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专题十主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) When fat and salt areremoved(remove) from food，the foodtastes as if it is missing something.2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I was allowed(allow)to get up close to these cute animals atthe 600acre cent re.近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致和意义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态语态结合起来进行综合考查。
短文改错1.(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who wewas→were and pretend not to know us.2．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream schoollook→looks like a big garden.3．(陕西高考)Finally，there were→was asudden pull at the pole and a fish wascaught.1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误；2．非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误；3．倒装句的主谓一致错误；4．“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。
(对应学生用书第224页)语法一致[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015·湖南高考)It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.2．What they need most is(be) money while what we need most are(be) textbooks. Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·福建冲刺卷)Newspapers，as well as magazines，plays an important role in daily communication.plays→play【导学号：33220123】[再解读要点]1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
第一个我们来学习倒装句，倒装属于单选常考的知识点，而且也是写作中的较高级句式了。
一、倒装：完全倒装、部分倒装、形式倒装（假倒装）***倒装句口诀：地点全倒装，son也虚假关于完全倒装“地点全倒装”的意思是：句子中将表示地点、时间等方位位置或者时间的副词、介词等词提前时，句子要全部倒装。
全部倒装的句式结构：地点+谓语+主语。
1.表示地点方位位置的副词、介词，运动方位的副词(under,there,here,out,in,up,down,away,near,opposite……)、时间的副词(now,then)位于句首时, 句子要全部倒装。
A girl sits under the tree倒装后变为Under the tree sits a girl.注意完全倒装中，代词做主语不倒装.如果说这句话是代词做主语：She sits under the tree.那么即使是将描述地点的介词提前，这句话也不倒装，而是变为Under the tree she sits.练习题（1）A bus comes here.= _______________________________________________________ 练习题（2）Your turn comes now.= ____________________________________________________Here/there句型用一般现在时，代词做主语不倒装；Here you are. Here it is.关于部分倒装口诀的下半句中“S on也虚”对应部分倒装，我们来看一下部分倒装的结构。
部分倒装的句式结构：就是将部分倒装标志词提前以后，句子变为一般疑问句语序。
即：标志词+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他……S：So/such……that……(注意：“主倒从不倒”，也就是说是so/such所在的主句倒装，that后的从句不用倒)，看例句：He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.=so是标志词，所以so clearly这个意群提前（举个例子来说意群：一辆出租车来了=来了一辆出租车，其中“一辆出租车”这几个字不能拆分，它就是一个意群）,然后再将主句调整为上边说的部分倒装句式结构。
第29讲强调、倒装与主谓一致2014新题赏析题一：Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man knows题二：Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.A. didn’t I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn’t realizeD. I realize题三：Not once their plan.A. did they changeB. they changedC. changed theyD. they did changed题四：Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A. had sheB. she hadC. has sheD. she has题五：Not for a moment the truth of your story.A. he has doubtedB. he doubtsC. did he doubtD. he did doubt题六：Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.A. a tourist can findB. can a tourist findC. a tourist will findD. a tourist has found题七：Only when he started to explain the reason for this.A. she realizedB. did she realizeC. she had realizedD. had she realized题八：Only when you come to know him _______ along well with him.A. will you getB. you will getC. you gotD. you will come题九：At no time ________ to the patients.A. shall doctors lieB. doctors shall lieC. did doctors lieD. had doctors lain题十：At no time ________ our motherland.A. we shall betrayB. shall we betrayC. we betrayedD. had we betrayed题十一： succeed in doing anything.A. Only by working hard we canB. By only working hard we canC. Only by working hard can weD. Only we can by working hard题十二：Only with the greatest of luck ________ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage题十三：The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn' t changeB. don't changeC. changeD. changed题十四：The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.A. isB. areC. wasD. were题十五：That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.A. isB. wasC. areD. all题十六：Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have题十七：It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.A. when we knewB. that did we knewC. that we knewD. that did we know题十八：It was not until I came here ___I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A. whoB. thatC. whereD. before题十九：It was only after he told me ________ I realized that I was wrong.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what题二十：It was only after he took off his sunglasses ________ I recognized him.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what题二十一：It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.A. whoB. whomC. howD. that题二十二：It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. on which题一：D解析：本句意为：直到19世纪早期人类才知道热是什么。
15 主谓一致（一轮复习）1. When we entered, we found lying on the ground _______ along with her parents.A．was a girlB．were a girlC．a girl wasD．a girl were【答案】： A解析：根据语境“当我们进来时，我们发现一个女孩和她的父母躺着地上”和句子结构可知found之后的宾语从句是一个倒装句，该句的主语是a girl along with her parents，因为主语比较长，为了保持平衡，把表语放在句首，采用倒装形式，C和D不是倒装，排除；along with 连接并列的成分作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于along with之前的部分，a girl是第三人称单数，故选A。
2. The number of professors present _______ fifty,but a number of them_______ not on time for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were【答案】：C解析：前者，作主语的中心词是the number “数目”，动词用单数was。
后者，作主语的中心词是them(professors)动词用复数were。
3. Do you know who has got the______for the summer camping?Who knows that!Either you or Daniel and Jimmy______so lucky!A.chance;isB.time;areC.chance;areD.time;is【答案】：C提示:句意:“你知道谁获得了去夏令营的机会吗?”“谁知道！要么是你要么是丹尼尔和吉米是幸运的。
”or后面的主语是Daniel and Jimmy,所以谓语用复数形式。
考点02 名词和主谓一致名词是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。
名词局部主要考查：①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配②名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕③名词的所有格④抽象名词的具体化⑤名词和冠词的搭配名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。
研究近年的高考题我们不难看出，名词局部主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数〔可数与不可数、单数与复数〕、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以与主谓一致等。
在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的根本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义。
另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境。
名词的数可数名词的数1.可数名词的数〔不规如此变化〕〔1〕单、复数同形。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep。
〔2〕合成名词的复数。
如：boyfriend→boyfriends, go-between→go-betweens(中间人), grown-up→grown-ups, passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
〔3〕只有复数形式的名词。
此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服〞、“工具〞等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用a pair of/two pairs of, many等修饰。
如：clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers, scissors, scales等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an，a pair of等修饰，只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。
二十八、其他句型一、倒装主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。
反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
全部倒装1、THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。
如：There are a lot of children in the showroom. (在展览室里有许多的小孩。
)Here comes the bus. (公交车来了。
)There goes the bell. (铃响了。
)部分倒装1.表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no 和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...when。
即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。
如：Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
2、用“So / Nor / Neither + 助动词+ 主语”倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。
如：Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I. (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。
) Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop. Neither has Jim. (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。
Modules 1－2(限时：35分钟)(对应学生用书第376页)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018·郑州一中入学测试)Enjoying a musical performance no longer requires a costly ticket or a trip to a theater.These days，musicians are performing in private homes，at haircutting shops，at airports...even on ferry boats.Musicians like house concerts.At music clubs，they often have to perform over loud conversation or deal with people who have had too much alcohol.People at house concerts are more focused on listening to the music.Just a few hours before the Bombadils started singing at the O'Hair Salon，Lindsay was cutting hair and Tamera was doing facials.Then，they moved chairs and microphones to create a small performance space.The Bombadils made music in the front part of the hair salon，near the hairdryers and ma keup tables.“This is our first show at a hair salon，”Sarah Frank of the Bombadils told concertgoers at last week's performance.Frank said she and band members，Luke Fraser and Kaitlyn Raitz had a great time“interacting”with the audience.Concerts in people's homes，or small businesses such as O'Hair's，are becoming more popular，musicians say.“There is a more relaxed atmosphere，”said Domenic Cicala，a musician who opened up his O'Hair Salon to concerts.“People really get to know the artists.”At house concerts，people get time before and after concerts to meet the performers.Often，the hosts or guests will provide food and drink.“People really like listening to music in the living room of a friend，”said Matt Hart，with Aubrey Zoli making up the Local Strangers，a folkrock group based in Seattle.At many such concerts，the musicians do not need microphones.Yet，every word of their songs can be heard.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了现代音乐会在举办场地的选择上更加多样化，私人居所、理发店、机场等都成为音乐家表演的场所，并且备受青睐。
一、专题引入（4 mins）在正式上课之前，我们先来句子纠错，看看你是否细心，是否还记得我们之前学过的知识。
1. Both boys has their own hobbies.2. The class is busy writing English passages.3. Neither you nor I are wrong.每个句子都有一个错误，错误点在于句子谓语动词的使用上，你能找出来吗？(校对答案：1. has- have 2. is – are 3. are – am 并请同学说明原因，考查这位同学是否掌握到位) 二、专题知识梳理（20 mins）知识点1：主谓一致三大考点知识点2：语法一致主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
例句：Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。
Both girl are interested in listening to music. 两个女孩都对听音乐感兴趣。
1-5 A A B D D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致，意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容，需要熟记并运用。
五、学法提炼（2 mins）1、专题特点：主谓一致专题的知识点理解较易，但难点在于熟记表格中的每种情况，并能够熟练运用到做题当中去。
2、解题方法：分类熟记知识点表格。
3、分析事项：在考试中，主谓一致中的三个考点是混合出现的，同学必须熟练掌握三个考点各自的内容，以及熟记。
建议课后对知识点条目进行背诵。
一、专题引入（1 mins）上面我们复习了非谓语动词中语法一致的内容，接下来我们继续复习意义一致和就近原则的知识。
二、专题知识梳理（15 mins）知识点1：意义一致情况例句1. 有些集体名词既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解，则谓语动词用复数形式这些词有：family, class, crowd, team, group等【注意】people，police等名词一般做复数用1. Class 4 is on the third floor.2. Class 4 are studying in the classroom.3. The police are looking for the lost child.2. 主语是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式，谓语动词一般ongoing单数形式1. Gone with the wind is an interesting book.3. 表示“时间，重量，长度，价格”等的名词的复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1. Thirty minutes is enough for the work.4. 一些学科名词以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics等，都属于形式上是复数名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1. Some teachers says that physics is difficult for students to study.5. “the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物，当它表示一类人 1. The rich are not always happy.1-5 A C D B D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致，意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容，需要熟记并运用。
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 第28讲 强调、倒装与主谓一致2013新题赏析 题一：I’ve been working for over twenty years and seldom so tired as now. A.I have felt B.I had felt C. have I felt D. had I felt 题二：Not only ________interested in football but ________ beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself is; are all his students C. is the teacher himself; are all his students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 题三：Once made out, the law must be carried out______ any difficulty. A. regardless of B. instead of C. because of D. in need of 题四：She has almost failed the exam, but her sister, ______, has done very well. A. by contrast B. in general C. for example D. in addition Stand over there______ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. A. but B. and C. or D. so 题五：A man can’t smile like a child, _____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. so B. but C. and D. for 题六：He likes popular songs and _________. A. so am I B. so I am C. so do I D. so I do 题七：They have been to that famous tourist interest twice and _________ . A. so have I B. so I have C. I have so D. so did I Had you come five minutes earlier, you _______ the famous scientist. A. could have met B. would meet C. must have met D. might have been met 题八：Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_______ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 题九：There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______? A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t it D. did it 题十：I don’t suppose that anyone will be willing to do it, ______? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 题十一：I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A. am B. is C. are D. be 题十二：—How many lessons do you usually have a day? —Six lessons a day. And each of them _____ 45minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. has 题十三：It was not until I arrived there _____ I began to know something about the 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. matter. A. when B. after C. how D. that 题十四：It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that 题十五：Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I realize B. I realize C.I didn’t realize D. did I realize 题十六：Little ______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. A. does he care B. he cares C. did he care D. he cared 题十七：It was in New Zealand _____ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 题十八：It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _____ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what 题一： C 详解：否定词seldom位于句首，句子要部分倒装；另外，此处的动作表示到目前为止的情况，所以使用现在完成时。 题二： D 详解：not only位于句首，其后句子用部分倒装的形式，而but also后的句子语序不倒装。 题三： A 详解：句意：法律一旦制定出来，不管有多大的困难，就必须实施。regardless of“不管”； instead of“代替”；because of “因为”； in need of “需要”。根据句意选A。 题四： A 详解：句意：by contrast“相比之下”； in general “通常”； for example “例如”；in addition“此外”。根据“相比之下，她妹妹在考试中做得很好”可知选A。 题五： B 考查句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”，在其中and意为“那么”，表示顺承关系；or意为“否则”，表示转折关系。在本题中，前后两句存在着一种顺承关系，所以选and。 题六： D 分析句子结构可知空白处前后的两个句子之间的关系是因果关系，根据句意可知选for(因为)。句意：大人不能像孩子一样微笑，因为孩子用眼睛微笑，而大人只是用嘴唇微笑。 题七： C 详解：句意：他喜欢流行歌曲，我也是。“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面所说的情况肯定情况也适用于后者，句中谓语为likes，所以选C。 题八： A 句意：他们去过那个著名的旅游景点两次，我也是。详解：“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示肯定前面所说的情况也适用于后者，句中谓语为have been，所以选A.。 题九： A 详解：根据had you come可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用could/might/would/should have done的形式。且you与动词meet之间为主动关系，故选A。 题十： A 详解：根据had I known可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. could/might/would/should的形式。且time and energy与动词save之间为被动关系，故选A。 题十一： B 详解：当陈述部分带有从句时，通常疑问部分的主语和谓语应和主句的主语和谓语保持一致，所以 可排除C、D ；陈述部分为肯定，疑问部分应为否定，所以可排除A。 题十二： C 详解：陈述部分是“I don’t suppose+宾语从句”时，疑问部分的主语和谓语要与从句的主语和谓语保持一致，而且要用肯定形式，所以答案应选C。 题十三： A 详解：关系代词作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词保持一致。在本题中，关系代词who作主语，替代I，所以答案应选A。 题十四： B 详解：each作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由each决定，不由of 后的名词或代词决定，所以可排除A、C；根据45minutes可知，应选表示“持续”意思的动词，所以答案应选B。 题十五： D 详解：本题是not..until的强调句型。其基本结构为：It +is/was+ not until…+that+主句（由否定句变成肯定句）。 题十六： B 详解：本题是not..until的强调句型。其基本结构为：It +is/was+ not until…+that+主句（由否定句变成肯定句）。 题十七： D 详解：当not until从句放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。 题十八： C 详解：具有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。little(一点也不)为否定词，所以所在的句子要部分倒装；后面的从句的时态表明要用一般过去时，所以选C。 题十九： A 详解：本题是个强调句型, 强调句型的基本结构为：It +is/was+被强调部分+that….。本题中被强调的部分是地点状语in New Zealand。 题二十： C 详解：本题是个强调句型, 强调句型的基本结构为：It +is/was+被强调部分+that….。本题中被强调的部分是主语but how much love we put into what we do。句意为：不是我们做了多少事情，而是我们对所做的事情倾注了多少爱，那才最有益于我们的工作。
