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国际音标：国际音标48个，元音20个，辅音28个发音时声带振动，气流不受阻碍的是元音，分为单元音（12）和双元音（8），其中单元音又可分为前元音（4），中元音（3）和后元音（5）发音时声带可以振动，也可以不振动的，但气流受到阻碍的是辅音，其中，声带振动的叫浊辅音，声带不振动的叫清辅音。
前元音(4个)：发音的主要器官，即舌的活动部位在口腔前部。
[i:]—e(me,he,she,we)ee(bee,meet,street,see,sweet)ea(eat,meat,please,read,clean)[i]—i(it,is,fish,miss,thin,pin,Jim)y(gym,pity,city)[e]—e(get,beg,never,let,rest,Ben,wet)ea(sweat,dead,bread,heaven,head)[ æ]—a(bad,bag,man,flag,hand,cat,rat)中元音(3个)：发音时舌的活动部位是在口腔的中部。
[ʌ] —u(cup,bus,much,lunch)o(son,honey,money)ou(enough, young)[ə:]—ir(bird,girl,dirty,shirt)ur(church,nurse)or(work,worm,word)er(verb，her,person,service)ear(early,earth)[ə] er(worker,teacher,sister,brother)a(about,arrive,among)其他（sugar,doctor,famous,beggar）后元音（5个）：用舌的后部感觉发音[u:] — oo (fool, food,cool, school, room)— ou (soup, group)—o (do, who)[u] — oo (good,book,look,cook, foot)— u (put, push, sugar, pudding)— ou (could, would, should)[ɔ:] — or(Ford, born, sport, horse, short)—all(all, tall, fall, wall,talk)—aw (law, draw)—au (Paul)—augh (taught, caught)—ough (bought, fought)[ɔ] — o (job, clock,long,song, shop, stop ,dog, boss,hot) — a (watch, water)[a:] — ar (car，star，park, farm, dark, party, start) — a (fast, father)—ear(heart)—al (half)元音音标分为单元音和双元音单元音分为：前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]中元音：[ ʌ ] [ ə: ] [ ə ]后元音：[ a: ] [ ɔ ] [ ɔ: ] [ u ] [ u: ]双元音（由两个单元音组成, 共8个）：[ ei ] —— a（take,save,face,make,cake）—— ay (play, day, way, pay)—— ai (wait,rain)—— ea (break, great)[əu] —— o (go, no, joke, cold, close, home)—— oa (coat, soap, boat, road)—— ow (window, snow, show, know, low)[ai] —— i(time, fine, five, kite, like, wife)——igh(high, night, light, bright, fight, tight牢固)—— y (cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply)—— ie(die, lie, tie)—— ye（eye, bye, dye染色）[au] —— ou(about, around, found, mouse,loudly,shout) —— ow(down, crowd, town, brown, now, how, allow)[ɔi] —— oi (oil, boil, voice, choice, noise可数名词) —— oy (boy, enjoy, annoy打扰, toy)[iə] —— ear ( dear, hear, clear, beard )—— ea ( idea, theare )—— ere ( here, mere )—— eer ( beer, engineer )[εə] —— are ( care, share, hare, fare )—— air ( air, fair, chair )[uə] —— ur （tour, sure, tourist, cure, pure）辅音：分为清辅音和浊辅音（根据声带震动与否分为清辅音和浊辅音。
