初中英语宾语从句

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宾语从句

宾语从句,在复合句中充当主句宾语的句子。

一、宾语从句的构成

主句+连接词+句子

二、连接词

that ,if,whether

连接词 连接代词: what,which,who,whom,whose

连接副词:when ,where,why,how,

1.that,1无词义;2,在从句中不充当句子成分;3,可省略

例句:He said (that )Kate was good at swimming.

主句主语 宾语从句 主系表结构

主句谓语

that在此句中只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何句子成分。

2.if,whether,1.有词义; 2,不充当任何句子成分··

例句:He asked me

(if\whether)he could smoke here.

主句主语 间宾 宾语从句 主谓宾结构

主句谓语

If、wether在此句中译为: 是否,在从句中不做任何句子成分。

If和whether的用法辨析:

If和whether 在宾语从句中词义相同,大多数情况下可互换。

只用whether的情况:

1. 介词后面的宾语从句,用“whether”

Our success depends on whether we work on.

我们的成功取决与我们是否努力。

2. 与“or not”连用时,用“whether”

I want to know whether he will arrive on time or not.

我想知道他是否能准时到达。

3. 宾语前置时,用“whether”

Whether it is true or not,I can’t tell.

3.连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which,有词义,在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

例句:Do you know (who)will teach us our English this term?

主句主语

宾从主语(谁)

主谓宾结构

主句谓语

例句:Did you hear (what )he said?

主句主语 宾从宾语(什么) 主谓宾结构

主句谓语

例句:I don’t know (whose )football it is.

主句主语 宾从定语(谁的) 主系表结构

主句谓语

例句:Could you tell me (which )book is better.

主句主语 宾从定语(哪一个) 主系表结构

主句谓语

例句:I want to know (whom )you are waiting for .

主句主语 宾从宾语 主谓宾结构

主句谓语 3.连接副词when、why、where、how以及how的组合型疑问词,有词义,在从句中做状语。

例句:We don’t know (when )you usually go to school.

主句主语

宾从状语 主谓宾结构

主句谓语

例句:I want to know (where )he bought this cup.

主句主语 宾从状语 主谓宾结构

主句谓语

例句:Can you tell me (how)I get to the bus station.

主句主语 宾从状语 主谓宾结构

主句谓语

例句:Please explain (why )you were late for school.

主句主语 宾从状语 主系表结构

主句谓语

三、宾语从句的时态

1.主现从也现:主句现在时,从句时态看语境。(需要性原则)

2.主过从也过:主句过去时,从句用过去的某种时态(呼应原则)

3.客观真理永现在:从句是客观事实、真理用一般现在时(特殊原则)

例句:I want to know

(where )he bought this cup.

主句一般现在时

宾从句过去时

例句:Do you know (who)will teach us our English this term?

主句一般现在时 宾从将来时

例句: I only knew (that)he was studying in a western country.

主句过去时 宾从过去进行时

例句:He told me (that)he had told Mary about the meeting already.

主句过去时 宾从过去完成时

例句: My mother told me (that)a friend in need is a friend indeed.

主句过去时 宾从一般现在时

例句: He said (that) the sun is bigger than the earth.

主句过去时 宾从一般现在时

四、宾语从句的语序

1.宾语从句用陈述语序:从句中即使是有疑问句也要用陈述语序。

例句:We don’t know

(when )you usually go to school.

陈述语序

疑问语序:when do you usually go to school?

例句:I want to know (where )he bought this cup.

陈述语序

疑问语序:where did he buy this cup?

例句:I want to know (whom )you are waiting for .

陈述语序

疑问语序:whom are you waiting for?

五、宾语从句简化

1.宾语从句的主语和从句主语相同,且主句的谓语动词为hope, wish,

decide, agree, choose ,know, forget ,learn等词汇时,从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”。

例句:He hopes

(that) he will be back soon.

主句主语 和 从句主语 相同

=He hopes to be back soon.

不定式

例句:He don’t know ( where) he will go.

主句主语 和 从句主语 相同

=He don’t know where to go.

不定式

2.当tell, ask ,show, teach等动词后带双宾语,且间接宾语和从句主语一致。从句可简化为:“疑问词+不定式”“结构。

例句: Can you tell me how I can get to the library.

主句的宾语 和 从句主语 相同

=Can you tell me how to get to the library.

不定式