1.Some people like to work in a team. Others would
rather work individually. Which do you prefer and why?
As we know,“When everybody adds fuel, the flames rise high”. In my opinion, I prefer to work in a team. Because there are many advantages of group working.
Firstly, In a team, we can share our opinions and brainstorm when we want to do some plans or activities, which is time-saving.
Secondly, we can cooperate with teammates to solve problems easily when we met some difficulties.
Thirdly, It`s convenient for us to get information and learn something we don`t be familiar with from people surrounding us.
Above all, I think that working in a group is more interesting and urge me to work harder.
2. Please comment on the following statement: Computer
ethics contribute to a better and safe use of computers in our daily life.
With the rapid development of technology, the computer plays an essential role in our daily life. When we are enjoying the big convenience of computer, there is also a serious network security problem that we can't ignore.
Network moral crisis of the users, which resulted from dislocation of network morality, is the universal problem in network society. Some kinds of cyber crime emerge. Such as attacking other people's computer systems, stealing other people's classified files and spreading false information, which are unethical. Our information faces a series of problems. Therefore, we need to establish ethical standards, laws and regulations to ensure network civilization and security. Only in this way can we have a healthy Internet Environment. So, computer ethics contribute to a better and safe use of computers in our daily life.
3.Why are we loosing productive land? How shall we
address the land problems?
Each year more and more land becomes degraded. We are losing productive land. New dry areas are developing and expanding. I’m talking about new dry areas, areas where land has been declining in quality.
The first is overgrazing by farm animals. Overgrazing, overcutting, and farming methods.
Second, overcutting of trees also contributes to the loss of good land. The main problem is too many trees are cut and not replanted. There is nothing to hold the good soil. Wind and water carry the good soil away and it erodes quickly, leaving land that is dry and less productive.
Third, Population is increasing, Contaminated land will not be used for production. Example Fukushima nuclear leak （福岛核泄漏）
1. Set up some organizations , that are working to help countries or communities look at their special problems and figure out what possible changes they can make to protect their land.
2. Strengthen pollution control, reduce pollution, especially difficult to control pollution
3. Scientific grazing, Improve land utilization.
Of course, it is important to rely on the government's active land policy.
4. Are you for or against the wide application of DNA testing?
As we know, DNA which to some extents determines what we look like, what we like to do, and what our future will be.
Due to the information that DNA contains, scientists have found a way to identify possible genetic relationship between two persons, which helps people find their lost children or ancestors.
What`s more, DNA testing can be used for criminal investigation. The policemen can easily find the suspect by detecting the DNA in the hair of something else that is part of the suspect`s body.
Also, DNA testing can be used to predict and diagnose
disease, then you can take some measures to improve the environment and living habits on time.
Above all, I insist that the wide application of DNA is helpful for people, although we may met some ethical problems when we use it.
5.What recommendations will you give to those who want to stay health?
As an old saying goes,Happiness lies first of all in health, it means that health is very important for us. So how to stay health?
Firstly, We should keep a balanced diet and eat more healthy food like meat and vegetables.
Lesson 1 Introduction 第一课介绍 introduction介绍；推荐come来here向这里，到这里yes是，嗳，我在这儿mom妈妈pleased 欣喜的；愉快的see会面，晤见；遇见so如是，如此 Mom: Come here, Bo-Bo.来，波波。 Bo-Bo: Yes, Mom? 什么事，妈妈？ Mom: This is Li-Li.这是莉莉。 Bo-Bo:How do you do?你好！ Li-Li: How do you do? 你好！ Bo-Bo: Pleased to see you.见到你很高兴。 Li-Li: So am I.我也是。 Lesson 2 Greetings and Goodbye 第二课问候与再见 hello喂! fine有精神的，健康的thank感谢，谢谢very很，非常well健康的，安好的 So long! 再见！ Li-Li: Hello, Bo-Bo! 你好，波波！ Bo-Bo:Hello,Li-Li!你好，莉莉！ Li-Li: How are you? 你好吗？ Bo-Bo: I'm fine, thank you. And you? 我很好，谢谢你。你呢？ Li-Li: Very well, thanks.很好，谢谢。 Bo-Bo: Good-bye, Li-Li.再见，莉莉。 Li-Li: So long!再见！ Lesson 3 About Bo-Bo's Family 第三课波波的一家 Li-Li: How many people are there in your family, Bo-Bo?波波，你家有几口人？ Bo-Bo: There are three: Father, Mother and I.有三口人：爸爸、妈妈和我。 Li-Li: What is your father? 你爸爸是做什么的？ Bo-Bo: He is a professor. 他是位教授。 Li-Li: And what is your mother's job? 那你妈妈是干什么工作的呢？ Bo-Bo: She is a writer. 她是位作家。 I love my parents very much. 我非常爱我的父母亲。 how many (成语)多少people人，人们professor (大学)教授job工作，职业writer作家；作者 love爱，热爱parents父亲；母亲；双亲very much非常，很 Lesson 4 Getting up 第四课起床
大学英语口语测试试题 1.Shopping 1)Do you enjoy shopping? Why or why not? I seldom go shopping. It takes too much time. I like to go shopping very much. It is so interesting. 2) What do you usually buy when you go shopping? I only shop for daily necessities, such as toothbrush, toothpaste, toilet paper, cleansing cream, soap, shampoo, washing powder… I like music/books so sometimes I go to campus bookstores to look for my favorite CDs/the recent bestsellers. 3) Where do you usually go shopping, supermarkets or department stores? Downtown or in campus stores ? I usually do my shopping at large supermarkets/campus stores/shops nearby since they often have good buys/it saves time. I enjoy shopping at supermarkets. I love to see shelf on shelf stacked with all kinds of delicious /nice things. Supermarkets are so convenient. You can get almost everything you want in a big supermarket. I hate shopping in a supermarket. It’s always so crowded/the quality of goods is questionable/not so good/ not guaranteed. I like going shopping in big department stores downtown because I think they offer a better service. 4)When you buy a dress or a coat, which do you give first priority to: color, price, quality, style or brand name? I think price/color/style/quality is the most important. I love to buy clothes that are in fashion but they are mostly too expensive for me. I love buying things when they are on sale and I often manage to get a good deal. 5) Do you enjoy bargaining? Are you good at it? I love sales/enjoy bargaining/am good at bargaining with street peddlers. I always/never ask for a discount. 2. Sports 1) Do you like sports? What is your favorite sport? I like swimming/jogging/fishing/tennis, etc. My favorite sport is basket/volleyball/football, etc. 2)Do you like jogging? Why or why not? Jogging is considered a healthy sport for both the young and the old/for people of all ages. Many people begin jogging because they believe it is a very good form of exercise/can make their hearts stronger / can help them lose weight. Jogging against the cold wind is also a test of one’s will power. 3)Why do people need to play sports? Playing sports can help us to relax. Sitting in a chair all day has made me very lazy. I can get my figure back if I play a sport. I can meet some new friends when I play sports.
一．关于姓名 1.What’s your name, please? 2.Can/Could/Will/Would you tell me/us your name, please? 3.May I ask your name, please? 4.May I have your name, please? 回答： 1.My name is Li Ming. 2. I’m Li Ming. 3. You can call me Li Ming. 5.Just call me Li Ming. 二．关于年龄 1.How old are you? 2. What’s your age? 3. When were you born? 4. Can/Could/Will/Would you tell me/us your age, please? 1.I’m fourteen (years old). 2.I was born in (May) 1986. or I was born on May4th, 1985. 三．关于出生地 1.Where are you from? 2. Where do you come from? 3. Are you from Beijing? 4. Where were you born? 回答： 1. I’m from Shanghai. 2. I come from Shanghai. 3. I was born in Shanghai.
4. Yes, I’m from Beijing. 5. No, I’m not from Beijing. I’m from Shanghai. 四．关于职业 1.Are you a student? You are a student, aren’t you? 2. Do you study? 3.Do you work? 4. Have you got a job? 5. What do you study? 6. Do you like it? or Do you like studying computer science? Yes, I do. 7. Why do you like it? Because it’s very interesting. / Because I enjoy it very much. 8. What do you do? / What’s your job? 9. Do you like your job? No, I don’t. / Not at all. 10. Why don’t you like it? Because it’s not interesting. / Because I have to work so long every day and it makes me tired. 11. Do you want to change your job? Yes. Why? Because I’ve done the same job for a long time. I want to learn more and more things. 1. Which school are you in? 2. What subjects do you study? 3. Do you study computer? 4. Which subject do you like best? Why? I like maths best. Because I think it’s very interesting and useful. 5. Which subjects are you good at? 6. Which subject is the most difficult? Why? I think physics is the most difficult, because I often don’t do well in physics exams. 7. Which subjects do you like? Why? I like Chinese and English.
口语对话 1 赶时髦(go after fashion) A: Fashion show is around the corner, I’m so excited! 时装表演即将来临，我很兴奋！ B: Are there any good!这有什么好的！ A: I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes; they looked pretty nice to me. I think you don’t like it! Why?我没看出衣服有任何问题；在我看来它们都很不错。我觉得你不喜欢！为什么？ B: It was dumb. I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that. 这是愚蠢的。我认为女人们穿成那样是很愚蠢的。 A: The benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom. 仁者见仁，智者见智。 B: Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around the streets? 你真的认为人们可以穿那种东西走在街上？ A: Yes, I do. At least, some people certainly can. They wear high-fashion clothes to show off their sense of style and wealth. 是的，我这样认为。至少，有人一定会。他们穿着时尚的衣服展示他们的时尚感和财富。 B: Well. I still think they're dumb. It makes more sense to spend the money on more practical purposes.我仍然认为他们是愚蠢的。把更多的钱花在更有意义的地方比较实际。 A: So you think it's bad if I wear it?所以你认为我穿成这样很不好吗？B: If you wear it I must speak nice! 如果你穿成这样我一定说它很好看！A: I know you will say that.我就知道你会这样说。 B: Only you know me!知我者非你莫属！ 2 食品安全(food security)
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
Daily Conversations 1 寒暄介绍 Greeting and Introductions 对话： A:Hello, Mr. Liu. Let me introduce you to Mr. James. Mr. James, this is Mr. Liu, a visitor of me. B:Hello, Mr. James. Nice to meet you. C:Nice to meet you too. I have heard a lot about you. B:Really Nothing bad, I hope. C:Of course not. You made a lot of new equipment by yourself. B:Yes. I like this work. C:Great! We may need your help later on. B:Sure. Just let me know when. C:Thanks. I will talk to you later. 补充句型： 1.Hi! How are you/ How are you doing你好吗 2.Hi! It ’ s nice to meet you!你好，很高兴见到你。 3.You look well.你看起来气色不错。 4.Fancy meeting you here.真想不到在这儿碰上你。 5.I don ’t think I’ve had the pleasure.我想我未曾有幸见过你。 6.Long time no see.好久不见。 7.I ’d like to introduce myself.My nameis Jane, and I ama middle school student in Xi ’ an. 我来做一下自我介绍，我叫简，是来自西安的一名初中生。 8.Hello, Mr. Wu, let meintroduce you to Mr. Liu. He is our new headmaster. 你好，吴先生，让我给你介绍一下刘先生，他是我们的新校长。 9. A pleasure to meet you, Mr. Bruse.很荣幸认识你，布鲁斯先生。 10.I ’ve heard a lot about you, Betty, now I finally have the chance to meet you in person.贝蒂，久仰大名，今天终于有幸见到你了。 2 天气 About weather 对话： A:Good morning Dad, How is the weather today B:Not so good. It’ s windy. A:Well, can we go out for our picnic as we talked last night B:I do not think so. It seems to rain. We’ d better stay at home today. A:Oh, come on Dad. You promised me. B:I ’ m sorry, son. But the weather outside is bad, and it will be raining all these days. A:When will this wet weather clear up B:The weather report said next week. Maybe next weekend we can go hiking. A:Ok, deal B:Yeah, it’s a deal. 补充句型：
以下为爱麟霖/(Curlylin)倾情奉献，需要的朋友可以参考一下 7. Friendship (Listening and Speaking Course, Unit 3; Integrated Course, Unit 2) 1) Do you have many friends? What kind of people do you want to make friends with? Why? Yes. I’d like to make friends with loyal people. In my opinion,a friend is a person who can share his/hers happiness with you, who can lend you a shoulder when you cry,who can give you a hand when you are in trouble without asking for anything in return. In a word,a friend in need is a friend indeed, I think a loyal people can do the things which were mentioned above for his/hers true friend. So I prefer to make friends with loyal people, and I also believe I am a loyal people who you can make friends with. 2) How do you make friends? Please comment on “a friend you buy isn’t worth the price”. First,I’d like to talk to him to find out whether we have the same interest with each other. If the answer is YES,then we have the foundation to develop a friendship. The next days, all we need to do is to treat each other by heart and soul. 3) How valuable is friendship in a person’s life? How can we keep friendship alive? As for me, I regard friendship as a very important part in my life.Just imagine a life,there’s no one to be your friend. What life could be if you had no friend to talk to , no friend to comfore you and cheer you up when you were having a hard time,no friend to lend you a hand when you needed help …… Life without friends is unthinkable ... We have to do hard work to build up and sustain our friendship. First, let your friends know that you really care about them.It’s important to give some cues to your friends. Be sure your friend knows that she is cared about.Second,try to be with your friends when they are in trouble when they need you. Keeping friendship alive is not only to say some sweet words,but need some real action. 4) What does friendship mean to you? What kind of friends do you think are true friends? It's a fantastic experience in whole of my life. Friendship to me is what water to fish.I can't live without a real friend. 2问见（1） 5) How can we get along well with other people? To begin with, we need to be honest with others and always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run. After all,honesty is the best policy. Second, we have to be humble enough. If we are proud in public, we can hardly win other's respect, not to mention "friendship" . Finally, we must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others. As long as we abide[?'ba?d] by what is mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with others.
全国英语等级考试口语考试注意事项2017全国英语等级考试口语考试注意事项 PETS口试是由三节组成的，在第一节考试中，互动交际是在主 考官和两位考生之间进行的。一开始，主考官与考生要相互打招呼 并进行简单的介绍。 主考官在从考生手中索回登分卡后，询问考生的姓名，有时可能还要问他的姓名怎样拼写或全名怎样拼写。也许，在某些考生的眼中，他们会认为这是多余问题，在此，特别要向考生说明一下，这 类问题不多余，原因如下： 第一，主考官所提出的问题都是按照大纲上的要求进行的，一般说来，主考官的问话不能偏离考试大纲。 第二，让考生说出姓名、拼写名字，可以初步观察考生对问题的反应能力、发音情况以及英语的熟练流利程度。 第三，为缓和考试气氛，通过提问这种熟悉常见的问题，可以逐渐把话题过渡到口语考试的内容上。 另外，在第一节考试中，按照考试的程序，考生应该做到问什么，回答什么，考生一般不宜过于主动。有些考生当主考只问了一个问 题的时候，就一口气回答了很多涉及下面即将要回答的问题。这样，一来打乱了考试的提问步骤，二来容易使人觉得好像是在背诵事先 准备好的东西。在第一节考试中，有发挥性的问题供考生发表意见。如有关Leisure话题中，有这样的问题：“Isthereanywhereyouwouldparticularlyliketovisit?Why?”对于 这道问题，考生可根据自己的情况说：“Yes，thereis.”或“No，thereisn't.”在主考询问“Why?”之后，考生便可进行自由发挥， 但也不宜过长，因为考试的时间是有限的。
在考试中，考生应注意的是，要根据提问的问题，从条理性、逻辑上去组织语言，所谈的内容尽可能切题达意，不说与题无关的话，不说意义不明显的话，不说前言不搭后语的话，条理与连贯在考试 中显得比较重要。如果一时语塞或想不起确切的表达方式，千万不 要缄口不语，而是应该适当运用前面所说的“填空词”(mouth-fillingphrases或hesitationfillers)，如“mm，um，err，well，Imean，Ithink，yousee，youknow，howshallIputit”等。适时运 用这类填空词，表明发言人还在积极地思索与考虑，马上就会继续 讲话，从而避免令人尴尬的冷场局面。 在第二节活动中，互动交际是在两位考生之间进行的。主考老师只是负责向考生交代要求然后就退让一旁，然后观察考生之间进行 合作交流的表面情况。在第二节口试活动中，考生应该注意以下3点： 第一，不要把主考官当成交流对象，讲话时应对着自己的搭档而不是对着主考官。 第二，此节活动是讨论，要求考生发言机会均等，故不要将此节考试引向一种单纯的一人提问、一人回答的局面。讨论应该在两位 考生之间进行，对所讨论的问题，无论是赞同还是反对，或者另有 见解，都应该以你一言我一语的形式进行。切忌一个人长时间地讲 而另一个人长时间地听。若出现这种局面，听者应该以得体的`交际 语言予以中止、打断。类似“I'msorry， Ihavetointerruptyou.”;“Excu seme，whatdidyousayjustnow?”;“I'mafraidIhavetostopyou，but……”这样的话语，考生应该掌握。若在本节讨论活动中，一方发言已毕，而另一方仍沉默不语。类似 “Thisismypointofview.Whatdoyouthinkofit?”;“Canyoutellmes omethingaboutit?”;“Doyouagreewithmeordoyoudisagreewithme?”;“What'syouropinion?”这样的话语，可以鼓励对方开口，从而 形成良好的“你来我往”的讨论局面。总之，考生应把握本节的重点，积极主动、有效地在考生之间进行交流。双方都应该对会话中 的“轮换体系”敏感，保证“每次至少有一方在说话”。在第二节 活动中，考生应礼貌退让;想插话时，用得体的语言争取发言权;出
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
常用英语口语对话海关入 境 Prepared on 22 November 2020
常用英语口语对话：海关入境情景 (1)MayIseeyourpassport,please. 麻烦请给我你的护照。 (2)Yourcustomsandhealthdeclarationforma,please请出示您的海关申报表和健康申明表。 (3)Hereismypassport/Hereitis. 这是我的护照。 (4)Whereareyoustaying 将在哪儿住宿 (5)lwillstayatBostonHotel. 我将住在波士顿饭店。 (6)1wanttotakealookatyourbag. 我想看看你的背包。 (7)Nothingbutpersonalbelongings. 只有些私人物品。 (8)Yourpassportseemstobeinorder. 您的护照看来没问题。 (9)DoyouhaveareturntickettoTaiwan 是否有台湾回程机票 (10). 有的，这就是回程机票。
(11)HowlongwillyoubestayingintheUnitedStat。一 预计在美国停留多久 (12)1plantostayforabout10days. 预计停留约10天。 (13)Howmuchmoneydoyouhavewithyou 你随身拥带多少现金 (14)lhave800dollars. 大约吕的美元。 (15)Anyotherformalities 还有别的手续吗 (16). 你所有的东西都需要特殊检查，请稍候。 (17),youmustbefined200USdollars. 新鲜水果是不允许带人境的。根据规定你被罚款200关元。 (18)Youmaylockupyoursuitcase. 你可以将行礼锁上了. (19). 祝你玩得愉快。
1.How can we keep friendship alive. Friendship is absolutely crucial for us. We have to do hard work to build up and sustain friendship. Here are some important ways to keep friendship alive .First of all,let your friends know that you care about them. If you can't be there at the given moment, say something like, "I wish I could be with you. May I call you tomorrow? "Be sure your friend knows she's cared about.Second, try to be with your friends when they are in trouble. Remember troubled people are most in need of their friends to stay around. The last but not the least, keeping friendship alive is to say to your friends "I miss you and I love you ". Remember? 2.Is it right for college students to have tattoos? Nowadays many college students like to highlight their personalities, to be their own. They have taken special ways to show their personalities. For example, some college students who are tattooed think tattooing is cool and shows great personality. But teachers and parents do not think tattooing is right for students. They believe to be a student you should dress like a student--no tattoos, of cause. Some people even believe that those who are tattooed are not good students. As far as I am concerned, although many people can not accept students’ tattooing, nothing is wrong with tattooing. College students are grown-ups. They can tell right from wrong. If they want to be tattooed, just remember to tell them to select clean places, preferably with parental consents. 3.What do cultural difference mean ? Can you give some examples? Cultural differences mean differences among people in ways of thinking, life, aesthetic concepts, social practices, diet and etc. Let’s talk about, for example, eating habits in different areas. In China, people prefer vegetables and fruits, for the Chinese believe that such things are rich in vc, which are good to health. However, western people are more likely to eat meat. Known as having a good tradition of hospitality , Chinese people always greet their guests with warm hand. Chinese meal table normally is filled with delicious food, yet the host is used to saying " I am sorry. I don’t think the food is good enough today" and other courtesies. Host or hostess sometimes use their chopsticks to take food to the guest’s bowl, which is considered as a way to show hospitality in China. However, in western countries, people emphasize respect to individuality. At dinner, people eat whatever they like or we say they eat at their own will. 4.Do you consider your 18th birthday is one of the most important days in your life? Give reasons. Yes, 18th birthday is considered the most important. Each birthday means a new year. I am most concerned about my 18th birthday as it is a sign of adulthood, indicating that I am no longer a child, but one who can try to do things independently and should be reliable for his or her own actions as an adult. Since my eighteenth birthday, I am entitled to go shopping alone, to travel alone and to live independently. I still remembered my 18th birthday. After my birthday celebration, I suddenly felt grown up, both physically and mentally. Birthday to me is an important turning point, enabling me to learn and think independently. So far as I am concerned about each birthday, I usually feel better.