托福写作教学大纲

年级：初中课时：2课时教学目标：1. 让学生了解托福写作的基本结构和要求。

2. 提高学生的英语写作能力，包括语法、词汇和逻辑思维。

3. 培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。

教学内容：1. 托福写作概述2. 托福写作基本结构3. 托福写作技巧4. 实战演练教学步骤：第一课时一、导入1. 教师简要介绍托福考试及写作部分的重要性。

2. 学生分享自己对托福写作的认识和困惑。

二、托福写作概述1. 介绍托福写作的评分标准。

2. 分析托福写作的常见题型。

三、托福写作基本结构1. 讲解托福写作的三个部分：引入、主体和结论。

2. 举例说明每个部分的结构和内容。

四、托福写作技巧1. 语法：讲解常用句型、时态、语态等。

2. 词汇：介绍托福写作中常用的同义词、反义词、短语等。

3. 逻辑思维：教授如何组织论点、论证和反驳。

五、课堂练习1. 学生根据所学知识，尝试写一篇短文，内容为：介绍一个自己喜欢的地方。

2. 教师点评，指出优点和不足。

第二课时一、复习1. 学生回顾上节课所学内容。

2. 教师提问，检查学生对知识的掌握程度。

二、实战演练1. 学生根据所学技巧，尝试完成一篇完整的托福写作练习。

2. 教师提供写作题目，如：你认为科技对人类社会的影响是积极的还是消极的？3. 学生独立完成写作，教师巡视指导。

三、批改与点评1. 教师收集学生的写作练习，进行批改。

2. 学生互评，找出彼此的优点和不足。

3. 教师点评，总结写作中的常见错误和改进方法。

四、总结与作业1. 教师总结本节课的重点内容。

2. 布置作业：学生根据所学技巧，写一篇关于“环保”的短文。

教学评价：1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的表现，如提问、回答问题、参与讨论等。

2. 写作水平：通过学生的写作练习，评估学生的写作能力。

3. 作业完成情况：检查学生的作业质量，了解学生对知识的掌握程度。

教学反思：1. 优化教学环节，提高教学效果。

2. 关注学生的个体差异，因材施教。

3. 培养学生的英语写作兴趣，激发他们的学习热情。

托福写作加强班教学大纲
1. 课程目标
本课程旨在帮助学生全面提高托福写作能力，掌握托福写作技巧，提高写作素材积累和逻辑思维能力。

2. 课程安排
2.1 写作基础知识与技巧（第1-2周）
- 基本写作结构和要素
- 托福写作评分标准解析
- 多种写作题型解析
- 提升写作逻辑与连贯性的技巧
2.2 托福写作素材积累与扩展（第3-5周）
- 托福写作素材分类和整理方法
- 阅读与听力材料的提取和分析
- 编写写作主题句和支持句的技巧
- 提高写作表达的丰富性和准确性
2.3 托福写作实战演练（第6-8周）
- 模拟真实托福写作考试题目
- 分析和解答写作题目要求
- 实践写作时间管理技巧
- 评析学生作文，提供针对性的反馈和建议
2.4 写作策略讲解与技巧分享（第9-10周）- 提高写作速度和字数的方法
- 解读高分作文范文
- 大纲式写作框架构建技巧
- 避免常见写作错误和陷阱
3. 课程评估方式
- 每周课堂参与情况
- 模拟考试成绩
- 课后作业质量和参与度
4. 授课材料
- 托福写作教材
- 托福真题集
- 相关参考书籍和文章
以上为《托福写作加强班教学大纲》的大致内容和安排，希望能够帮助学生全面提高托福写作能力。

托福写作冲刺课程大纲一、独立写作二、综合写作独立写作考试形式一、考试时间：30分钟二、话题作文三、字数要求：300以上（400左右）题型分类一一、利弊类二、事实类利弊类一、标志词：should, …is better than…, …is more important than …, which would you prefer二、答题角度：该不该，好或坏三、同意与否：今天应该下雨吗？四、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should play sports everyday.事实类一、标志词：无二、与利弊类题目非此即彼三、答题角度：是不是，存不存在四、同意与否：今天下雨了吗？五、Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students now play sports everyday.分类意义一、避免跑题二、快速构思避免跑题一、经典错误：把事实题当做利弊题二、几个容易跑偏的题举例1、A or D? Advertisements are exaggerated.2、A or D? People now pay too much attention on their dressing and looking.3、A or D? Young people now are less dependent on their parents than they were in the past.快速构思一、利弊类：“万金由”二、事实类：“万金由”/拆分举例利弊类解题思路一、找出多个受益方与受损方二、“万金由”找出多个受益方与受损方一、对谁好？对谁不好？二、举例1、A or D? Parents should help their children do homework.2、A or D? Universities should offer students better job preparation before they start working.3、A or D? Working three days a week with longer hours is better than working five days a week with shorter hours.“万金由”一、起到提示思路作用的万能理由二、“便”“健”“安”“情”“成”“品”“环”“学”便利(convenience)一、节省时间(save time, not time-consuming)二、时间灵活(time is flexible)三、就近解决(short distance)四、提前完成(keep the schedule ahead)健康(health)一、充分休息(enough rest)二、营养均衡(balanced nutrition)三、体育锻炼(body exercise, sports)四、远离疾病(away from diseases)安全(safety)一、食品安全(food safety)二、人身安全(body safety)三、财产安全(property safety)四、生活稳定(stability, sustainability)情感(affection, love, feeling)一、亲情(family love, family accord)二、友情(friendship)三、爱情(love)四、人际关系/社会圈子(interpersonal relationship, social circle)成功(success)一、成就感(a sense of achievement)二、荣誉感(a sense of honor)三、自信(self-confidence)四、尊敬(respect)品格(virtue)一、诚实(honesty)二、勤奋(diligence)三、独立(independence)四、体贴(considerateness)五、团队精神(team spirit)六、坚韧不拔(persistence, tenacity)环保(environment protection)一、环境污染(environment pollution)二、全球变暖(global warming)三、滥砍滥发/植树造林(deforestation, afforestation)学习(learning)一、必修科目(compulsory course)二、选修科目(optional course)三、在线课程(on-line course)利弊类解题举例1、父母应该帮助孩子做作业吗？2、学校应该给毕业生更多就业指导吗？3、花钱旅游还是为了未来存钱？4、高薪离家远还是低薪离家近？5、高中应该要求所有学生都学习经济学吗？事实类一、“万金由”二、拆分举例“万金由”解事实类举例1、住大城市比住农村能够更好地照顾家庭成员吗？2、孩子现在比过去更独立于父母吗？3、运动员收入过高吗？拆分举例一、对题目中已有的关键名词进行拆分二、合理拆分到具体类别分别讨论拆分举例解题示范1、住大城市比住农村能够更好地照顾家庭成员吗？2、运动员收入过高吗？3、20年后学生还会使用打印书籍吗？抽象题目的拆分举例1、观察动物能够了解人性吗？2、人们工作是为了钱还是为了社会地位？3、现在社会中最严重的问题会在我们有生之年解决吗？4、人们过分关注衣着和长相了吗？5、人们穿衣服是为了美观吗？利弊类与事实类的解题总结一、“万金由”与拆分举例都适用；二、“万金由”提示观点，拆分举例细化讨论范围；三、理清思路，避免跑题。

托福口语写作教学大纲托福口语写作教学大纲一、引言在当今全球化的时代，英语已经成为了一门必备的语言技能。

而在英语考试中，托福口语和写作部分无疑是最具挑战性的一项。

因此，制定一份科学合理的托福口语写作教学大纲，对于学生的学习和提高至关重要。

二、目标设定1. 提高学生的口语表达能力：培养学生流利、准确地表达自己的观点和想法的能力，提高口语流利度和语音语调的准确性。

2. 培养学生的写作能力：让学生掌握写作技巧，能够清晰、连贯地表达自己的观点，并能够进行合理的论证和举例支持。

3. 培养学生的批判思维能力：引导学生学会分析问题、提出观点，并能够进行合理的辩论和论证。

三、教学内容1. 口语表达能力的培养a. 提高口语流利度：通过大量的口语练习，培养学生的口语表达习惯，提高口语流利度。

b. 语音语调的准确性：通过练习发音、语调和语速，让学生掌握正确的口语表达方式。

c. 观点表达的准确性：培养学生清晰、准确地表达自己观点和想法的能力，让学生学会用简洁的语言表达复杂的观点。

2. 写作能力的培养a. 写作结构的学习：教授学生常用的写作结构，如五段式、四段式等，让学生能够清晰地组织自己的写作内容。

b. 论证和举例的技巧：教授学生如何进行合理的论证和举例支持，让学生的写作更有说服力和逻辑性。

c. 语言表达的准确性：培养学生的词汇量和语法运用能力，让学生能够用准确的语言表达自己的观点和想法。

3. 批判思维能力的培养a. 分析问题的能力：教授学生如何分析问题，找出问题的关键点，并能够从不同角度进行思考和分析。

b. 提出观点和论证的能力：培养学生提出自己观点的能力，并能够进行合理的辩论和论证。

c. 合作与交流的能力：通过小组讨论和合作项目，培养学生的合作与交流能力，让学生能够在团队中有效地表达自己的观点。

四、教学方法1. 多样化的口语练习：通过角色扮演、小组讨论、辩论等方式，让学生在不同场景中进行口语练习，提高口语表达能力。

2. 阅读与写作的结合：通过阅读材料，让学生学习和模仿优秀的写作范文，提高写作能力。

托福写作提纲1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The world is changing fast,people are less happy.AGREEa.The rapidly changing environment is towards a deteriorating direction and people suffer from all kindsof pollution.ing with the conve nience which was brought by the advancement of technology, people’s life are at stakeconsidering wars are always on edge.c.People’s relationship with each other is alienated by Internet, telecommunication and other kind of virtualinteraction patterns.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The most importantcharacteristic for politician is to accept responsibility for mistake.DISAGREEa.It is very important for politician to accept responsibility for mistake considering. Because only afterrecognized and took the responsibility of mistakes can politician make an effort to progress.b.The most important skill the politician should possess is communication skill. For one thing, it is importantfor politician to a good listener to public.munication skill can help politician to express themselves better, consequently, having the policy orimplementation carried out well.3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Parents should allowchildren to make and learn from their own mistakes.PARTIALLY AGREEa.It is very helpful to cultivate a child’s sense of independence by letting him/her dealing with theirown mistake.b.Their own experience will be more impressive to them and is a better way to educate children than solelydidactic instillation.c.Nevertheless, this process should be carefully moderated by parents because children are lack the abilityto draw a clear line between right and wrong. And they cannot always recognize the seriousness of their mistakes.4.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Young people nowadays haveno influence on decisions that determine the future of the society as a whole.DISAGREEa.Politically, youth play an increasingly crucial role in decision-making.b.Scientifically, youth’s interest of study will determine where humankind will head to in the future.Disease combat, climate change, outer space exploration.c.Culturally, what young people tend to believe and how young people decide to behave may become part ofthe trait of the nation.5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The most important problemthat affects the society today will be solved during my life time(61)DISAGREEa.It is true that some scientific problem will be taken under control. Flu=smallpox, HIV/AIDS, diabetes,energy efficiency.b.Many other scientific issues will not bear fruit if without hundreds of year’s efforts. Climate change,sending human to outer space.c.More issues are far from solely scientific. Cases like religious conflict, regional war, overpopulationand climate change cannot be solved in decades.6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Although new technologyand science will continue to advance and improve people’s life, the most significant improvement has been made.(33)DISAGREEa.Admittedly that many inventions and researches have benefit all human races and even change the way welive. Combustion engine, penicillin, rocket, Internet, electronic devices.b.There are advances in technology that will make a great difference within immediate future. Cure for diabetes,AIDS, and cancer.c.People will never know what is going to happen unless we have experienced it. Immigrate to the Mars maybepossible in the next millennium.7.Which is more important: having more facilities or hiring more teachersTEACHERS ARE MORE IMPORTANTa.More teachers means each student will have more time discussing academic issues with teacher, and theywill have appropriate teaching methods placed on them according teacher’s observation on student’s strength.b.More teacher employment ensures each teacher to have more time can free them from burdensome educationduties. Hence they will have more time to devote into scientific research which will benefit more people than an elite few.c.However, facility is also important. Teacher also needs favorable facility to enhance their teaching andresearch.8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is important to knowabout what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal lives.AGREEa.Learning what is going on around the world help people keep pace of time. By doing this horizon will bebroaden as a result.b.Different issues, even those seem to have completely no connection, may have possible implications witheach other. By learning what is happening around the world will sometimes help people with their own career.c.It is also a recreational process to learn different thing going on around the globe. And knowledge orinformation acquired can be put into conversation to make communication not so tedious.9.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement One of the ways that parentscan help children be ready for adult life is to ask them to do a part-time job.PARTIALLY AGREEa.Doing a part-time job can help cultivate many favorable characteristics that are crucial for adult life.Independence, financial responsibility, time arrangement.b.Doing a part-time job can help children or teenagers form a new circle of friends and foster a sense ofremaining friendship with different kind of people.c.However, negative impact cannot be neglected. Doing part-time job can make up too much time and preventchildren to achieve a satisfactory academic performance.10.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement One can learn a lot aboutthe person from the type of friends the person has.AGREEa.Someone is the average of his/her friends combined. They share similar interest, having alike values, pursuein the same direction.b.Friends always share same financial ability and live on the similar living standard.c.Friends affect each other to a great extend. Peer pressure, behavior, trend.11.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It’s more important forthe government to build new housing than preserve old and historical building.DISAGREEa.Building new house and demolishing the old ones will result in massive construction waste, which isdetrimental to environment.b.Building new housing will cost a lot of money which could have been used on improving sanitary condition,providing food and clean water. Those issues are more urgent than improving housing condition.c.Some historical buildings have special meanings, they could have culture meaning and can stimulate touristindustry.12.When a new technological device become available. Some people buy it right away,while others will wait until many have acquired it. Which view do you agree with and explain why.BUY IT LATERa.New products may not be in perfect functional condition and have potential drawbacks not yet revealed.b.New products can be expensive, but later, price will goes down.c.Buy new products right away may lead to purchasing products sole out of impulse. Money can be wasted onunnecessary stuffs.13.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The friends that you canhave fun with are more important than the friends that you can get help from.(34) DISAGREEa.Friends share interest, so they will feel relieved and comfortable around each other. Accordingly, theyare likely to have fun, and in favor of this recreational function.b.Fun can never be the core essence of friendship. Friends are made to support and help each other. Theyhelp each other to solve tough problems.c.Friendship is an avenue to broaden social network, introducing novel things into someone’s life and sharingpleasure and sorrow.14.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement When teachers assignprojects on which students must work together, students will learn much more effectively than ask them to do alone.AGREEa.Working together will help improve work efficiency and have a clearer and deeper understanding of a certainsubject. Because everyone’s task is much focused.b.Working together can help students to learn from each other’s idea which lead them to be more all-rounded.c.Working together can bring new thoughts to a particular subject during brainstorm or other kind ofcommunication.15.If one of your friends needs assistance in one of the courses you are good at,is it better for him to turn to you for help or ask a tutorTURN TO MEa.I am more familiar to my friend than is the teacher or tutor, so I know how to talk or teach effectively.b.Schedule would be more flexible for me to help him, because many more students also need a tutor. So thetutor may not have enough time and effort to cover so many students.c.Friends will be mutually honest with each other. That is, I will point out the problem immediately whilehe will tell me what he does not understand without hesitation. Case would be much different considering the generation gap between student and tutor or teacher.16.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The most importantinvestment for a company is to spend money to improve the work skills of its employees.(56)DISAGREEa.Admittedly, it is very important to improve work skill of employees in order to guarantee a satisfactoryquality of the products.b.Marketing is more important than improving work skills. Help promote products.c.Establishing an efficient and smooth manage and supply system is more prominent in increasing profit whilecutting the costs.17.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is better to wait inpatience than take action.(66)NEUTRALa.They both have their merits. Patience can prevent people from impulsive action, which always lead toregrettable result.b.Patience can leave people enough time to get a clear view of the situation and prepare better for the comingassignment.c.Taking action in short time help people grasp once-or-never chances. Immediate reaction is in some casesnecessary such as first aid and playing sports.18.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Children should do jobsthat are similar to those of their parents.(71)PARTIALLY AGREEa.It is a beneficial choice to follow parent’s career. Children can get experience and advice from theirparents. Thus, it will take less time for them to get familiar with their career. Also, they will make fewer mistakes considering the constructive suggestion made by their parents.b.Children can inherit their parents’ social relationship which is important in achieving successful career.c.However, children should have their own right to choose what to pursue as a career. Only in this way canthey grow naturally and positively.19.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Automobile has dad greatereffects on society than airplanes.DISAGREEa.Airplanes travel greater distance with an amazing speed compared to automobile.b.Airplanes can be used as weapon which dramatically changed the world. During WW2.c.Airplanes stimulate economy to a greater extent than automobile. Global business, oil consumption, airlinecompany.20.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Famous entertainers andathletes deserve to have more privacy than they have now.AGREEa.Privacy is basic human rights and all should be equally treated involving privacy issue.b.Celebrities are suffering from intrusion of privacy to a ridiculous extent. They should be protected bylaw and government.c.However, celebrities should burden more responsibilities than ordinary people. Because they have a biginfluence on society, so their privacy will never be as equal as the ordinary.21.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is much easier to achievesuccess with help from one’s family nowadays than before.AGREEa.More chances are available nowadays than before. Thus, help from family may be more effective than before.b.Families have accumulated more fortune than they did decades ago. Accordingly, family can provide bettermaterial support to its member.munication technology narrowed the distance between people. Consequently, people will enjoy a broaderrange of social network, which will be of great significance in career.22.Some jobs can pay high salaries but require employees to leave their family andfriends. Some jobs pay few salaries but allow employees staying with family and friend. Which job do you prefer WhyPREFER HIGH SALARIESa.Technologies have made distance less a problem. Internet, airplane, high-speed rail.b.Higher salaries will guarantee the families a better living condition.c. A higher salary often suggests brighter working future. Thus, the career will be promising.23.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People who cannot acceptthe criticism from others will not be successful at working in a group.AGREEa.Having an opening attitude towards criticism will smooth the team and avoid conflicts. This make the teamfocuses much on establishing a harmonious environment rather than the work itself.b.People rejecting criticism are confident, most of the case, even conceit. This will make them never a goodlistener or speaker. Thus, won help each other.c.They themselves will never improve through teamwork, and they are constrained in their own circle. Hardfor them to think out of the box.24.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Your job has more effecton your happiness than your social life does.DISAGREE-THEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT AND MUTAULLY CONNECTEDa.Job will provide sense of achievement, social status recognition and material satisfactory.b.Social life, in most cases, gives us recreation, share of interest and family. Interest club, hang outwith friends, staying together with families.c.There is no clear line between job and social life. Co-workers can be good friends too. Families can starta business together, which attaches a working relationship over their kinship.25.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is impossible to becompletely honest with your friend.AGREEa.Honesty is a universally valued characteristic. Removing people’s guard when converse. Making the worlda better place to live.b.Though honest is a favorable virtue in most of the cases, it can to hurtful sometime. They have a badvoice when singing.c.Though morally required to help others, people are inclined to protect themselves from danger or trouble,and then considering other’s need and difficulty. It is not about education or society norms. People have this spontaneously.26.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People are now easier tobecome educated than in the past.AGREEa.Most of the world is free from the gripping of war. And this enable them more time and chance to receiveeducation.b.People’s awareness of the importance of technologies has significantly promoted education. Receivingeducation seems to be a promising way to guarantee a bright future.c.The advent of information age especially promoted by the pervasive usage of computer and internet madeit possible for children even in a remote area have equal access to knowledge.27.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The advice from ourgrandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.PARTIALLY AGREEa.It is true that some advice that are of no use because time has changed. Computer, new media.b.There are also some advice will give some useful information. How to make friends; deal with colleagues,academic experience.c.Some advice will always remain true regardless how time has changed. Stay honest, be diligent.28.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement College or universityshould offer more courses to prepare students for the future before they start working.AGREEa.Wide range knowledge will help students to be better-rounded. Broadening their horizons. Transferrableknowledge and skill.b.Help students find out what they really like to do and have a clearer career plan.c.Provided many courses available, students will gradually foster the ability to make reasonable arrangementand make the most of limited time, which are both crucial in career.29.Some people think university professor should spend more time doing researchwhile others think they should spend more time educating students. What is your viewTHEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT FOR UNIVERSITY PROFESSORSa.Research can make real breakthrough in scientific realm. Cure for cancer, remarkable improvement in energyefficiency.b.Research will benefit the greatest number of people. Invention of penicillin, telephone.c.Professor should also propel the research into the next generation and motivate the young to pursue academicachievements. Thus, educating students are of equal importance.30.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Patience is usually nota good strategy. We should take action now rather than later.NEUTRALd.They both have their merits. Patience can prevent people from impulsive action, which always lead toregrettable result.e.Patience can leave people enough time to get a clear view of the situation and prepare better for the comingassignment.f.Taking action in short time help people grasp once-or-never chances. Immediate reaction is in some casesnecessary such as first aid and playing sports.31.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It’s more important forgovernment to spend money to build art museums and music performance center than to building recreational facilities (such as swimming pool, playground).THEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANTa.Art museum and music center can help enhance public’s spiritual richness. Make public feel relaxed,promoted, and edified.b.Spiritual fulfillment and the rise in public aesthetic awareness will make a country or nation motivatedto be innovative and diligent.c.Basic recreational facilities are of the same importance. They will ensure a healthy body and positiveliving attitude.32.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People who go out fromtheir village will be more successful and happier than people who stay in their village.DISAGREEa.Though geographic location is an important factor, its impact on success is underlined with the adventof information age. Internet, computer.b.Village also provides a lot of chance to make a big achievement. Tourist industry, local economic boom.c.Individual‘s happiness and success has little to do with where they are, but relevant to what they do,how they work, and who they are with.33.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement An efficient leader willalways try to make everyone feel that he’s in part of decision making.DISAGREEa.It is every individual’s right to be informed about every d ecision the group or community are making.Because the decision should benefit the largest number of people in that community.b.Practice is not the same, making every individual part of decision-making, in some cases, will take foreverto reach the final solution.c.Leader will consider in a long-term while most people prefer pursuing instant benefit and put longer interestat stake.34.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is better to relax bya movie or reading a book than doing physical exercise.DISAGREEa.Reading book or watching movie can help those who are physically fatigued to relax. But it will involveintensive brain exercise.b.Reading book sometime consume no less energy than moderate physical exercise including jogging or walking.c.Physical exercise can lends mental relieve and be a great distraction if someone is under great workingor studying pressure. Also, it can improve health which in turn guarantees a better physical condition to deal with more problems. Playing basketball, running, swimming.35.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In order to succeed, youshould be more like others than be different from everyone else.BEING A SOCIAL AND UNIQUE PERSONa.Being totally ordinary will prevent a person from standing out in a group of people. Thus, he/she willnot have a good chance to be successful.b.Being dramatically eccentric will make someone isolated, and no one will make friends with him/her.Consequently, they are impossible to succeed because they lack other’s sup port.c.Man should be social, having a good social network. At the mean time, they need to have unique techniqueor skill that most people do not in order to be successful.。

（一）综合写作All the more 尤其At best 充其量姑且Hold water （理论、计划等）证明正确合理，说得通，（容器）不漏水;言之有理综合写作（1+3）综合写作流1、Direction(1min)2、Reading(3min)——230-300 words academic articles3、Listening(2min)——the topic is same as reading4、Writing(20min)——200-220 words best综合写作要求：1、topic: academic2、不能写自己的观点3、写阅读和听力之间的联系（OPPOSE 三驳三）驳斥的种类：（1）优点被驳斥（2）缺点被驳斥（3）证据被驳斥应试攻略：（1）找例子：typically, suppose, for example, take..example, especially, actually, in fact （2）找原因：since, because, the reason why, due to, thank to, owing to（3）找结构性连词：a)“结果”: so, therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a resultb)“让步”和”转折”：in contrast, on the contrast, nevertheless, still, yet阅读要义读完一句，用简洁中英文或符号记下大意重点关注两类词：（1）文中反复出现的词（2）实义动词听力要义（1）阅读中出现过的词（2）听具有知己意义的词（实义动词、形容词）写作要义（1+3）1、开头段：写一段表明Reading 和Lecture 的联系（1）综合写作话题（2）阅读中心论点（3）听力中心论点2、主体部分：写三段（1）每段一对一的阐述（2）每段结构：过渡性连词（首先，其次，再次）句群1：阅读的分论点+阅读的细节句群2：听力的分论点+听力的细节开头段框架:The reading and listening materials have a conflict of opinions about……The writers believe that ………...which is contradicted by the following lecture.（1）Conflict——>debate/argument/discussion/dispute/controversy（2）About——>concerning/regarding/as to/with regards to/pertaining to（3）Believe——>consider/deem/advocate/insist（4）Contradicted——>disagree/oppose/refute/retort每段框架表达句（1）The reading states that…….On the contrary, the lecture points out that….（2）Although it is said in the passage that…..The lecture holds the view point that…..（3）The passage maintains that…..However, professor offers a different idea about….（4）The writer contends that……..while the speaker views this issue from an oppo site angle.According to her/him…..（5）The author asserts that….Nevertheless, the speaker oppose this claim by saying that……（6）The passage argues that…..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作框架：The reading and listening materials have a debate of opinions concerning that……The writers support that ………...which is opposed by the following lecture.First of all, the reading maintains that………However, the lecture points out that……Secondly, although it is said in the passage that ………., the speaker holds the view that……. Finally, the author asserts that ………..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作注意点：1、阅读材料的论点和细节的关键信息都要写！2、重点写听力的内容（越多越好）3、要更加注意整体篇章的把握，不要过于注重细小的错误。

《新托福》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：硕士英语 ( 新托福听说读写)课程英文名称： Insights to IBT TOEFL课程学分： 3 分课内学时： 48 学时课程类别：必修课程性质：学位课授课方式：讲授考核方式：口试、笔试、闭卷一、课程的性质、任务与基本要求(一)性质与任务《新托福》课程是研究生第一学期的一门必修课程。

此课程涵盖托福听力、托福口语、托福阅读和托福写作，对考试内容、提问方式、解题方法和考试技巧进行逐一的讲解和全面的介绍，并且提供模拟试题，以帮助学习对托福考试的形式、要求、难度等有一个全面的了解，提高使用英语的能力。

(二)基本要求本课程终结时，学生应达到如下要求：1、托福听力：托福听力考试的材料类型和题目形式，听具体信息活细节，听总体内容或大意，听暗示内容，听作者观点或态度，听总体结构和其标志词的技巧；2、托福口语：托福口语考试的题目形式，口语流利技巧，产生参与和扩大谈话的愿望，阐述个人感受，如何简答，话题深入讨论；3、托福阅读：托福阅读的材料内省和题目形式，快读 /浏览获取具体信息，识别论点与论证，整体阅读段落大意，中心思想，意义重述，区分观点与事实的技巧；4、托福写作：托福学术写作的题目形式，审题、收集素材、构思、提出观点、让步、评价和反驳、定义与解释、主题句与论证、前后一致、难句写作等。

二、主要教学内容及教学要求THE LISTENING MODULEUnit 1 Introduction主要教学内容1、 General information2、 Listening Test Format3、 Questions Type教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，熟悉托福听力的基本构成与题目类型。

Unit 2 Listening Strategies and Skills主要教学内容1、Listening for specific information2、 Identifying detail3、 Identifying main ideas4、 Seeing beyond the surface meaning5、 Following signpost words6、 Being aware of stress, rhythm and intonation教学要求要求同学们掌握托福听力的基本技巧，能够掌握听力基本技能并提高英语的运用技能。

托福写作课程大纲1.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.不同意人类对于农田、房屋和工业的需要要比保护濒危动物重要（1）如果不保护濒危动物，那么会对环境造成巨大的破坏（2）濒危动物endangered animals的消失，会为动物学和生物学带来巨大的损失（3）再说明人类对于农田、房屋和工业的需要也非常重要，但是保护濒危动物也是必要的。

2.What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.计算机技能是最重要的（1）计算机是工作中必须的。

不会计算机软件的话，无法进行工作和学习（2）计算机已经成为人们互相交流的重要方面，如电子邮件等等。

（3）计算机技能能够大量的节省时间。

一个成功的人必须把精力抽出来放在最重要的事情上3. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.人们喜欢危险运动的原因在于：（1）现在的生活压力很大，生活枯燥，危险运动能够放松自己，给自己一些刺激 stimulus（2）危险运动能够带来巨大的金钱收益（3）危险运动能够展示自己4. Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.更喜欢和同伴旅行：（1）和同伴旅行，能够互相照顾look after each other，比较安全（2）和同伴旅行，成本会比较低（3）和同伴旅行，能够更好的观赏旅游景点5. Some people prefer to get up early in the morning and start the day's work. Others prefer to get up later in the day and work until late at night. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.我更喜欢早上起的早些（1）早起对身体是比较好，（2）早起能够提高效率，利用时间（3）早点起，进行工作是公司所愿意看到的，因为很多业务都是在早上进行。

教学目标：1. 让学生了解托福综合写作的考试形式和评分标准。

2. 帮助学生掌握综合写作的模板结构和写作技巧。

3. 提高学生的英语写作能力和逻辑思维能力。

教学时间：2课时教学准备：1. 托福综合写作真题若干份。

2. 综合写作模板示例。

3. 学生笔记本和笔。

教学过程：第一课时：一、导入1. 向学生介绍托福综合写作的考试形式和评分标准。

2. 通过展示真题，让学生了解综合写作的具体要求。

二、讲解综合写作模板1. 介绍综合写作的模板结构，包括引言、主体段落和结论。

2. 通过模板示例，讲解每个部分的具体写作技巧。

三、学生练习1. 分发托福综合写作真题，要求学生在规定时间内完成。

2. 学生完成写作后，进行小组讨论，分享各自的观点和写作思路。

四、教师点评1. 针对学生的写作，进行一对一的点评和指导。

2. 强调模板的正确使用和写作技巧的重要性。

第二课时：一、复习上节课的内容1. 回顾综合写作的模板结构和写作技巧。

2. 学生分享上节课的写作心得。

二、模拟练习1. 教师提供一篇阅读文章和一段听力材料，要求学生在规定时间内完成综合写作。

2. 学生完成写作后，进行小组讨论，分享各自的观点和写作思路。

三、教师点评1. 针对学生的写作，进行一对一的点评和指导。

2. 强调模板的正确使用和写作技巧的重要性。

四、总结1. 对本次课程进行总结，强调综合写作模板的运用。

2. 布置课后作业，要求学生根据模板练习综合写作。

教学反思：1. 通过本次课程，学生掌握了托福综合写作的模板结构和写作技巧，提高了英语写作能力。

2. 在点评环节，学生能够积极互动，分享自己的写作心得，有助于提高学生的逻辑思维能力。

3. 教师在教学中应注重引导学生正确使用模板，避免模板化写作，培养学生的个性化写作风格。

课后作业：1. 根据模板练习综合写作，选取一篇阅读文章和一段听力材料，完成一篇综合写作。

2. 课后与同学交流写作心得，互相学习和提高。

托福写作强化班教学大纲Curriculum for TOEFL Writing I OutlineThe following is an outline for the TOEFL Writing I course.1.Course nThis course is designed to help students improve their writing skills for the TOEFL exam.2.Test nThe writing n of the TOEFL exam consists of two tasks: the integrated task and the independent task.Reading Time: 3 minutesListening Time: 2 minutesWriting Time: 20 minutes for integrated task and 30 minutes for independent task3.XXXThe total time for the writing n is 50 minutes。

which is divided into two parts:Integrated Writing (20 minutes): Students must read a passage and listen to a related passage。

and then summarize both in about 150 to 225 words.Independent Writing (30 minutes): Students must write an essay on a given topic。

either agreeing or disagreeing with it or making a comparison.4.Test XXXThe writing n of the TOEFL exam is XXX:Effectively addresses the writing topic and taskXXXUses specific details and examples to support the viewXXX。