PPT西方中世纪翻译史

the original without distorting the target language. ”
–Baker and Hanna
y
This movement had a profound impact on the development of scientific and philosophical thought throughout the Arab world, leading directly to the cultural and ideological changes of the time in the region
The creation of translators depends on the relationship between power and knowledge
Translation method: literal King Alfonso X asks for that translation should be easy to understand
Religion cumbers the development of science
Western science develops slowly at this period
Causes
A large scale of translation activities centered on Greek scientific and philosophical materials began at the Arabic world
Many precious Greek works preserved by this movement eg.There were two volumes of Ptolemy's most important work, Planetary Hypotheses, written in his later years, only the first was preserved in the ancient Greek text, and the crucial second only survived in Arabic translation
With a deep understanding of the original text,Hunayn’ translation is accurate ,and equipped with detailed notes .
Created a number of corresponding Arabic medical, philosophical, animal, plant names and astronomical terms.
“The first [method], associated with Yuhanna Ibn al-Batr ̄ıq and Ibn Na ̄’ima al-Himsi, was highly literal and consisted of
translating each Greek word with an equivalent Arabic word and, where none existed, borrowing the Greek word into
Gerard of Cremona
1114-1187AC From Italy to Toledo Seek for Ptolemy’ famous astronomic book Almagest《 天文学大成》 Translate Almagest in 1175 Translate more than 80 works which includes a wide variety of sciences
Hundred Years’Translation Movement of Arab In the Middle
Ages
Contents
Background Period 1 Period 2 Influence
Background
Middle Ages (500AC-1500AC)
A dark age in the development of modern science and human history
Period 1
When
830AC-930AC
Where
Baghdad
Process
Translate Greek scientific
and philosophical material into Arabic
Main Translators Hunayn ibn Ish-aq
Achievements
Period 2
When
11th -13th century AC
Where
Toledo 托莱多
Process
Translate scientific and
philosophical material of Greek and Arab into
Latin
The most important translator Gerard ( 1114-1187)
The establishment of the Wisdom of House played an important role for the Arab world to assimilate civilization fruits of China，Greek，India,Persia
Improving the development of science and technology
made an admirable contribution to making Arabic the academic language of the middle ages
Achievements
Dialogues and Republic of Plato The logic essays of Aristotle: Organon《工具论》, which includes Categories《范畴篇》,On Interpretation 《解释篇》，Pior Analytics 《前分析篇 》,Posterior Analytics 《后分析篇》，Topics《论辩篇 》 , On Sophistical Refutations《辩谬篇》 ,The Metaphysics《形而上学》 Ptolemy’ works about Astronomy
Achievements
Two features of translation activities in Toledo
Translation activities supported by the Christian Church
Among these translation works，most of them are Arabic texts translated from Greek，the rest are Arabic books or Greek books
Hunayn ibn Ish-aq
The greatest translator in the history of Arabic Famous scholar Take charge of translation work of the House of Wisdom Proficient in Greek, Persian, syriac and Arabic
Arabic. ”
-Baker and Hanna
“The second method, associated with Ibn Isha ̄q and al-Jawahari, consisted of
translating sense-for-sense, creating fluent target texts which conveyed the meaning of
Translation Features In the 13th Century
Served for sponsors not religion eg. King Alfonso X
Devoted to establish Spanish culture
Target language : Spanish
Translation Features In the 12th Century
Served for the interests of the church Devoted to explore the heritage of Greek and Arab world Target language : Latin Care more about knowledge but not delivering information Translation method: literal
Political reason -to consolidate power
Culture reason -to meet the needs of people
Private reason - caliphs’ interests eg. Al-Mansur , the second Abbasid caliph(754-775),was obsessed with astrology
Reference
Introducing Translation Studies Jeremy Munday
《中西翻译简史》
谢天振
《百年翻译运动及其贡献》 张志忠
《伊斯兰教与中世纪阿拉伯翻译运动的兴起》杨文炯
《中世纪阿拉伯人的翻译运动与学术研究》 纳忠
House of Wisdom