2019年高考英语一轮复习专题 Astronomy(教学案)精品(必修3)+Word版含解析

2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit4 Astronomy教案新人教版必修3Medicine is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.②BiochemistryBiochemistry is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.③GeophysicsGeophysics is a subject that contains geology and physics.④AstronomyAstronomy is a subject which uses knowledge both from mathematics and physics.2、Think about what you have read and make choices.①Why was the earth different from other planets?（B）A It produced a lot of heat.B The water remained.C Water disappeared.D It was the oldest planet.②Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?（C）A The earth had a solid shape.B The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D The earth was not too hot and not too cold.③Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?（B）A Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.C Animals could hide from hunters in forests.D It was easier for plants to grow.④What problem is caused by human beings?A They exist everywhere on the earth.B They cause global warming.C They find new methods of growing crops.D They enjoy hunting and fishing.2、Can you put the order of development of life into a time line? Use the readingto help you.A insects and amphibians appear ⑦B a solid ball ②C reptiles appear ⑧D a cloud of dust ①E shellfish and other fish appear ⑤F dinosaurs appear ⑨G small plants grow on the water ④H plants begin to grow on dry land ⑥I presence of water ③J mammals（including humans）appear ⑩3、Answer the following questions.①Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?Dinosaur died out long before human beings developed on the earth.②Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creatures on the earth so far.课堂笔记1、It exploded loudly with fire and rock, they were in time to produce the watervapor, ...地球猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、……in time=sooner or later迟早=not late or without delay（on time准时）①Good luck to him, the doctor arrived there in time and the boy was saved.幸运的是，医生及时赶到，男孩得救了。

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars重点单词分类识记单词——用时少·功效高核心单词记全记牢用准用活1.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛2．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的3．thus adv. 因此；于是4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5．climate n. 气候6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9．system n. 系统；体系；制度10．theory n. 学说；理论11．gravity n. 万有引力；重力12．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星◎品句填词1．There are different theories(理论)relatedto changes in sea temperatures in the world.2．(2019·浙江卷)California has lost half itsbig trees since the 1930s and climate(气候)change seems to be a major factor.3．The meeting was held in a livelyatmosphere(气氛)where everybody felt free toshare his ideas.4．We failed to find enough evidence，thus(因此)we concluded that he was innocent.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways tokill bacteria in zero gravity(重力).拓展单词1.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地3．unlike prep.不同；不像→like vt.◎用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·浙江卷7月)In the past，there wasoften an automatic reaction(react)toincreased traffic: just widen the roads.2．Now that we are all part of theglobal(globe)village，everyone becomes aneighbour.单元主题语块背诵——人与自然之太空探索1．solar system 太阳系2．launch a satellite 发射人造卫星3．with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展4．be sent into space 被发射到太空5．be proud of the first spaceman—Yang Liwei以第一位宇航员杨利伟而自豪6．have access to space travel 能到太空旅行7．return to the earth 返回地球8．space exploration 太空探索9．make a trip into the Mars 到火星上去旅游10．make a successful landing on the moon在月球上成功登陆11．space suit 太空服12．communication satellite 通讯卫星13．space travel 太空旅行14．send a spacecraft to the moon 向月球发射宇宙飞船harmful adj.有害的先练会——单句语法填空①These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their study.再写美——一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars1harmful adj .有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve the computer, which is very and noise pollution caused by automobiles do this way, there is no calling apparently the earth for more than 140 million years.(教材P 26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ exist in 存在于……之中exist on 靠……为生There exists…某地有……；存在……(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ existence n .存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj .现存的；现行的①You can't imagine what difficulty they the money gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。

③Scientists our narrow any existing (exist) ones.通过接纳其他文化，我们实际上拓宽了视野，而不是让现有的范围变得狭窄。

3puzzle vt .(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困vi .感到迷惑n ．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found ．迷茫；困惑①The police are still puzzling aboutover meets the eye.整件事令人非常费解，远比看起来复杂。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4Astronomythe science of thestars单元学案一单元基础词汇短语句式搜索一、写其形1.system n.系统；体系；制度2.religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰3.theory n. 学说；理论4.billion pron.& n.& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的6.presence n. 出席；到场；存在7.harmful adj. 有害的8.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛9.unlike prep. 与……不同；不像10.reaction n. 反应；回应11.exist v i. 存在；生存12.thus ad v. 因此；于是13.puzzle n. 谜；难题v t.& v i. (使)迷惑；(使)为难14.biology n. 生物学15.biologist n. 生物学家16.gravity n. 万有引力；重力17.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星18.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的19.physicist n. 物理学家20.climate n. 气候21.crash v i.& v t. 碰撞；坠落22.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船23.pull n.& v t. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力24.float v i.& v t. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物二、知其意1.astronomy n. 天文学2.astronomer n. 天文学家3.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的4.atom n. 原子5.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球6.global adj. 全球性的；全世界的7.acid n. 酸8.carbon n. 碳9.dioxide n. 二氧化物10.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳11.vapour n. (＝vapor)蒸气；水蒸气12.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的13.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链14.multiply v i.& v t. 乘；增加15.oxygen n. 氧16.geologist n. 地质学家17.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的18.lessen v i.& v t. 减少；减轻19.weightlessly ad v. 失重地20.exhaust v t. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽1.solar__system 太阳系2.in__time 及时；终于y__eggs 下蛋4.give__birth__to 产生；分娩5.in__one’s__turn 轮到某人6.prevent...from 阻止；制止7.block__out 挡住(光线)8.cheer__up 感到高兴；感到振奋9.now__that 既然10.break__out 突发；爆发11.watch__out__for 密切注意；当心；提防1.What__it__was__to__become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到45～38亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4 Astronomy: the science of stars 单元学案【单元基础词汇语法梳理】I.选词填空（请从下面的词汇中选择合适的词填入各小题，注意使用该词汇的正确形式。

）1.A _______________film or television programme does great harm to teenagers.2.As her children grow up, she felt her financial burden reduced but her anxieties_____________.3. Even in a highly skilled workforce some people will be more capable and _______better paid than others.4. The___________ problem for young students lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention.5.Such kind of problems you mentioned in your speech just now also ____________in our school.6. The Philippine government wants the US to maintain a military___________ in Southeast Asia.7.Although smokers are clear at the _____effects of smoking, they justcan‟t resist the temptation..8.It is important for middle school students to ________a solid foundation both in art and science.9.With the help of electronic watching equipment and control ________ , many criminal cases are detected and solved.10.When doing reading comprehension, I was always ____________over some long and complex sentences.II.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 4Astronomy：the scienceof the stars单元学案单元基础词汇1．__invention__ n．发明2．explore v．__探险；考查__3．spacewalk n．__太空行走__4．__phenomenon__ n．现象5．__advanced__ adj.高级的；先进的；领先的6．a space travel__太空之旅__7．come into existence__开始产生；成立__8．manned spaceship__载人宇宙飞船__9．__launch_a_satellite__发射卫星10．solar activity__太阳活动__11．__be_proud_of__对……感到自豪12．__watch_out__ 密切注意；当心；提防13．come true __实现__14．in the field of science__在科学领域__15．improve the quality of life for humans __为人类提高生活质量__单元好句1．__It_is_science_and_technology_that__ makes our life more colorful.是科学技术使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。

2．__It_goes_without_saying_that__ modern technologybrings us convenience and comfort in life.毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。

3．The development of science and technology __makes_it_possible_for_China_to_realize__ the dream of going into outer space.科学技术的发展使得中国实现进入外太空的梦想变得可能。

Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsWhat many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26) 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

(1)be harmful to 对……有害(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ harm n .[U]& vt .伤害；损害do harm to/do…harm对……有害There is no harm in doing sth/It does no harm to do sth 做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj .无害的①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。

②Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 由汽车产生的空气污染和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。

③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him. 如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。

④The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless (harm) phrase. 这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4Astronomy:the science of the stars单元学案一单元基础训练一、单元单词短语回顾astronomy [əˈstrɔnəmi] n.天文学△astronomer n.天文学家△solar [ˈsəulə] adj.太阳的；日光的system[ˈsistəm] n.系统；体系；制度solar system 太阳系religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰theory [ˈθiəri] n.学说；理论△Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸atom [ˈætəm] n.原子billion [ˈbiljən] pron. & n. & adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿globe [gləub] n.球体；地球仪；地球△global [ˈgləubəl] adj.全球性的；全世界的violent [ˈvaiələnt] adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的in time 及时；终于carbon [ˈkɑ:bən] n.碳△nitrogen [ˈnaitrədʒən] n.氮△vapour [ˈveipə] n.蒸气；水蒸气atmosphere [ˈætməsfiə] n.大气层；气氛unlike[ˌʌnˈlaik] prep.不同；不像fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] adj.基本的；基础的△presence [ˈprezəns] n.出席；到场；存在△dissolve [diˈzɔlv] vt. & vi.溶解；解散harmful [ˈhɑ:mful] adj.有害的acid [ˈæsid] n.酸chain [ˈtʃein] n.链子；连锁；锁链△reaction [riˈækʃən] n.反应；回应multiply [ˈmʌltiplai]vi. & vt.乘；增加oxygen [ˈɔksidʒən] n.氧△shellfish ['ʃelfiʃ] n.水生有壳动物△amphibian [æmˈfibiən] n.两栖动物△reptile [ˈreptail] n.爬行动物；爬虫lay eggs 下蛋△dinosaur [ˈdainəsɔ:] n.恐龙exist[igˈzist] vi.存在；生存△mammal [ˈmæməl] n.哺乳动物give birth to产生；分娩thus [ðʌs] adv.因此；于是in one’s turn轮到某人；接着dioxide [daiˈɔksaid] n.二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳prevent ... from阻止；制止puzzle[ˈpʌzl]n.谜；难题vt. & vi.（使）迷惑；（使）为难biology [baiˈɔlədʒi] n.生物学biologist [ˌbaiəˈlɔdʒikəl] n.生物学家gravity [ˈgræviti] n.万有引力；重力satellite [ˈsætəlait]n.卫星；人造卫星gentle [ˈdʒentl] adj.温和的；文雅的△geologist [dʒi'ɔlədʒist] n.地质学家physicist [ˈfizisist] n.物理学家block out 挡住（光线）△extinct [ikˈstiŋkt]adj.灭绝的；绝种的climate [ˈklaimit] n.气候△comet [ˈkɔmit] n.慧星crash [kræʃ] vi. & vt.碰撞；坠落△Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿（英国科学家）△Albert Einstein 艾伯特·爱因斯坦（德裔美国科学家）△Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金（英国科学家）spaceship [ˈspeisˌʃip] n.宇宙飞船pull [pul]n. & vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力△lessen [ˈlesən] vi. & vt.减少；减轻cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋float [fləut] vi. & vt.（使）浮动；（使）漂浮n. 漂浮物△weightlessly ['weitlis] adv.失重地△cabin [ˈkæbin] n.小屋；船舱mass [mæs] n.质量；团；块；大量；<复>群众now that既然△get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解break out突发；爆发△exhaust [igˈzɔ:st] vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽watch out密切注视；当心；提防二、单元重要句式回顾:根据括号内要求翻译句子1．他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作重要而且必不可少。