初中英语宾语从句语法

宾语从句

在句子中作宾语的从句称为宾语从句。

知识1宾语从句的句法功能

1.作动词的宾语

He wanted to know when we would have the English party

.他想知道我们什么时候举办英语晚会。

2.作介词的宾语

It all depends on whether it will be fine next week.

这完全取决于下周的天气是否晴朗。

3.作系表结构的宾语

I am sure that he will succeed soon. 我确信他很快就会成功。

知识2宾语从句的引导词

1.that, whether/if

that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或者非正式文体中常被省略。

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

He told me that his sister came back yesterday. 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

I think. I believe 等后接宾语从句时， 如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定形式。这被称作宾语从句的否定转移。

I don't think you like sports. 我认为你不喜欢体育运动。

1 don't believe she will take part in the party.我认为她不会参加这个派对。

(2)当表示对宾语从句所表达的内容不确定时要用if或whether引导,whether/if意为“是否”。

I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.

我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

I wonder if you can help me.不知道您是否能帮我的忙。

知识拓展: 只用whether不用if的情况

① 引导介词后的宾语从句时

I'm interested in whether he joins the army.我对他是否入伍感兴趣。

② 直接与or not连用时

I can't say whether or not he will come on time.我说不准他能否准时来。

③ 引导动词discuss后的宾语从句时

They're discussing whether they should go.他们正在讨论他们是否应该去。

④ 宾语从句置于句首时

Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是不是真的，我不确定。

2连接代词:

主要有who,whom Whose, what, which whover,whatever，whichever.

连接代词一般表疑问，但what, whatever除了表疑问，也可表陈述。连接代词在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语，因此不能省略。

She wondered who had sent the flowers.

她想知道是谁送的花。(作主语)

This book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

这本书会教你最好的总裁应该了解什么。(作宾语)

Can you tell me what your job is? 你能告诉我你的工作是什么吗? (作表语)

I'm not sure which skirt is more beautiful.

我不确定哪条裙子更漂亮。( 作定语)

3.连接副词

主要有when, where，why，how等。它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可以省略。

He didn't tell me when we would meet again.

他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。

I wondered where he bought the book.

我想知道他在哪里买的那本书。

Mike asked me how I finished the work on time.

迈克问我我是怎样准时完成这项工作的。

Our teacher asked Mary why she was late again.

我们的老师问玛丽她为什么又迟到了。

温馨提示

how与某些形容词或副词构成的词组也可以引导宾语从句，如how old, how far,

how much, how many, how often, how soon等。

Do you know how soon he will be back? 你知道他多久能回来吗?

知识3宾语从句的语序

宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。

He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon.他问我昨天下午做什么了。

Do you know why winter is colder than summer?

你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗? I want to know whether you can come or not.我想知道你是否能来。

Do whatever you like.你喜欢做什么就做什么。

( ) 一Do you know _________to see the Beijing Opera?

- Yes, you can go to the Mei Lanfang Theatre.

A.where can we go B.where we can go

C.when shall we go D.when we shall go

知识 4宾语从句的时态

1. 当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句中谓语动词不受主句谓语动词时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态。

1 hear he’ll be back in a few days.

我听说几天之后他就要回来了。(从句为一般将来时)

I hear he came back a few days ago.

我听说几天前他就回来了。(从句为一般过去时)

( ) 一 Mum, can you tell me __________? I dreamed of him last night.

一Next week.

A.when my dad comes back B. where my dad goes

C.when my dad will come back D.where my dad will go

2.当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态，从句中的时态一般为过去的某种时态(如: 一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时)，以便与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致。

She said she was much better than before.

她说她比以前好多了。(从句为一般过去时) She said she was reading a storybook at seven yesterday.

她说昨天七点钟她正在读一本故事书。 (从句为过去进行时)

He said( that)he was going to take care of the baby .

他说他将照看这个婴儿。(从句为过去将来时)

She said they had seen this film several times.

她说这部电影他们已经看好几遍了。(从句为过去完成时)

（ ）一When are the Shutes leaving for New York?

一Pardon?

一I asked_______________.

A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York

B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York

C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York

D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York

3.当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某客观真理或事实时 ，宾语从句的时态用一般现在时。

They said that the earth is round.他们说地球是圆的。(客观真理)

宾语从句的用法

宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;

主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;

主句一般过去时，从句需用相应时;

陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether

特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。 知识5宾语从句的简化

1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree, choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

I hope that I can receive your e-mail.

=I hope to receive your e-mail,

我希望能收到你的电子邮件。

2.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know ,remember,

forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

She doesn't know what she should do next.

= She doesn't know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。

3.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。

I don't believe what Tom said.

=I don't believe Tom's words.

4.当tell,ask，show，teach等动词后面带双宾语，且从句主语和间接宾语一.致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

=Could you tell me how to get to the station?

5.当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

= The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

校长要求我们马上开始。