高二上期期中考试试卷
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高二年级语文试卷2024年11月(答案在最后)时量:150分钟满分:150分命题:一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
为小说选择一个视角可能是你要做的最重要的决策之一。
但是,许多作者,甚至那些已有作品出版的作家,面对视角问题也经常一头雾水,一知半解。
掌握好视角是所有小说作者必备的技能,因为它跟冲突与悬念关系密切,是小说成功最需要的东西。
可供你选择的视角有两种:第一人称视角和第三人称视角。
在第一人称的下面还有两个选项:现在时和过去时。
在第三人称的下面也有两个选项:有限的第三人称视角和无限的第三人称视角。
你或许会想:“怎么把第二人称给落下了呢?”是的,有的小说家确实用过第二人称视角。
我的建议是你不要跟风这样做。
假如你真的非要这样做,那么请记住这条建议:你坐在自己的书桌前,然后以第二人称视角开始创作。
这似乎是你拓展自己文学风格的好办法。
你知道这会减少你的作品出版的机会,而且大多数读者会发现这部小说是令人难以卒读的。
但是,你还是决心要把它统统弄明白,然后再用它创作,看看效果如何。
你希望自己有个好运气。
全知型视角又是怎么回事?顾名思义,它的意思是知道一切,所以全知型视角有时候也被称为“准上帝视角”。
叙事者可以随心所欲地想到哪里就写到哪里,任何时候都可以洞悉任何人物的心灵深处,或者叙事者可以腾空而起,然后像摄像机一样描述事态。
这种全知的口吻可以评论世间百态,比如他可以发出“这是最好的时代,这是最坏的时代”这样的感慨;或者,作者也可以保留自己的看法,超然物外。
既然这个视野源于“上帝之眼”,作者可以灵活自如地把主观看法强加于人物,其主观程度可高可低。
如今,全知型叙事已经很少见了,可是对于某些风格的长篇小说,尤其是长篇史诗性小说来说,这个视角还是一个比较好的选择。
它允许作者向读者灌输大篇幅的背景信息。
但是,如果你不知节制地运用这个视角,那么你的小说就会变得拖沓冗长。
2024-2025学年度上期高中2023级期中考试化学考试时间75 分钟,满分 100分注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必在答题卡上将自己的姓名、座位号、准考证号用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔填写清楚,考生考试条形码由监考老师粘贴在答题卡上的“贴条形码区”。
2.选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上,如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后再填涂其它答案;非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔在答题卡的对应区域内作答,超出答题区域答题的答案无效;在草稿纸上、试卷上答题无效。
3.考试结束后由监考老师将答题卡收回。
一、选择题:本题共 14小题,每小题3分,共42分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 下列仪器在中和热测定实验中不会用到的是A. 温度计B. 玻璃搅拌器C. 秒表D. 量筒2. 下列说法正确的是A. 化学反应总是伴随着能量的变化B. 所有化学反应的反应热均可通过量热计直接测定C. 物质的内能与温度和压强无关D. 所有的分解反应都是吸热反应3. 如下图所示,下列有关化学反应能量变化的说法错误的是A. 铁与盐酸反应的能量变化可用图1表示B. 图1 表示反应物的总键能小于生成物的总键能C. 图1、图2中化学反应的焓变△H=(E₂―E₁)kJ⋅mol⁻¹=(b―a)kJ⋅mol⁻¹D. 图2可以表示反应2N₂O₅(g)=4NO₂(g)+O₂(g)△H>0的能量变化4. 下列热化学方程式的反应热表示燃烧热的是5. 下列说法正确的是A. 自发进行的反应均是熵增反应B. 蔗糖在水中溶解是一个自发过程C. NaHCO₃受热分解过程: △S<0D. 吸热反应一定不能自发进行6. 下列事实不能用平衡移动原理解释的是A. 反应NO(g)+O₃(g)⇌O₂(g)+NO₂(g)ΔH<0,达到化学平衡后,升高温度,体系的颜色变浅B. 新制氯水应放在阴暗低温处保存C. 合成氨的过程中及时分离出氨气D. 反应CO(g)+NO₂(g)⇌CO₂(g)+NO(g)△H<0,达到化学平衡后,减小容器体积,体系的颜色加深7. 在一定温度下的恒容密闭容器中发生可逆反应:4NH₃(g)+5O₂(g)⇌4NO(g)+6H₂O(g)已知NH₃(g)、O₂(g)、NO(g)、H₂O(g)的初始浓度分别为0.4mol⋅L⁻¹、0.8mol⋅L⁻¹、0.2mol⋅L⁻¹,0.8mol⋅L⁻¹,当反应达到平衡时,各物质的浓度不可能为A.c(NH₃)=0.5mol⋅L⁻¹B.c(H₂O)=1.3mol⋅L⁻¹C.c(NH₃)+c(NO)=0.6mol⋅L⁻¹D.c(O₂)=1.05mol⋅L⁻¹8. 下列措施能增大氨水中NH₃·H₂O 电离程度的是A. 加入NH₄Cl固体B. 通入一定量的NH₃C. 加入少量冰醋酸D. 加入少量NaOH固体9. 在SO₂的饱和溶液中H₂SO₃达到电离平衡的标志是A.c(HSO―3)=c(SO2―3)B. 溶液中无H₂SO₃分子C. c(HSO₃)不再变化D. 溶液中H2SO3、HSO―3=SO2―3共存10. 已知H₂与ICl的反应分两步完成:H₂(g)+ICl(g)⇌HCl(g)+HI(g) ΔH₁<0HI(g)+ICl(g)⇌I₂(g)+HCl(g)△H₂<0且△H₁>△H₂,下列图像最符合上述反应历程的是11. 下列装置不能达到对应实验目的的是A. 探究浓度对化学平衡的影响 ( Fe³⁺ + 3SCN⁻⇌ Fe(SCN)₃)(浅黄色) (无色) (红色)B. 探究温度对碳酸氢钠和碳酸钠分解速率的影响C. 探究温度对化学平衡的影响 ( 2NO₂(g)(红棕色)═N₂O₄(g)(无色))D. 探究压强对化学平衡的影响 (2NO₂(g)(红棕色)═N₂O₄(g)(无色))12. 向绝热恒容密闭容器中通入CO(g) 和H₂O(g),在一定条件下发生反应:CO(g)+H2O(g)⇐CO2(g)+H2(g)ΔH。
安徽省合肥市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Impressive exhibitions in the US worth traveling for in 2024 Here are several museum exhibitions across the USA that are worth traveling for in 2024.1. Yayoi Kusama: Infinite LoveSFMOMA, San FranciscoOn view: now through September 7For six decades now, Japanese polymath Yayoi Kusama has been exploring the concept of the “infinity room.” These meditations on perception, the universe and existence itself combine bold colors, three-dimensional forms and mirror-generated visual illusions to transport viewers to an inclusive aesthetic world. In the exhibition Yayoi Kusama: Infinite Love, they have landed in Northern California for the first time. Featured works including the brand-new Dreaming of Earth’s Sphericity, I Would Offer My Love (2023) and the famous LOVE IS CALLING (2013) will be on display at SFMOMA through next fall. Be sure to reserve advance tickets the minute they go on sale.2. Matisse and the SeaSt Louis Art Museum, St LouisOn view: February 17-May 12,2024Henri Matisse lived for decades near the Mediterranean, and a number of blues carry through his entire oeuvre (全部作品), largely inspired by the reflection of light of the water. With the artist’s Bathers with Turtle (1907–8) as a museum highlight, the exhibition travels across both Matisse’s works and the world itself, with works by this 20th-century master in various media, depicting the sea as a subject and as a theme.3. Georgia O’ Keeffe: “My New Yorks”Art Institute of Chicago, ChicagoOn view: June 2-September 24,2024This show at the Art Institute of Chicago will explore how Georgia O’ Keeffe - an artist soclosely associated with the Southwest and nature - spent her formative years in the USA’s biggest city. Before she turned her eye to flowers and desert sunsets, Georgia O’ Keeffe captured the distinctive perspectives of New York City, looking up at skyscrapers from street level and down from her 30th-floor apartment.4. Whitney Biennial 2024: Even Better Than the Real ThingWhitney Museum of American Art, New Y ork CityOn view: starting March 20,2024Some leave angry. Others emerge inspired. Yet however you react, it’s hard to forget any Whitney Biennial. Multimedia pieces and political themes are never hard to detect. Organized by Chrissi e Iles and Meg Onli, the lineup at this year’s -Biennial has yet to be announced. But whoever the participants are, their work is sure to make a statement.1.What can we learn from the artist Yayoi Kusama and his works?A.His work Infinite Love has been on display for decades.B.His works feature incorporating varied colors boldly into the works.C.Dreaming of Earth’s Sphericity was inspired by the light of water.D.Four-dimensional forms will transport viewers to the universe.2.Who is most likely to be the target audience for the last exhibition?A.people concerned with current political affairs.B.people having a passion for economy.C.people fond of pursuing old fashion.D.people enthusiastic about different reactions. 3.What do the exhibition 2 and 3 have in common?A.Both artists prefer using city landscape in the works.B.Both exhibitions need to be reserved in advance.C.Both artists’ works focus on themes concerning surroundings.D.Both artists’ works embody political themes.My husband and I fell in love when we would sit and talk in the living room of my old apartment in front of the windows drinking cups of black coffee, sometimes until sunrise. I was so extremely fortunate to have finally found that one special person.However, it was soon after our honeymoon that my husband climbed into the tomb called “the office” and buried himself in piles of paperwork and clients, and I just kept silent for fear ofturning into a complaining wife. It seemed as if overnight an invisible wall had been put up between us. He just lay beside snoring like a hibernating bear unaware of my winter.When our daughter was born, my life was centred on her and I no longer seemed to care that my husband was getting busier and spending less time at home. Somewhere between his work timetable and our home and young daughter, we were losing contact with each other. That invisible wall was now being hardened by the mortar (砂浆) of indifference.Then tragedy struck our lives, when my husband’s younger brother was killed in 2001, together with thousands of other innocent people. He was identified only by the engraving (雕刻) on the inside of his wedding ring. Attending our brother’s memorial service was an eye-opening experience for both of us. For the first time, we saw our own marriage was almost like my in-laws. At the tragic death of the youngest son they could not reach out to comfort one another. It seemed as if somewhere between the oldest son’s first tooth and the youngest son’s graduation they had lost each other.Later one night, my husband told of his fear of dying and I spoke of trying to find myself in the writings of my journal. It seemed as if each of us had been hiding our soul-searching from the other.We are slowly working toward building a bridge - not a wall, so that when we reach out to each other, we do not find a barrier we cannot pass through or retreat from the stranger on the other side.4.what can we learn about the author’s husband From the second paragraph?A.He was fully involved in his work.B.He didn’t show any affection for her.C.He preferred his work to his family D.He got tired of his nagging wife5.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 4 mean?A.The author’s husband’s brothers.B.The author’s husband’s brothers-in-law.C.The author’s husband’s parents.D.The author’s husband’s sisters-in-law. 6.Which of the following best describe the author?A.Dependent and critical.B.Sensitive and sensible.C.Sympathetic and emotional.D.Ambitious and understanding.7.What can we infer from the passage about the couple?A.Attending the memorial service worsened their relationship.B.Their brother’s death set off their reflection on marriage.C.Communication was a most effective means to break the barrier.D.The fear of dying prevented the husband from reaching out.Nobel science prizes are awarded in three areas: physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine. But occasionally some noteworthy discovery comes along that does not really fit into any of them. Similar flexibility, though in an area with far more profound consequences than ethology (行为学), has been demonstrated with regard to this year’s physics prize.Showing a sense of timeliness not always apparent in its deliberations, Sweden’s Royal Academy of Science has stretched the definition of physics to include computer science, and given its recognition to two of the pioneers of the artificial-intelligence (AI) revolution.John Hopfield of Princeton University and Geoffrey Hinton of the University of Toronto both did their crucial work in the early 1980s, at a time when computer hardware was unable to take full advantage of it. Dr Hopfield was responsible for what has become known as the Hopfield network - a type of artificial neural network that behaves like a physical structure called a spin glass, which gave the academy a fa int reason to call the field "physics". Dr Hinton’s contribution was to use an algorithm (算法) known to train neural networks.Artificial neural networks are computer programs based loosely on the way in which real; biological networks of nerve cells are believed to work. In particular, the strengths of the connections between "nodes" (结点) in such networks are plastic. Hopfield networks, in which each node is connected to every other except itself, are particularly good at learning to extract patterns from sparse (稀疏的) or noisy data.Dr Hinton’s algorithm enhances neural networks’ learning ability by letting them work, in effect, in three dimensions. Hopfield networks and their types are, in essence, two-dimensional. Though they actually exist only as simulations in software, they can be thought of as a structure of physical layers of nodes. Dr Hinton adjusted Dr Hopfield’s networks using a branch of maths called statistical mechanics to create what are known as Boltzmann machines. Boltzmann machines can be used to create systems that learn in an unsupervised manner, spotting patterns in data without having to be explicitly taught.It is, then, the activities of these two researchers which have made machine learning reallysing. AI models can now not only learn, but create. Such tools have thus gone from being able to perform highly specific tasks, such as recognizing cancerous cells in pictures of tissue samples or streamlining particle-physics data, to anything from writing essays for lazy undergraduates to running robots.8.Why does the writer mention the three areas of Nobel science prizes?A.To inform readers of the specific information.B.To introduce the flexibility of this years’ Nobel physics prize.C.To share with readers the importance of the Nobel prizes.D.To highlight the critical role physics plays in the world.9.What can be the evidence that the two researcher’s activities can be called “physics”?A.The Hopfield Networks are two-dimensional.B.The nodes in the Hopfield Network connect each other.C.The Hopfield Network functions in a similar way to a spin glass.D.The Hopfield Network can extract patterns using a little data.10.How did Dr Hinton strengthen neural networks’ learning ability?A.He used special physical principles.B.He changed the function of the networks.C.He thought of a structure suitable for the networks.D.He made use of maths to transform their ways of working11.What can be the main idea of the passage?A.AI neural networks can be widely used.B.Two researchers will be awarded the Nobel Physics Prize.C.AI researchers have received the Nobel Prize for Physics.D.Physiology and medicine researchers are common in the Nobel Prize winners.The term parasocial interaction (虚拟社交) was introduced in the 1950s by the social scientists Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl. It was the early days of home television, and they were seeing people form a close connection with actors who were appearing virtually in their home. Today, the definition is much broader. After all, actors, singers, comedians, athletes, and countless other celebrities are available to us in more ways than ever before. Forming parasocialbonds has never been easier.Psychologists document cases of parasocial relationships that can go much deeper, with severe consequences. Scholars note parasocial bonds range from casual talk about stars to intense emotions, to uncontrollable behavior and fantasies. At the deepest level, the parasocial relationship can be dangerous, such as when a fan loses touch with reality and secretly follows a star. It can also lead to confusion about one’s own identity, particularly in adolescents who are still forming their sense of self, as they may model themselves on the media figures with whom they have parasocial relationships.In 2021, two psychologists from York University, in Canada, found that forming parasocial bonds was strongly related to avoidant attachment. That is, people who tended to push others away in their day-to-day lives were more likely to relate to fictional characters. You can easily see how parasocial relationships could be a replacement when one finds real-life attachment difficult. This could start a feedback cycle, in which avoiding close relationships stimulates parasocial bonding, which in turn leads to reduced interactions with real-life family and friends as the fans spends their time and energy on someone who doesn’t know they exist.My purpose here is not to say that parasocial interactions are always bad for you, or even abnormal. Rather, it is to suggest that heavy parasocial bonding might be a signal that you are crowding out the real people who can give you the love you truly need. One way to address this is to get some more distance from your fictional friends, thus pausing the feedback cycle and giving yourself more space to pursue in-person connection.12.How has parasocial interaction changed according to Paragraph 1?A.It has become more accessible.B.It has affected more celebrities.C.It has lost much of its significance.D.It has turned into a two-way process. 13.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Reasons behind celebrity following.B.Origins of dangerous relationships.C.Different types of parasocial relationships.D.Potential harm of parasocialrelationships.14.Which of the following can lead to parasocial relationships?A.Socializing with strangers.B.Having strong family support.C.Participating in group activities.D.Struggling with relationships in reality.15.What might the author suggest for those with heavy parasocial relationships?A.Meeting fictional friends in real life.B.Seeking guidance from professionals.C.Hanging out more with real friends.D.Creating more space for being alone.We are overwhelmed by an unprecedented volume of information. 16 if we don’t actively engage with it.In order to stay focused and retain more information, it’s important to be highly engaged with the content. 17 It mostly relies on critical thinking. Active reading transforms passive absorption into an interactive, analytical process. There are many active reading strategies, but here are some of the most immediately useful.Understand the author’s purpose. 18 Take a few minutes to read the introduction or any other material available to become aware of the reason and intent of writing.Adjust your reading rate. Instead of using a constant rate, adapt yourself to the content you’re reading. 19 , and speeding up when it’s information you are already familiar with.Annotate the content. Taking notes is a great way to stay engaged with the content. Use the margins to write ideas that pop into your mind when reading something.Paraphrase. Whenever a new concept seems a bit more complex to grasp, stop reading and try to paraphrase it using your own words. This will force you to assess your level of understanding.Organize the information visually. Map the content into a graphic to better visualize it and make it your own. You can craft a simple mind map, or be creative with collages and other forms of visual thinking.Evaluate the content. Every so often, take a step back and think critically about what you’re reading. 20Consult a reference. Whenever you’ re in doubt, use a dictionary or another external reference to make sure you understand a new concept or an unfamiliar word’s meaning and have all the necessary background information.Summarize the ideas. Once you’ re done reading a book, sit down and write your own summary. Get bonus points if you publish it online to learn in public and get feedback and additional perspectives from other readers.Active reading will help you make the most of the time you spend reading books and blog posts by ensuring you retain more of the relevant content and can apply it in your day-to-day life and work.A.This means slowing down to comprehend better new or more complex information. B.Yet, research suggests that we forget up to 70% of new information within 24 hours.C.It matters for you to assess what you read.D.Active reading basically means reading something with the determination to understand, evaluate, and remember relevant aspects of what you read.E.Is it well structured, are there gaps in the argument, does the author sound biased?F.Is the goal of the author to inform, entertain, or advertise their product or services?G.Our life is packed with varied information.二、完形填空Michael Surrell and his wife had just parked the car when they got a call from their daughter, “The house next door is on fire!” He immediately went to 21 and saw an old woman cried. “The baby is inside!” “The baby” was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman’s 22 .Though the fire department had been called, Surrell 23 rushed into the burning house. The thick 24 caused him to stumble blindly around and made it impossible to 25 . After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he moved outside to 26 his breath.“Where is Tiara?” he asked 27 .“The second floor,” her grandma shouted back.Taking a deep breath, Surrell went in a second time. Because the house had a 28 layout to his, he found the stairs 29 and made it to the second floor.But the darkness was overwhelming. All he could feel was the crackling and popping of burning wood. Then a soft but 30 moan emerged. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any 31 of the little girl. Finally, he 32 something. He scooped Tiara into his arms, 33 through the smoke.Fortunately, Surrell managed to help Tiara out; she was 34 from the hospitalafter a few days. However, the fire worsened Surrell’s pulmonary (肺的) condition, which he suffered before, and he feels the effects even two years later. “It’s a small 35 to pay,” he says. “I would do it again without a second thought.”21.A.stimulate B.witness C.investigate D.innovate 22.A.niece B.granddaughter C.cousin D.daughter 23.A.consciously B.passionately C.instantly D.occasionally 24.A.mist B.smoke C.dust D.smog 25.A.escape B.distinguish C.see D.breathe 26.A.hold B.save C.waste D.catch 27.A.randomly B.cautiously C.nervously D.desperately 28.A.opposite B.similar C.different D.striking 29.A.mysteriously B.thrillingly C.threateningly D.effortlessly 30.A.distinct B.loud C.massive D.sharp 31.A.sense B.symbol C.sound D.sign 32.A.touched B.found C.explored D.got 33.A.running B.breaking C.struggling D.going 34.A.rescued B.composed C.suspended D.released 35.A.fee B.bill C.check D.price三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2024-2025学年湖南省长沙市长郡中学高二上学期期中考试数学试卷一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.直线x+y−12=0的倾斜角是( )A. π4B. π2C. 3π4D. π32.已知点B是点A(3,4,5)在坐标平面Oxy内的射影,则|OB|等于A. 5B. 34C. 41D. 523.长轴长是短轴长的3倍,且经过点P(3,0)的椭圆的标准方程为A. x29+y2=1 B. x281+y29=1C. x29+y2=1或y281+x29=1 D. y29+x2=1或x281+y29=14.已知方程x22+m −y2m+1=1表示双曲线,则m的取值范围为A. (−2,−1)B. (−∞,−2)∪(−1,+∞)C. (1,2)D. (−∞,1)∪(2,+∞)5.在正四棱锥P−ABCD中,PA=4,AB=2,E是棱PD的中点,则异面直线AE与PC所成角的余弦值是( )A. 612B. 68C. 38D. 56246.已知椭圆C:x29+y25=1的右焦点为F,P是椭圆上任意一点,点A(0,23),则▵APF的周长的最大值为A. 9+21B. 14C. 7+23+5D. 15+37.已知A(−3,0),B(0,3),从点P(0,2)射出的光线经x轴反射到直线AB上,又经过直线AB反射到P点,则光线所经过的路程为A. 210B. 6C. 26D. 268.已知A,B两点的坐标分别是(−1,0),(1,0),直线AM,BM相交于点M,且直线AM的斜率与直线BM的斜率的差是2,则点M的轨迹方程为A. y=−x2+1(x≠±1)B. y=x2+1(x≠±1)C. x=−y2+1(y≠±1)D. x=y2+1(y≠±1)二、多选题:本题共3小题,共18分。
在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求。
9.已知A(−3,−4),B(6,3)两点到直线l:ax+y+1=0的距离相等,则a的值可取A. −13B. 13C. −79D. 7910.已知双曲线C:x2a2−y2b2=1(a>0,b>0)的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,过点F1的直线与C的左支相交于P,Q两点,若PQ⊥PF2,且4|PQ|=3|PF2|,则( )A. |PQ|=4aB. 3PF1=PQC. 双曲线C的渐近线方程为y=±223x D. 直线PQ的斜率为411.已知椭圆C1:x29+y25=1,将C1绕原点O沿逆时针方向旋转π2得到椭圆C2,将C1上所有点的横坐标、纵坐标分别伸长到原来的2倍得到椭圆C3,动点P,Q在C1上,且直线PQ的斜率为−12,则A. 顺次连接C1,C2的四个焦点构成一个正方形B. C3的面积为C1的4倍C. C3的方程为4x29+4y25=1D. 线段PQ的中点R始终在直线y=109x上三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分。
2024-2025学年度上学期期中考试高二试题语文考试时间:150 分钟满分:150分一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1—5题。
材料一:对现实的关怀反思,对英雄的敬仰崇拜,对人道的追寻布施,对人性的完美塑造……儒家思想十分看重个人的修身养性、品格塑造。
孔子主张以道德治天下,他说:“【A】”要求以仁义之道作为个人生活乃至为政的准则。
但由于各人道德修养的不同、道德境界的差异,就有“君子”与“小人”的区分。
孔子认为,君子的修养有两个部分,一是学习“诗书六艺之文”,二是躬行实践。
“六艺”包含礼、乐、书、数、射、御,孔子尤其看重对“艺”的掌握,并指出仁人君子的成才之道:“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐。
”君子在志道、据德、依仁之外还要“游于艺”,在游憩观赏娱乐中使身心获得全面自由。
这一思想是孔子对理想人格、自由人格的充分表述,主张人的全面发展,在驾驭客观世界的规律性的同时获得主体的全面解放。
人格是人的精神属性而非生理属性,是人的超动物属性而非动物属性。
只有在食、色之上另有追求,另有坚持,另有作为,才谈得上人格。
儒家提倡的“以仁为人”就是对超越生理需要的精神追求和人格力量的高度抽象。
孔子认为,真正的“君子”必须在“文”“质”之间配合得恰到好处。
他说:“质胜文则野,文胜质则史。
文质彬彬,然后君子。
”所谓“文”,指作为历史成果而保存的物质文明和精神文明,正如司马光说的:“古之所谓文者,乃诗书礼乐之文,升降进退之容,弦歌雅颂之声。
”所谓“质”,指人内在固有的和坚定的伦理品质。
“【B】”因此,孔子认为君子只有“质”还不行,还必须有“文”的形式教养,将外在形式与内在品质高度融合起来,才可能成为真正的“君子”。
孟子对先秦儒家“君子”理念做了进一步延伸,即注重内心修养,发展“仁”的内在机制。
他指出:“【C】”他认为,“君子”应时刻以仁与礼来“反求诸己”“为仁由己”,从精神上把“仁”化为自己的内驱力和社会实践。
2024-2025学年上期高二年级期中联考试题历史学科注意事项:本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。
考生应首先阅读试题卷上的文字信息,然后在答题卡上作答(答题注意事项见答题卡)。
在试题卷上作答无效。
一、选择题:本题共16小题,每题3分,共48分。
在每给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.西周时期,成王年幼继位,召公为太保,周公为太傅,太公为太师,相成王为左右。
“国人暴动”后,周厉王被国人驱逐,周定公、召穆公共同执政。
这些事例可以佐证西周( )A.舆论风气左右政治走向B.政治蕴含氏族遗风C.君臣政治地位趋于平等D.分封制进一步推广2.《南史》记载:“典签,本五品吏,宋氏晚运,多以幼少皇子为方镇,时主皆以亲近左右领典签,典签之权稍重……刺史行事之美恶,系于典签之口”。
大明年间(宋孝武帝年号),长王临蕃,典签皆出纳教命,执其枢要。
典签职权的变化( )A,有利于加强中央集权B.体现了地方行政效率的提高C.消除了南朝地方割据D.表明中枢行政体制逐渐完善3,唐代宗年间,刘晏对第五琦的榷盐法进行了改革,把政府统购统销食盐的方法,改为政府在产地统购食盐,以榷价批发给商人,再由商人运往各处零售,将政府从繁琐的食盐运销事务中解脱出来。
根据材料可知( ) A.重农抑商经济政策发生动摇B.官府放弃了食盐专营的经济政策C.改革提高了政府的运行效能D.食盐价格趋于降低利于改善民生4.唐太宗时期将文成公主嫁给吐蕃赞普松赞干布,唐中宗时期将金城公主嫁给吐蕃赞普赤德祖赞。
唐蕃的联姻( )A.加强了中原与西域密切联系B.保障了西南边疆的长治久安C.促进了民族间的互信与友好D.体现了民族政策的灵活多样5.交子诞生后,宋代政府将交子引入西北用于异地兑付钞引。
首先,商人将粮草运抵至西北地区,本地政府发给商人相应的交引,然后商人凭交引至四川兑付交子或铁钱,商人在支取交子后,不能在四川以外使用,只能赴川地使用。
这一规定( )A.开启了川陕地区的经济联系B.扩大了四川地区交子的发行量C.促进了长途贩运贸易的兴起D.促进纸币发行管理模式的革新6.1959年,在甘肃省武威磨咀子汉墓中出土了“王杖十简”,主要记载了“年七十受王杖”的诏书和殴击王杖主当弃市的诏令。
重庆市2024—2025学年度上期高2026级半期考试数学试题(答案在最后)(满分150分,考试时间120分钟)注意事项1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知直线l 经过点()3,1,()2,0,则直线l 的倾斜角为()A.π4 B.π3C.2π3 D.3π4【答案】A 【解析】【分析】由两点坐标结合斜率公式直接求出斜率,再求出倾斜角,然后由点斜式写出直线方程.【详解】设直线l 的倾斜角为θ.直线l 经过点()3,1,()2,0,所以01123l k -==-,所以tan 1θ=,又0πθ≤<,所以π4θ=.故选:A.2.若直线210x ay ++=与直线220x y +-=互相垂直,则实数a 的值是()A.1 B.-1 C.4D.-4【答案】B 【解析】【分析】直接利用两直线垂直时系数的关系求解即可.【详解】由题可知,220a +=,解得1a =-.故选:B3.如图,在空间四边形ABCD 中,设,E F 分别是BC ,CD 的中点,则1()2AD DB DC →→→++=()A.AD →B.FA →C.AE →D.EF→【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据平面向量的平行四边形法则得出2DB DC DE →→→+=,再由平面向量的三角形加法运算法则即可得出结果.【详解】解:由题可知,,E F 分别是BC ,CD 的中点,根据平面向量的平行四边形法则,可得2DB DC DE →→→+=,再由平面向量的三角形加法法则,得出:11()222AD DB DC AD DE AD DE AE →→→→→→→→++=+⨯=+=.故选:C.4.平面内点P 到()13,0F -、()23,0F 的距离之和是10,则动点P 的轨迹方程是()A.221259x y += B.2212516x y +=C.221259y x += D.2212516y x +=【答案】B 【解析】【分析】求出,,a b c 即可得出动点P 的轨迹方程.【详解】由题意,平面内点P 到()13,0F -、()23,0F 的距离之和是10,∴动点P 的轨迹E 为椭圆,焦点在轴上,3,210c a ==,解得:5a =,∴22216b a c =-=,∴轨迹方程为:2212516x y +=,故选:B.5.已如12,F F 是椭圆2212449x y +=的两个焦点,P 是椭圆上一点,1234PF PF =,则12PF F 的面积等于()A.24B.26C.D.【答案】A 【解析】【分析】由定义可得12214PF PF a +==,结合条件求出12,PF PF 即可求出面积.【详解】由椭圆方程可得焦点在y 轴上,7a =,b =,5c ==,由椭圆定义可得12214PF PF a +==,又1234PF PF =,则可解得128,6PF PF ==,12210F F c == ,满足2221212PF PF F F +=,则12PF PF ⊥,121212186242PF F PF P S F ⋅=⨯⨯∴==.故选:A.6.我国汉代初年成书的《淮南子毕术》中记载:“取大镜高悬,置水盆于下,则是四邻矣.”这是我国古代人民利用平面镜反射原理的首个实例,体现了传统文化中的数学智慧.已知从点()5,3-发出的一束光线,经x 轴反射后,反射光线恰好平分圆:()()22115x y -+-=的圆周,则反射光线所在的直线方程为()A.2310x y -+=B.2310x y --=C.3210x y -+=D.3210x y --=【答案】A 【解析】【分析】求得点()5,3-关于x 轴的对称点的坐标与圆的圆心坐标,由两点式可求反射光线所在直线方程.【详解】由()()22115x y -+-=,可得圆心(1,1)C ,由反射定律可知,点()5,3-关于x 轴的对称点()5,3--在反射光线上,又反射光线恰好平分圆:()()22115x y -+-=的圆周,所以反射光线过(1,1)C ,由直线的两点式方程可得反射光线所在直线方程为113151y x --=----,即2310x y -+=.故选:A.7.点P 是圆C :()()22332x y -+-=上一动点,过点P 向圆O :221x y +=作两条切线,切点分别为A ,B ,则四边形PAOB 面积的最大值为()A.B. C.D.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】将四边形PAOB 的面积表示为S =||PO 的最大值即可.【详解】由圆()()22:332C x y -+-=为,可得圆心为(3,3),由22:1O x y +=,可得圆心(0,0)O ,半径为1,连接PO ,则在PAO 中,||PA ==,所以四边形PAOB 的面积122||1||2PAO S S PA PA ==⨯⨯⨯== 所以||PO 最大时,四边形PAOB 面积的最大值,因为||CO ==,所以max ||||PO CO ==,所以四边形PAOB =故选:D.8.设A ,B 分别为椭圆C :22221x y a b+=(0a b >>)的左、右顶点,M 是C 上一点,且::3:5:7MA MB AB =,则C 的离心率为()A.13B.182C.11D.143【答案】D 【解析】【分析】由题意,根据余弦定理和同角的商数关系可得tan 11MA MAB k ∠==,tan 13MB MBA k ∠==-,设()00,M x y ,则22MA MBb k k a ⋅=-,得2245143b a =,结合离心率的概念即可求解.【详解】在MAB △中,由22237511cos 23714MAB +-∠==⨯⨯,得14sin MAB ∠=,所以tan 11MA MAB k ∠==,由22257313cos 25714MBA +-∠==⨯⨯,得sin MBA ∠=,所以tan 13MB MBA k ∠==-,设()00,M x y ,则200022000MA MBy y y k k x a x a x a⋅=⋅=+--,又2200221x y a b +=,∴()2222002b y x a a =--,∴22MA MB b k k a⋅=-,又451113143MA MBk k ⎛⎫⋅=⨯-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,∴2245143b a =,∴143e ==.故选:D.【点睛】关键点点睛:关键在于求得22MA MB b k k a ⋅=-,进而得2245143b a =,从而求得离心率,求解离心率问题常常需得到或构造,,a b c 的齐次式求解.二、多项选择题:本题共3小题,每小题满分6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9.已知椭圆C 的中心为坐标原点,焦点12F F 、在x 轴上,短轴长等于2,焦距为,过焦点1F 作x 轴的垂线交椭圆C 于P 、Q 两点,则下列说法正确的是()A.椭圆C 的方程为2214x y += B.椭圆C的离心率为2C.1PQ =D.23PF =【答案】ABC 【解析】【分析】求出,,a b c 的值,可判断AB 选项的正误;设点1F为椭圆的左焦点,x =将代入椭圆方程,可求得||PQ 的长,可判断C 选项的正误;利用椭圆的定义可判断D 选项的正误.【详解】对于椭圆C,由已知可得222b c =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩1,2b c a ===,.对于A 选项,因为椭圆的焦点在x 轴上,故椭圆的方程为2214xy +=,故A 对;对于B选项,椭圆的离心率为2c e a ==,故B 正确;对于C 选项,设点1F为椭圆的左焦点,易知点1(F ,将x =代入椭圆方程可得12y =±,故||1PQ =,故C 正确;对于D 选项,111|||22|P PQ F ==,故212|17|2||42a PF PF =-=-=,故D 错误.故选:ABC.10.已知直线l :10kx y -+=和圆M :()()22124x y -+-=,则下列选项正确的是()A.直线l 恒过点()0,1B.圆M 与圆C :221x y +=有三条公切线C.直线l 被圆M 截得的最短弦长为D.圆M 上恰有4个点到直线l 的距离等于32,则474733k ⎛⎫∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】ACD 【解析】【分析】根据定点的特征即可求解可判断A ,根据两圆的位置关系即可求解可判断B ,根据垂直时即可结合圆的弦长公式求解可判断C12<,求解即可判断D.【详解】对于A ,由直线l 的方程10kx y -+=,可知直线l 恒经过定点(0,1)P ,故A 正确;对于B ,由圆()()22124x y -+-=的方程,可得圆心(1,2)M ,半径2r =,由221x y +=,可得圆心(0,0)C ,半径为1,又||MC ==2121-<<+,所以圆M 与圆221x y +=相交,圆M 与圆C 有两条公切线,故B 错误;对于C ,由||PM =,根据圆的性质,可得当直线l 和直线PM 垂直时,此时截得的弦长最短,最短弦长为=,故C 正确;对于D ,当圆M 上恰有4个点到直线l 的距离等于32,则圆心M 到直线l :10kx y -+=的距离小于12,12<,整理得23830k k -+<,解得4433k +<<,故D 正确.故选:ACD.11.如图,点P 是棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的表面上一个动点,则()A.当P 在平面11BCC B 上运动时,三棱锥1P AA D -的体积为定值43B.当P 在线段AC 上运动时,1D P 与11A C 所成角的取值范围是ππ,32⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C.若F 是11A B 的中点,当P 在底面ABCD 上运动,且满足//PF 平面11B CD 时,PF 5D.使直线AP 与平面ABCD 所成的角为45°的点P 的轨迹长度为2π42+【答案】AB 【解析】【分析】对A :由1AA D △的面积不变,点P 到平面11AA D D 的距离不变,求出体积即可;对B :以D 为原点,建立空间直角坐标系,设(),2,0P x x -,则()1,2,2D P x x =-- ,()112,2,0A C =-,结合向量的夹角公式,可判定B 正确;对C :设(),,0P m n ,求得平面11CB D 的一个法向量为()1,1,1n =--,得到()2216FP m =-+ C 错误.对D :由直线AP 与平面ABCD 所成的角为45︒,作PM ⊥平面ABCD ,得到点P 的轨迹,可判定D 正确.【详解】对于A :1AA D △的面积不变,点P 到平面11AA D D 的距离为正方体棱长,所以三棱锥1P AA D -的体积不变,且1111142223323P AA D AA D V S AB -=⋅=⨯⨯⨯⨯= ,所以A 正确;对于B :以D 为原点,DA ,DC ,1DD 所在的直线分别为x 轴、y 轴和z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,可得()12,0,2A ,()0,0,2D ,()10,2,2C ,设(),2,0P x x -,02x ≤≤,则()1,2,2D P x x =-- ,()112,2,0A C =-,设直线1D P 与11A C 所成角为θ,则111111111cos cos ,D P A C D P A C D P A C θ⋅===,因为011x ≤-≤,当10x -=时,可得cos 0θ=,所以π2θ=;当011x <-≤时,1cos 2θ==,由π0,2θ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,所以ππ32θ≤<,所以异面直线1D P 与11A C 所成角的取值范围是ππ,32⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,所以B 正确;对于C ,由()12,2,2B ,()10,0,2D ,()0,2,0C ,()2,1,2F ,设(),,0P m n ,02m ≤≤,02n ≤≤,则()12,0,2CB = ,()10,2,2CD =- ,()2,1,2FP m n =---设平面11CB D 的一个法向量为 =s s ,则11220220n CD b c n CB a c ⎧⋅=-+=⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩ 取1a =,可得1b =-,1c =-,所以()1,1,1n =--,因为//PF 平面1B CD ,所以()()2120FP n m n ⋅=---+=,可得1n m =+,所以FP =,当1m =时,等号成立,所以C 错误.对于D :因为直线AP 与平面ABCD 所成的角为45°,由1AA ⊥平面ABCD ,得直线AP 与1AA 所成的角为45°,若点P 在平面11DCC D 和平面11BCC B 内,因为145B AB ∠=︒,145D AD ∠=︒,故不成立;在平面11ADD A 内,点P 的轨迹是12AD =;在平面11ABB A 内,点P 的轨迹是122AB =;在平面1111D C B A 时,作PM ⊥平面ABCD ,如图所示,因为45PAM ∠=︒,所以PM AM =,又因为PM AB =,所以AM AB =,所以1A P AB =,所以点P 的轨迹是以1A 点为圆心,以2为半径的四分之一圆,所以点P 的轨迹的长度为12π2π4⨯⨯=,综上,点P 的轨迹的总长度为π42+D 错误;故选:AB.【点睛】方法点拨:对于立体几何的综合问题的解答方法:(1)立体几何中的动态问题主要包括:空间动点轨迹的判断,求解轨迹的长度及动态角的范围等问题,解决方法一般根据线面平行,线面垂直的判定定理和性质定理,结合圆或圆锥曲线的定义推断出动点的轨迹,有时也可以利用空间向量的坐标运算求出动点的轨迹方程;(2)对于线面位置关系的存在性问题,首先假设存在,然后在该假设条件下,利用线面位置关系的相关定理、性质进行推理论证,寻找假设满足的条件,若满足则肯定假设,若得出矛盾的结论,则否定假设;(3)对于探索性问题用向量法比较容易入手,一般先假设存在,设出空间点的坐标,转化为代数方程是否有解的问题,若有解且满足题意则存在,若有解但不满足题意或无解则不存在.三、填空题:本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.已知空间的量()6,2,1a = ,()2,,3b x =,若()a b a -⊥ ,则x =______.【答案】13【解析】【分析】利用空间向量的坐标表示及数量积公式计算即可.【详解】因为()a b a -⊥ ,所以()0a b a -=,所以20a a b -=,又因为()6,2,1a = ,()2,,3b x = ,所以3641(1223)0x ++-++=,解得13x =.故答案为:13.13.设b 为实数,若直线y x b =+与曲线x =有公共点,则实数b 的取值范围是______.【答案】2⎡⎤-⎣⎦【解析】【分析】曲线x =表示是以原点为圆心,2为半径的半圆,直线y x b =+是一条斜率为1的直线,画出图象,结合图象,即可得出答案.【详解】由x =可得()2240x y x +=≥,即x =表示以原点为圆心,2为半径的半圆,直线y x b =+是一条斜率为1的直线,()2240x y x +=≥与y 轴交于两点分别是()0,2A ,()0,2B -,当点()0,2A 在直线y x b =+上时2b =;当直线y x b =+与()2240x y x +=≥2=,所以b =(舍)或b =-所以直线y x b =+与曲线x =有公共点,实数b满足2b -≤≤.实数b的取值范围为2⎡⎤-⎣⎦.故答案为:2⎡⎤-⎣⎦.14.我国著名数学家华罗庚说过:“数缺形时少直观,形少数时难入微.”事实上,很多代数问题可以转化为几何问题加以解决.如:若实数,x y 满足228130x y x +-+=,则x y +的最小值为______,______.【答案】①.4-②.13+【解析】【分析】利用直线和圆的位置关系可得x y +的最小值,把转化为点(),x y到直线10x +-=的距离与它到()1,0A 距离比值的2倍,结合图形可得答案.【详解】由228130x y x +-+=得()2243x y -+=,令x y t +=,则直线x y t +=与圆()2243x y -+=有公共点,所以圆心到直线x y t +=的距离为d =≤44t ≤≤+所以x y +的最小值为4-2=可以看作点(),x y到直线10x +-=的距离与它到()1,0A 距离比值的2倍,设过点()1,0A 的直线与圆相切于点(),P x y.设直线方程为()1y k x =-,由()()22143y k x x y ⎧=-⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩,得()()2222182130k x k x k +-+++=,()()()22228241130k k k ∆=+-++=,解得2k =±,结合图形可知2k =,把2k =代入联立后的方程可得切点(P ,代入可得13+.故答案为:4613+.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题求解的关键是把目标式转化为点(),x y到直线10x +-=的距离与它到()1,0A 距离比值的2倍,数形结合可得答案.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分,(15题13分,16-17题15分,18-19题17分)解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.如图所示,在几何体ABCDEFG 中,四边形ABCD 和ABFE 均为边长为2的正方形,//AD EG ,AE ⊥底面ABCD ,M 、N 分别为DG 、EF 的中点,1EG =.(1)求证://MN 平面CFG ;(2)求直线AN 与平面CFG 所成角的正弦值.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)3【解析】【分析】(1)建立空间直角坐标系,求得直线MN 的方向向量31,,12MN ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭ ,求得平面CFG 的法向量1n ,然后利用10n MN ⋅= ,证明1MN n ⊥,从而得出//MN 平面CFG ;(2)求得直线AN 的方向向量()1,0,2AN = ,由(1)知平面CFG 的法向量1n,结合线面角的向量公式即可得解.【小问1详解】因为四边形ABCD 为正方形,AE ⊥底面ABCD ,所以AB ,AD ,AE 两两相互垂直,如图,以A 为原点,分别以AB ,AD ,AE方向为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴正方向建立空间直角坐标系A xyz -,由题意可得0,0,0,()2,0,0B ,()2,2,0C ,()0,2,0D ,()0,0,2E ,()2,0,2F ,()0,1,2G ,30,,12M ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,()1,0,2N ,则()0,2,2CF =- ,()2,1,2CG =-- ,31,,12MN ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭ 设平面CFG 的一个法向量为1 =1,1,1,则11n CFn CG ⎧⊥⎪⎨⊥⎪⎩ ,故11·=0·=0n CF n CG ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩ ,即11111220220y z x y z -+=⎧⎨--+=⎩,则111112y z x z =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩,令12z =,得()11,2,2n =,所以()1331,2,21,,111221022n MN ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=⋅-=⨯+⨯-+⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ,所以1MN n ⊥,又MN ⊄平面CFG ,所以//MN 平面CFG .【小问2详解】由(1)得直线AN 的一个方向向量为()1,0,2AN = ,平面CFG 的一个法向量为()11,2,2n =,设直线AN 与平面CFG 所成角为θ,则111sin cos ,3n AN n AN n AN θ⋅=====⋅ ,所以直线AN 与平面CFG所成角的正弦值为3.16.已知点()2,3-在圆22:860C x y x y m +-++=上.(1)求该圆的圆心坐标及半径长;(2)过点()1,1M -,斜率为43-的直线l 与圆C 相交于,A B 两点,求弦AB 的长.【答案】(1)圆心坐标为()4,3-,半径长为2(2)165【解析】【分析】(1)先根据点在圆上求出参数m ,再将圆的方程化为标准方程,即可得出圆心及半径;(2)先写出直线方程,求出圆心到直线的距离,再根据圆的弦长公式l =.【小问1详解】因为点()2,3-在圆22:860C x y x y m +-++=上,所以4916180m +--+=,解得21m =,所以该圆的标准方程为()()22434x y -++=,所以该圆的圆心坐标为()4,3-,半径长为2;【小问2详解】因为直线l 过点()1,1M -,斜率为43-,所以直线l 的方程为()4113y x +=--,即4310x y +-=,则圆心()4,3-到直线l 的距离65d ==,所以165AB ===.17.已知椭圆C :()222210x y a b a b +=>>经过点1,2M ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,1F 、2F 是椭圆C 的左、右两个焦点,12F F =,P 是椭圆C 上的一个动点.(1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)若点P 在第一象限,且1214PF PF ⋅≤ ,求点P 的横坐标的取值范围.【答案】(1)2214x y +=(2)(.【解析】【分析】(1)依题意得焦点坐标,再利用椭圆的定义求得a ,进而求得b 即可;(2)设(),(0,0)P x y x y >>,从而可求得()2212134PF PF x y ⋅=--+≤ ,再把2214x y =-代入求解即可.【小问1详解】由已知得2c =c ∴=,()1F ∴,)2F ,142MF +==,同理2432MF =,1224a MF MF ∴=+=,2a ∴=,1b ∴==,∴椭圆C 的标准方程为2214x y +=.【小问2详解】设(),(0,0)P x y x y >>,且2214x y +=,则()1,PF x y =- ,)2,PF x y =- ,()2212134PF PF x y ∴⋅=--+≤ .由椭圆方程可得()2213144x x --+-≤,整理得239x ≤,所以0x <≤,即点P 的横坐标的取值范围是(.18.如图,在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,底面是边长为2的等边三角形,12CC =,D ,E 分别是线段AC ,1CC 的中点,1C 在平面ABC 内的射影为D .(1)求证:1A C ⊥平面BDE ;(2)若点F 为棱11B C 的中点,求点F 到平面BDE 的距离;(3)若点F 为线段11B C 上的动点(不包括端点),求平面FBD 与平面BDE 夹角的余弦值的取值范围.【答案】(1)证明过程见解析(2)4(3)1,22⎛ ⎝⎭【解析】【分析】(1)作出辅助线,得到BD ⊥平面11ACC A ,BD ⊥1AC ,又平行四边形11ACC A 为菱形,故1AC ⊥1AC ,又1//DE AC ,从而得到线面垂直,(2)建立空间直角坐标系,由(1)知,1AC ⊥平面BDE ;故平面BDE的一个法向量为(10,3,A C =- ,利用点到平面的距离向量公式求出答案;(3)设111,01C F C B λλ=<<,求出,Fλ,求出平面FBD 的法向量,结合平面BDE 的一个法向量为(10,3,A C =-,从而得到1cos ,A C m =,换元后,得到11cos ,,22AC m ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ .【小问1详解】连接11,C D AC ,因为1C 在平面ABC 内的射影为D ,所以1C D ⊥平面ABC ,因为,BD AC ⊂平面ABC ,所以1C D ⊥BD ,1C D ⊥AC ,因为ABC V 为边长为2的等边三角形,D 是线段AC 的中点,所以BD ⊥AC ,因为1C D AC D = ,1,C D AC ⊂平面11ACC A ,所以BD ⊥平面11ACC A ,因为1A C ⊂平面11ACC A ,所以BD ⊥1AC ,因为112C C AC ==,四边形11ACC A 为平行四边形,所以平行四边形11ACC A 为菱形,故1AC ⊥1AC ,因为D ,E 分别是线段AC ,1CC 的中点,所以1//DE AC ,故1AC ⊥DE ,因为DE BD D ⋂=,,DE BD Ì平面BDE ,所以1AC ⊥平面BDE ;【小问2详解】由(1)知,1,,C D AC BD 两两垂直,以D 为坐标原点,1,,BD DA C D 所在直线分别为,,x y z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,因为1C D ⊥AC ,D 是线段AC 的中点,所以由三线合一可得112C C AC ==,又2AC =,故1ACC △为等边三角形,(()()11110,,0,1,0,,,,,22A C B C F B ⎛- ⎝,由(1)知,1AC ⊥平面BDE ;故平面BDE的一个法向量为(10,3,A C =-,点F 到平面BDE 的距离11334DF A C d A C⋅== ;【小问3详解】点F 为线段11B C 上的动点(不包括端点),设111,01C F C B λλ=<<,(,Fs t ,则()),,0s t λ=,故,s tλ==,故,Fλ,设平面FBD 的法向量为(),,m x y z =,则())(),,0,,,0mDB x y z m DF x y z x y λλ⎧⋅=⋅==⎪⎨⋅=⋅=+=⎪⎩,解得0x =,令1y =,则33z =-,故30,1,3m ⎛⎫=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,又平面BDE的一个法向量为(10,3,A C =-,故111cos ,A C m A C m A C m ⋅==⋅ ,令()32,3q λ-=∈,则1cos ,A C m ==,因为111,32q⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,故2111124443q ⎛⎫⎛⎫-+∈ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,13,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎪⎝⎭,平面FBD 与平面BDE 夹角的余弦值取值范围是1,22⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.【点睛】立体几何二面角求解方法:(1)作出辅助线,找到二面角的平面角,并结合余弦定理或勾股定理进行求解;(2)建立空间直角坐标系,求出平面的法向量,利用空间向量相关公式求解.19.已知点A ,B 是平面内不同的两点,若点P 满足PAPBλ=(0λ>,且1λ≠),则点P 的轨迹是以有序点对(),A B 为“稳点”的λ—阿波罗尼斯圆.若点Q 满足QA QB μ⋅=(0μ>),则点Q 的轨迹是以(),A B 为“稳点”的μ—卡西尼卵形线.已知在平面直角坐标系中,()2,0A -,(),B a b (2a ≠-).(1)当2a =,0b =时,若点P 的轨迹是以(),A B 为“稳点”阿波罗尼斯圆,求点P 的轨迹方程;(2)在(1)的条件下,若点Q 在以(),A B 为“稳点”的5—卡西尼卵形线上,求OQ (O 为原点)的取值范围;(3)卡西尼卵形线是中心对称图形,且只有1个对称中心,若0b =,λ=试判断是否存在实数a ,μ,使得以(),A B 为“稳点”—阿波罗尼斯圆与μ—卡西尼卵形线都关于同一个点对称,若存在,求出实数a ,μ的值,若不存在,请说明理由.【答案】(1)221240x y x +-+=(2)[]1,3(3)不存在,理由见解析【解析】【分析】(1)由题意可知PA PB =,设:(),P x y=,整理计算即可求解;(2)设(),Q x y ,由定义得到()222242516x y x ++=+,从而有2240y x =-≥,求得209x ≤≤,再由OQ =(3)由0b =,λ=(),A B 为“稳点”一阿波罗尼斯圆的方程:()22244240x y a x a +-++-=,再结合对称性及QA QB μ⋅=得到μ—卡西尼卵形线,关于点2,02a -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭对称,从而得到2222a a -+=推出矛盾,即可解决问题.【小问1详解】由已知()2,0A -,()2,0B 且PA PB=(),P x y=,∴()()22222222++=-+x y x y ,整理得:221240x y x +-+=,∴点P 的轨迹方程为:221240x y x +-+=.【小问2详解】由(1)知()2,0A -,()2,0B ,设(),Q x y,由5QA QB ⋅=,5=,所以()222242516x y x ++=+,2240y x =-≥,整理得42890x x --≤,即()()22190x x +-≤,所以209x ≤≤,OQ ==209r ≤≤,得13OQ ≤≤,即OQ 的取值范围是[]1,3.【小问3详解】若0b =,则以(),A B 为“稳点”—阿波罗尼斯圆的方程为()()222222x y x a y ⎡⎤++=-+⎣⎦,整理得()22244240x y a x a +-++-=,该圆关于点()22,0a +对称.由点()2,0A -,(),0B a 关于点2,02a -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭对称及QA QB μ⋅=,可得μ—卡西尼卵形线关于点2,02a -⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭对称,令2222a a -+=,解得2a =-,与2a ≠-矛盾,所以不存在实数a ,μ,使得以(),A B 一阿波罗尼斯圆与μ—卡西尼卵形线都关于同一个点对称.。
湖南2024—2025学年度高二第一学期期中考试语文(答案在最后)时量:150分钟满分:150分得分:一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
①对于“过去之事、眼前之事、将来之事”,新闻和文学都有自己不同的表现方式。
然而,在当今商业化的趋势下,各类叙事成了大众文化的重要内容,新闻报道也进入了叙事的时代——一个让人眼花缭乱的“新闻故事化”时代。
虽然“新闻故事化”未必不好,但新闻叙事和文学叙事有着本质的区别。
②有人曾戏言:文学是“人学”,新闻是“事学”。
就文本而言,新闻与文学是两个不同类别的人文学科。
新闻反映的是客观事实,而文学表达的是主观情感。
从叙事内容来看,文学叙事的基础是“母题”,新闻叙事的基础是“事实”。
韦斯坦因认为文学叙事的母题数量和结构相对稳定,主要可以归结为生与死、爱与恨、美与丑三项二元组合结构,由此对应的基本题材就是战争、爱情与世俗生活,绝大部分文学作品的叙事主题都是由此产生的变体。
③文学叙事主题大多以情感发展为主线,通过性格、感情冲突塑造人物形象。
文学叙事的母题不论生与死、爱与恨还是美与丑,都带有强烈的感情判断色彩。
文学作品在安排情节时需要理性地建立大家的常识性认识,但感性是文学打动人的核心因素,文学叙事的成功与否在很大程度上取决于这种感性叙事能否充分激发读者的代入感和感情共鸣。
文学叙事作品中的“事”一般而言是虚构的,亚里士多德说:“诗人的职责不在于描述已发生的事,而在于描述可能发生的事,即按照可然律或必然律可能发生的事。
”而新闻作品所叙之事,依据新闻的本质,则是已经发生和正在发生的事,即事实。
因此,新闻叙事应具有客观真实的特点。
新闻叙事要求叙事者从理性的态度出发,诉诸受众的内容以信息为主,用客观事实表现社会或人物状态。
当然,新闻报道中也会有感性的描写、刻画,但其目的是让新闻叙事更生动、真实,具有更强的感染力。
④再者,文学叙事主题通常具有较强的个人化特征,即叙事者对叙事文本传达或是否需要传达某个内容给读者并不在意,更多是叙事者个人意识和情感的宣泄。
2024-2025学年江西省南昌县莲塘第一中学高二上学期11月期中考试数学试卷一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知z =1−i ,则z (1−z )=( )A. −1−iB. −1+iC. 1−iD. 1+i2.已知椭圆方程为x 236+y 264=1,则该椭圆的长轴长为( )A. 6B. 12C. 8D. 163.已知椭圆C:x 23+y 22=1的左、右焦点分别为F 1,F 2,过F 2的直线l 交C 于A 、B 两点,则△AF 1B 的周长为( )A. 2B. 4C. 23 D. 434.已知双曲线C:x 2a 2−y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的离心率为2,则渐近线方程是( )A. y =±12xB. y =±2xC. y =±3xD. y =±33x 5.已知抛物线的焦点在直线x−2y−4=0上,则此抛物线的标准方程是( )A. y 2=16xB. x 2=−8yC. y 2=16x 或x 2=−8yD. y 2=16x 或x 2=8y6.“a =3”是“直线l 1:ax−2y +3=0与直线l 2:(a−1)x +3y−5=0垂直”的( )A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件7.已知动圆C 与圆C 1:(x−3)2+y 2=4外切,与圆C 2:(x +3)2+y 2=4内切,则动圆圆心C 的轨迹方程为( )A. 圆B. 椭圆C. 双曲线D. 双曲线一支8.一个工业凹槽的截面是一条抛物线的一部分,它的方程是x 2=4y,y ∈[0,10],在凹槽内放入一个清洁钢球(规则的球体),要求清洁钢球能擦净凹槽的最底部,则清洁钢球的最大半径为( )A. 12B. 1C. 2D. 52二、多选题:本题共3小题,共18分。
在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求。
吉首市一中高二第一学期数学检测题
班级 学号 姓名
一、选择题:(本大题每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合要求的)
1、已知点A (2,3),B (1,5),则直线AB 的倾斜角是 ( )
A .arctan 2
B .arctan (-2)
C .π
2
+ arctan 2 D .π - arctan 2
2、已知点A (x ,5)关于点B (1,y )的对称点为C (-2,-3),则
P (x ,y )到原点的距离是 ( ) A .4 B .13 C .15 D .17
3、把直线2x - y – 4 = 0绕着它与x 轴的交点A 按逆时针旋转 π
4
所得到的直线方程是 ( )
A .x + y + 2 = 0
B .x + 3y - 7 = 0
C .3x - y - 6 = 0
D .3x + y - 6 = 0
4、在平面内,到x 轴、y 轴以及直线x + y = 2的距离相等的点共有 ( ) A .1个 B .2个 C .3个 D .4个
5、直线l 的倾斜角的正弦值为13
12
,则l 的斜率为 ( ) A.
12
5 B.
5
12
C .125±
D.5
12± 6、若0>ac ,0<bc 。
则直线0=++c by ax 必不经过 ( ) A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限 7、已知2
0π
θ≤
≤,且点)c o s ,1(θ到直线1c o s s i n =+θθy x 的距离等于4
1,则θ等于
( ) A.
6π B. 4π C. 3π D. 2
π 8、.过点)3,4(P ,且在两坐标轴上的截距相等的直线方程是:( ) A.7=+y x
B.043=-y x
C. 7=+y x 或043=-y x
D. 7=-y x 或043=+y x
9、两条直线2x+3y-m=0和x-my+12=0交点在x 轴上,那么m 的值是( )
A .24
B .6
C .-24
D .-6
10、已知点(3 , 1)和点(-4 , 6)在直线 3 x – 2 y + m = 0 的两侧,则( )
A.m <-7或m >24
B.-7<m <24
C.m =-7或m =24
D.-7≤m ≤ 24 11.“直线21//l l 直线”是“直线1l 的斜率1k 等于2l 的斜率2k ”的:( )
A. 充分不必要条件
B.必要不充分条件
C. 充要条件
D.既不充分又不必要条件
11.“5=k ”是“两直线025=-+y kx 和07)4(=-+-y x k 互相垂直”的:( )
A.充分不必要条件
B. 必要不充分条件
C. 充要条件
D. 既不充分又不必要条件
12.直线l 过点)2,1(P ,且)5,4(),3,2(-N M 到l 的距离相等,则直线l 的方程是:( )
A.064=++y x
B.064=-+y x 或0723=-+y x
C.064=-+y x
D.064=-+y x 或0732=-+y x
二、填空题:
13、直线3x + y + 6 = 0与直线x = 0的夹角为 。
14、已知直线1:111=+y B x A l 和1:222=+y B x A l 相交于点)3,2(P ,则过点),(111B A P 、()222,B A P 的直线方程为 .
15、已知直线1l 的倾斜角为1α,则1l 关于x 轴对称的直线2l 的倾斜角2α用1α 表示为 .
16. 已知直线l 的方程为01243=-+y x ,过点)3,1(-且与l 垂直的直线方程为 . 17. 经过点)2,1(的光线射到y 轴上,反射后经过点)3,4(-,反射光线所在的直线方程为 . 三、解答题:
18、已知直线l 1:(m 2 – m - 2)x + 2y + m -2=0和l 2:2x + (m -2)y + 2 =0,m 取什么
值时有:○1 l 1⊥l 2;○2 l 1与l 2斜率相等。
19. (本题12分) 直线l 在y 轴上的截距是1,并且l 到直线06332=++
y x 的角为6
π,求l 的方程.
20. (本题12分) 已知甲、乙两煤矿每年的产量分别为200万吨和300万吨,需经过东车站和西车站两个车站运往外地,东车站每年最多运280万吨煤,西车站每年最多运360万吨煤,甲煤矿运往东车站和西车站的运费价格分别为1元/吨和1.5元/吨,乙煤矿运往东车站和西车站的运费价格分别为0.8元/吨和1.6元/吨.煤矿应怎样编制调运方案,使总运费最少?
21、有两种物资(石油和粮食),可用轮船和飞机两种方式运输,每天每艘轮船和每架飞机运输效果如下:
(即运费最低)?
22、已知直线l:(2 + m)x + (1-2m)y + 4-3m = 0。
(1)求证:不论m为何实数,直线l恒过一个定点M;(2)若直线l1过点M,且与两轴的负半轴围成的三角形面积最小,求l1的方程;(3)若直线l2过点M,且与两轴围成的三角形面积等于上述的面积的最小值,问这样的直线共有几条?。