the library.
不定式