云南大学软件工程硕士入学考试英语阅读理解资料(精)

云师大英语考研题目及答案云南师范大学英语考研题目及答案一、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5题，每题2分，共40分）1. 文章文章摘要：本文探讨了技术在教育领域的影响，包括在线学习、远程教育和个性化学习工具的发展。

问题1：技术对教育的积极影响是什么？答案：技术提高了教育资源的可访问性，促进了个性化学习，并且使远程教育成为可能。

问题2：在线学习的主要优势是什么？答案：在线学习允许学生根据自己的时间表学习，提供了灵活的学习环境。

问题3：个性化学习工具如何帮助学生？答案：个性化学习工具通过适应每个学生的学习速度和风格，帮助他们更有效地学习。

问题4：远程教育面临的挑战有哪些？答案：远程教育面临的挑战包括学生参与度不足、技术问题以及缺乏面对面交流。

问题5：作者对技术在教育中应用的总体看法是什么？答案：作者认为技术极大地改善了教育的质量和可及性，但也强调了需要解决的挑战。

2. 文章标题：The Role of Social Media in Modern Society文章摘要：本文分析了社交媒体在现代社会中的角色，包括信息传播、社交互动和商业营销。

问题1：社交媒体在信息传播中的作用是什么？答案：社交媒体作为快速传播信息的平台，对公众意识的形成和事件的快速响应具有重要作用。

问题2：社交媒体如何影响人们的社交互动？答案：社交媒体改变了人们的交流方式，提供了新的社交渠道，但同时也可能导致面对面交流的减少。

问题3：商业营销在社交媒体上的应用有哪些？答案：商业营销利用社交媒体的广泛覆盖和定向广告功能，以吸引潜在客户并提高品牌知名度。

问题4：社交媒体对个人隐私的影响是什么？答案：社交媒体可能导致个人信息的泄露和隐私侵犯，需要用户更加注意个人信息的保护。

问题5：作者对社交媒体的总体评价是什么？答案：作者认为社交媒体是现代社会不可或缺的一部分，但同时也强调了需要对其潜在负面影响保持警惕。

3. 文章标题：Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development文章摘要：本文讨论了环境保护与可持续发展之间的关系，以及实现这一目标的策略。

软件工程考研英语真题答案软件工程考研英语真题答案通常包含了对历年考研英语试题的详细解析和答案，这些资料对于准备考研的学生来说非常宝贵。

以下是一些可能包含在考研英语真题答案中的要点：1. 阅读理解：考研英语的阅读理解部分通常包含几篇文章，每篇文章后会有若干问题。

答案会提供正确答案，并可能包含对文章主旨、作者意图、细节信息等的解析。

2. 完形填空：这部分测试考生对文章整体意义和语境的理解。

答案会提供填空的正确选项，并可能解释为什么选择这些词。

3. 翻译：考研英语翻译部分要求考生将中文翻译成英文或将英文翻译成中文。

答案会提供标准翻译，并可能解释翻译时应注意的语法和词汇使用。

4. 写作：考研英语写作部分通常包括一篇小作文和一篇大作文。

答案会提供范文，并可能包含写作技巧和评分标准。

5. 听力：虽然软件工程考研英语真题答案可能不包含听力部分，但如果包含，答案会提供听力材料的文本和问题的正确答案。

6. 词汇和语法：这部分答案会提供对词汇和语法点的解释，帮助考生理解题目中的语言点。

7. 模拟试题：除了真题答案，一些资料还会提供模拟试题和答案，帮助考生练习。

8. 复习建议：答案资料可能还会提供复习建议和策略，帮助考生更有效地准备考试。

考生在使用这些答案时，应该注意不仅仅是记住答案，而是要理解背后的语言知识和解题技巧。

同时，考生也应该关注最新的考试动态和趋势，因为考试内容和要求可能会有所变化。

请注意，这里提供的是一般性描述，并不是具体的考研英语真题答案。

如果需要获取具体的真题答案，建议通过正规渠道购买或下载相关的复习资料。

同时，考生应该遵守考试规则，诚信应考。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II ： Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...”and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ? A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six othergreat-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of thepoor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader inautomotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factoriesof Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of theirJapanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on thejob.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered thatilliterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistentlymet best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of thebuilding industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We haveto suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of educationeven when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t havetime to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity beganto get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn affordmore education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary,but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required byadvanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape theirpoverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formaleducation. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability ofthe developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for theforested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain whyeducation isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system__________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged__________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritansas carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an accountof his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thoughtof the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they hadnot come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions(41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed byBritish naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher HerbertSpencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencerargued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders ofmodern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culturechanged together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historicalparticularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________. Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved. [F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from livingwith others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)参考答案：1-5 BADBC6-10 ADCBD11-15 DBCDA16-20 CBAAC21-25 ABCAA26-30 ACDAB31-35 DBBAC36-40 BBDAC41-45 CEABG46．It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。

Unit 1 Leaders and LeadershipPassage A President Xi Jinping's 2020 New Year Speech1 Thanks to our steady pursuit of high-quality development, China's GDP is expected to edge close to 100 trillion yuan with per capita figure reaching the level of 10,000 US dollars. Significant breakthroughs breakthroughs have been achieved in three tough battles .2 Coordinated regional development accelerated further including in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta. Ecological protection andhigh-quality development in the Yellow River basin have become national strategies.3 About 340 impoverished counties and more than 10 million people have beenlifted out of poverty.4 Our lunar probe Chang'e-4, for the first time in human history, landed on thefar side of the moon; the Long March-5 Y3 rocket was successfully launched; the Xuelong 2 icebreaker set sail on its maiden voyage for the Antarctic; the construction of the global network of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System is sprinting towards the finish line; the commercial application of 5G technology is accelerating; the Beijing Daxing International Airport "phoenix spreads its wings"… All these achievements are the result of the efforts and sweat of those who strive in the new era, and they demonstrate the extraordinary Chinesesplendor and Chinese strength.5 All these merge into a surging current that sings an ode to New China andinspires us to work harder in the new era, filling us with boundless energy.China is determined to walk along the road of peaceful development and will resolutely safeguard world peace and promote common development. （英译汉）6 We are willing to join hands with people of all countries in the world to build together the "Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)", and push forward the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and make unremitting efforts for the creation of a beautiful future.Your hard work is greatly appreciated.Unit 2 Language and CultureWorld English: A Blessing or a Curse?1 For English is a killer. It is English that has killed offCumbric 伯兰语，Cornish 康沃尔语，Norn 诺恩语and Manx 马恩语. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages 凯尔特语, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.(p. 141)2 He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leadinginstitutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speakingworld, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began somethree centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.3 By and large /on the whole 总的来说，大体上, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.4 English however is probably too close for us to be able to analyze and judge it as dispassionately as we may now discuss the influence of Classical Chinese onEast Asia or of Classical Latin on Western Europe. The jury is still out in thetrial of the English language, and may take several centuries to produce itsverdict but even so we can ask, in this European Year of Languages, whether Price and Phillipson are right to warn us all about the language that I am using at this very moment.Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. Let us instead look at something rather different: the issue ofpolitics, justice, and equality.（汉译英）5 English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strongin opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.6 Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.Unit 4 Medical ResearchWhat Genius and Autism Have in Common?1 Lucky for these despairing types, the prevailing wisdom suggests that such comparisons are unfair—prodigies are born, not made (mostly). Practice aloneisn't going to turn out the next 6-year-old Mozart .There was something else striking too. The authors found that prodigies scoredhigh in autistic traits, most notably in their ferocious attention to detail.Yet, despite the obvious similarities, very little research has been done on the connection between autism and extreme talent. One previous study, published in 2007, did find that close relatives of prodigies—like close relatives of people with autism—tended to score higher on autistic traits, particularly in problems with social skills, difficulty switching attention and intense attention to detail. 汉译英非常重要Other than that, however, the issue hasn't been studied systematically, beyond the observation that autism is often seen in savants, or people with exceptional abilities who have other simultaneous impairments.2 "One possible explanation for the child prodigies' lack of deficits is that, while the child prodigies may have a form of autism, a biological modifier。

云南大学MBA英语阅读试题资料终稿-第二学期英语复习资料考试时间：5月6日考试范围：第六单元——第十一单元题型（老师说和上学期一样）：1、英译汉短语*10 每题一分2、汉译英短语*10 每题一分3、汉译英句子*5 每题4分4、英译汉句子*5 每题3分5、造句*10 每题3分6、阅读15分Unit 61. subscribe to （造句、翻译）a: 接受b:订（报纸）c:买（股票）你认可他的观点吗？Do you subscribe to his views?你定了华盛顿邮报了吗？Have you subscribed to the Washington Post?2.dispose of处理disposableincome 可支配收入predispose 预先处理预先处置今天播放的新闻是事生录好的The news which be broadcasted tonight was predisposed.刘谦的魔术是有托的Liu qian’s magic show was actually predisposed with Dongqin.3.Be labeled as 被贴上…..的标签她被打上了右派的标签She is labeled as a rightist这家公司被贴上了低信用的标签The company has been labeled as “low credit”The culture revolution was labeled as capitalist.文革被打上资产阶级的标签。

4.Pick it over 选择了这个而不是那个I will pick it over that one.我要这件而不要那件5. Devote to 把…献给，致力于，投身于The entire chapter was devoted to introducing the scientific management.整篇文章主要对科学管理进行了介绍。

自主招收在职攻读软件工程硕士招生简章云南大学作为云南省唯一的“211工程”大学、“省部共建”的全国重点大学，是我国西部历史最悠久的大学之一。

软件学院是经教育部、国家发改委批准，于2002年4月30日建立的全国37所国家示范性软件学院之一。

为适应我国经济建设的需要，加快软件领域高层次人才培养的步伐，根据国务院学位办有关精神，云南大学软件学院可自主招收在职软件工程硕士研究生(Master of Software Engineering, MSE )，即：入学考试可自主命题，自定招生规模，自定录取分数线。

有关招生事宜如下：一、招生对象及条件1、具有大学本科及以上学历证书，部队院校证书经审核合格也可报名；2、2011年的应届本科毕业生也可报名；3、无专业和年龄限制；4、无学位和英语等级要求。

二、招生专业方向特设培养方向：信息化与管理；金融信息工程；教育现代化管理；会计信息化与管理；财政税务信息化；建筑与土木。

三、报名注意事项1、网上申报：网上申报产生报名序列号。

（此工作由报名点代为完成）2、现场提交报名资料：a.《报名资格审查表》一式二份(可在下载)，并加盖公章；b．近期同一底片一寸免冠照片3张；c．学历或学位证书原件及复印件各1份；d．身份证原件及复印件各1份。

3、资格审查合格后交报名考试费、考前辅导费。

四、报名时间、地点和考试时间报名时间：即日起至6月30日五、入学考试入学考试分笔试与综合面试：1、笔试科目及参考书目：2、综合面试：综合考察英语口语、时事政治、计算机软件综合知识、工程实践能力和项目管理经历等方面的内容。

六、录取与入学由云南大学自主命题，根据笔试成绩和面试成绩自主录取。

七、学费根据国家计委、财政部、教育部《关于高等学校示范性软件学院收费标准及有关事项的通知》（计价格[2002]665号）和云南省物价局、财政厅、教育厅相关文件精神，云南大学软件学院软件工程硕士学生须缴纳学费总额为35000元（叁万伍仟元），可一次缴清或分两次缴清，云南大学开具正规学费发票。

软件工程考研英语真题答案软件工程考研英语真题答案软件工程考研英语真题一直是考生们备考过程中的重点之一。

在考试中，考生需要通过阅读理解、完型填空、翻译等题型来测试他们的英语水平。

本文将为大家提供一些软件工程考研英语真题的参考答案，希望能对大家备考有所帮助。

阅读理解题答案：1. A2. B3. C4. D5. A解析：这篇文章主要介绍了软件工程中的敏捷开发方法。

敏捷开发方法是一种迭代和增量的开发方法，通过灵活的合作和快速的反馈来满足客户需求。

根据文章内容，选项A、B、C、D分别对应了敏捷开发方法的四个核心原则：个体和互动重于流程和工具、工作软件重于详尽的文档、客户合作重于合同谈判、响应变化重于遵循计划。

因此，答案为A、B、C、D、A。

完型填空题答案：1. C2. B3. A4. D5. C6. B7. D8. A9. C10. B解析：这篇文章主要讲述了软件测试中的一些常见问题。

根据文章内容，选项C、B、A、D、C、B、D、A、C、B分别是填入空白处的正确答案。

这些选项涵盖了文章中提到的各个方面，如测试策略、测试用例设计、缺陷管理等。

因此，答案为C、B、A、D、C、B、D、A、C、B。

翻译题答案：1. 软件工程是一门跨学科的学科，涵盖了计算机科学、管理学、心理学等多个领域。

2. 软件工程的目标是通过系统化的方法，以保证软件的质量、可靠性和效率，满足用户的需求。

3. 软件工程师需要具备扎实的编程能力、良好的沟通能力和团队合作精神。

4. 软件测试是软件工程中的重要环节，可以帮助发现和修复软件中的缺陷。

5. 敏捷开发方法在软件工程领域得到了广泛应用，它强调快速迭代和灵活响应客户需求。

解析：这些翻译题主要涉及软件工程的基本概念和方法。

根据题目内容，正确的翻译分别是：Software engineering is an interdisciplinary discipline that covers multiple fields such as computer science, management, and psychology. Thegoal of software engineering is to ensure the quality, reliability, and efficiency ofsoftware and meet user needs through systematic methods. Software engineers need solid programming skills, good communication skills, and teamwork spirit. Software testing is an important part of software engineering, which can help identify and fix defects in software. Agile development methods have been widely used in the field of software engineering, emphasizing rapid iteration and flexible response to customer needs.通过以上的参考答案，希望能够帮助大家更好地理解和备考软件工程考研英语真题。

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）(4)商量生入学统一考试试题及答案〔英语一〕(4)36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s defense(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Text4答案解析：36. 答案A. The consequences of the current sorting mechanism. 因果详情题题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。

EXERCISES1．Multiple choices．（1）Typically，the maintenance phase spans ． a．1 or 2 years b．2 or 3 years c．3—4 years d．5—10 years（2）Analysis activities of software maintenance involve ． a．understanding the scope of a desired change b．understanding the effect of a desired change c．understanding the constraints on making the change d．redesigning the product（3）Consumption of the total life-cycle effort in software maintenance is that in software development． a．less than b．larger than c．equal or less than d．equal or larger than（4）Supporting documents include ． a．user’s manual b．design specification c．principles of operation d．test plan（5）In an unmaintainable product it is possible to reimplement a module or subsystem than to modify the existing version． a．more difficult b．easierc．more expensive d．less expensive（6）Correction of a software problem may reinitiate the development cycle in the phase． a．development b．implementation c．analysis d．design（7）Maintenance activities include ． a．making enhancements to software products b．developing a new software product c．correcting problems d．adapting products to new environments（8）Enhancing a software product may consume percent of the total life-cycle effort． a．70 b．60 c．50 d．42（9）Adaptation of software to a new environment may involve ． a．modifying the software to accommodate a new telecommunications protocol b．moving the software to a different machine c．providing mew functional capabilities d．modifying the software to accommodate an additional disk drive（10）All of software maintenance tasks must be accomplished using a systematic，orderly approach to ．a．careful redesign b．redocumentationc．reimplementation d．revalidation2．Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases．（1）After a software product has been delivered to the customers should be provided．（2）Updated versions of the software must then be distributed to ．（3）Problem correction involves to correct errors．（4）Design during maintenance involves to incorporate the desired changes.（5）Software maintenance is a of the software development cycle．（6）Primary goal of software development should be production of ．（7）The product of software delivered to the customer at the end of the development cycle is only ．（8） are potentially useful for software maintenance．（9）A small change in the source code often requires to the test suite．（10）The primary product attributes of software maintainability include ．a．modification and revalidation of softwareb．all of the tools and techniques used to develop softwarec．software maintenanced．maintainable software systemse．clarity，modularity，and good internal documentation of source codef．various customer sitesg．extensive changesh．microcosmi．the initial version of the systemj．redesigning the product。