高中英语语法复习专题讲解(精选.)
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高考英语副词语法知识一、概念副词和形容词一样,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。
其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。
规则变化的一般规律是:单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est;多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词(early 除外),前面加more或most。
不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。
⒈规则变化如:2.不规则变化例如:二、副间的比较级的用法⒈单独使用如:Try to do better next time.下次争取干好一点。
He'lI come back sooner or later.他迟早会回来的。
Please speak more slowly.请讲慢一点。
⒉和than一起使用如:He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。
Can you do any better than that.你能不能干的好一些?He arrived earlier than usual.他到的比平时早。
⒊比较级前可有状语修饰如:You must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。
Can you come over a bit more quickly?你能稍稍快点来吗?⒋ as…as和not so…as结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用① as…as可用在肯定句中,表示“像……一样",后面的副词要用原级。
如:She can run as fast as a deer.她能跑的像鹿一样快。
②在否定句中,as…as和so…as都可以用。
例如:I don't go there as much as I use.我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。
I didn't do as(so)well as I should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。
③这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语。
例如:She can read twice as fast as he does.她阅读的速度比他快一倍。
高考英语语法复习主谓宾结构知识讲解一、主谓宾结构主谓宾是中文句子中常见的基本句型,由主语、谓语和宾语组成。
主语是句子的主要话题或执行者,谓语表示主语的动作或状态,而宾语是动作的承受者或作用对象。
以下是一些例子。
1.他(主语)看书(动词)。
English: He (subject) reads (verb) a book (object).2.她(主语)吃饭(动词)。
English: She (subject) eats (verb) food (object).3.我们(主语)喝茶(动词)。
English: We (subject) drink (verb) tea (object).4.小猫(主语)追老鼠(动词)。
English: The kitten (subject) chases (verb) the mouse (object).5.他们(主语)学习英语(动词)。
English: They (subject) study (verb) English (object).1.他(主语)吃(谓语动词)苹果(宾语)。
He (subject) eats (verb) an apple (object).2.她(主语)喝(谓语动词)茶(宾语)。
She (subject) drinks (verb) tea (object).3.我(主语)看(谓语动词)电影(宾语)。
I (subject) watch (verb) a movie (object).4.学生们(主语)写(谓语动词)作业(宾语)。
The students (subject) write (verb) homework (object).5.她(主语)送(谓语动词)礼物(宾语)给我(间接宾语)。
She (subject) gives (verb) a gift (object) to me (indirect object).1.他(主语)吃(谓语)苹果(宾语)。
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中,谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如,你、我、他是学生,中文“是”字是一样的,只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变:I am,you are,he is。
主谓一致有三大原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。
(一)语法一致名词是单数,谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等,谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住:绝大多数都用单数,只有明确的复数名词,谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜,只能是复数,如果前面加上“一双”“一条”,后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数,一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然,all才是真正的主语,所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里,She才是真正的主语,所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+ had + done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她(事实:去晚了)。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
(事实:没有听我的话)3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
(事实:不可能来)If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。
高考英语语法复习词法知识讲解一、介词介词,顾名思义,是中介,是介绍其他实词,所以介词是虚词,不能独立存在。
介词的英文是preposition,pre(在...之前)position(位置),所以介词就是前面位置的词,前置词。
介词的本质就是关系,是词和词之间的关系。
介词占据常用英文单词的40%以上。
搞懂了介词,就学会了一半的英语。
(一)规律学习介词,你不要陷入汪洋大海之中,要先抓住基本规律。
第一条规律:中文也有介词,怎么理解中文,就怎么理解英文。
比如,表示时间,在7点前吃,在7点时吃,在7点后吃;表示位置,在桌上吃,在屋里吃,在路边吃。
第二条规律:从一个介词的基本意思出发,延伸理解其他意思。
每个介词有很多意思,对我们来说看似风马牛不相及,但如果从它的本意出发,就会发现相关性很大。
下面我们要介绍一些常用介词,你要先理解它的本意。
(二)表示方位表示位置是绝大多数介词的本意,因为介词的英文就是preposition。
1、in,on,atin - 在...里面。
in the box在盒子里由于是在里面,所以一般表示在一个大的地方里,比如in China;in the cityon - 在...上面。
on the box在盒子上由于是在上面,所以也有接壤、毗邻的意思,比如Russia is on the north of China. 俄罗斯在中国的北边。
at - 在...,表示在一个点。
at the end在结尾由于是在一个点,所以一般表示在具体的位置,比如at home;at the airport根据这几个词的本意,我们可以理解很多细微差别:in表示里面,所以是包裹其中,bird in the tree;on表示接触,所以是长在树上,apple on the tree。
in表示里面,所以是in the car在小车里;on表示上面,所以是on the bus在大巴车上。
有的人说:如果可以站立,就用on,比如on the train,on the plane。
英语:译林牛津版高中语法复习大全英语语法复习(模块1-模块4)语法复习一:定语从句(一)定义1)在复合句中(一个句子的某一成分由句子承当),修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句;在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词关系代词定语从句2) You must do everything that I do.先行词关系代词定语从句(二):关系代词的作用;1.连接主句和从句。
2.代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year.先行词关系代词定语从句(三):定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词when, where, why 等引导定语从句。
(四):用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用,因此同样的先行词,选用什么样的关系词,要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
词行先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表关系代词Whom人宾That人&物主、宾、表Which物主、宾、表As物主、宾Whose=of whom\of which人&物定语When=at\in\on\during which时间状Where=at\in\to which地点状关系副词Why=for which原因状that 在口语中可以代替关以上三者状系副词This is the place where we work.(vi.)(关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. )注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
高中英语语法专题复习教案大全(15个教案)语法复习专题一——名词一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。
如:boy —boys, pen —pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如:glass —glasses,box—boxes, watch —watches, brush —brushes。
特例:stomach —stomachs。
③以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。
如:baby —babies, lady —ladies, fly —flies。
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。
如:tomato —tomatoes, potato —potatoes, hero —heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。
如:radio —radios, zoo —zoos, photo —photos, piano —pianos, kilo —kilos, tobacco —tobaccos。
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。
如:wife —wives, life —lives, knife —knives, wolf—wolves, self —selves, leaf —leaves等。
特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs, roof —roofs, chief —chiefs, gulf —gulfs, belief —beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的。
如:man —men, mouse —mice, foot —feet,woman —women, tooth —teeth, goose —geese, ox —oxen。
特例:child —children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、考点聚焦1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词:when, where, why。
that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中(2)在关系词前有介词时(3)当先行词本身是that时(4)当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
如:Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰,或句型as many(much)中,从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意:区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。
They are suchlovel y children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。
I want to use the same tool that you used just now.(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as 含有“这点正如……一样”。
②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。
(非正式场合)I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:①He is the only one o f the students who has got very good marksin the match.(句中one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when(后附解析)1.解析:答案为C。
本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。
作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。
定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2.解析:答案为B。
本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。
as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。
当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。
要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3.解析:答案为B。
本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。
定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。
要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
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