医学英语PPT

医学英语术语精品课件
xx年xx月xx日
目 录
• 医学英语术语概述 • 医学英语术语的发音和拼写 • 医学英语术语的学习和应用 • 医学英语术语的翻译和解释 • 医学英语术语的词汇和表达 • 医学英语术语精品课件总结与展望
01
医学英语术语概述
医学英语术语的特点
科学性和严谨性
医学英语术语表达准确、严谨，遵循科学原则。
02
学习医学英语术语的 语境含义
医学英语术语在不同的语境下可能有 不同的含义，学习这些不同含义及其 用法可以帮助学生更好地应用术语。
03
积累医学英语术语的 用法
医学英语术语的用法多且复杂，学生 需要不断地积累学习，建立自己的词 汇库，以便在需要时可以迅速查找和 使用。
医学英语术语在医学文献中的应用
注意字母组合
医学英语术语中的字母组合往往有一定的规律可循，如“-itis”、“-ectomy”等，掌握 这些组合可以帮助您更好地拼写医学英语术语。
习惯使用缩写
医学英语术语中有很多常用的缩写，如“CBC”、“AST”等，使用这些缩写可以提高书 写效率。
医学英语术语的常用缩写和符号
常用缩写
如AST(Aspartate Aminotransferase)、 ALT(Alanine Aminotransferase)、 CBC(Complete Blood Count)等。
词根和前缀
医学英语术语多基于拉丁语和希腊语词根、前缀，如 “cardio-”表示“心脏”，“-ectomy”表示“切除术 ”。
专业性强
医学英语术语通常只在医学领域使用，表达精确、专业 。
医学英语术语的表达方式和特点
缩写和简写
同义词和近义词
医学英语术语常采用缩写和简写形式 ，如“CAD”代表“冠状动脉硬化性 心脏病”。

5. The doctors usually begin to make their rounds at eight in the morning.
6. They make the best use of their time to work out an operation program.
7. *1. 验血 8. 2. 抗生素方面有许多发现 9. 3. 出差错 10. 4. 病情正在好转 11. 5. 查房 12. 6. 抓紧时间
result. 3. 但是, 当Bowel 与一定的动词,名词或形容词搭配时, 往往不能够直译为”
肠”. 例如: 4. To have loose bowels 5. To have/ loosen bowels open 6. To bind the bowels 7. To move the bowels 8. To have bowel movements 9. To keep bowels open 10. *1. 腹泻 2. 大便 3. 引起便秘 4. 大便 5. 大便 6. 保持大便畅通 11. The medicine is used to move the bowels. 12. The client has not had any bowel movement for three
2. Coryza鼻炎is the primary infection of the nose and nasopharynx鼻咽.
Primary: 主要的, 基本的, 第一的, 领先的
*应该翻译为: 原发(性)的
3. Heart failure is a frequent and important complication of subacute亚急性bacterial endocarditis ( 心内膜炎).

Pulmonary hypertension 肺循环高压
pulmo- ：肺的 hyper-：过多，过度，亢进，上
Pulmonary congestion
肺循环淤血 Pulmonary thromboembolism 肺血栓栓塞症 thrombo- 血栓
Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 -embolism ['embəlizəm] 栓塞
ron-deficiency anemia贫血Fra bibliotek缺铁性贫血
anemia
--emia 血液
Chronic leukemia 慢性白血病
Chronic 慢性的，久病的，长 期的，习惯的。
leuco – 白色的，无色的。 -emia 血液
Acute leukemia 急性白血病 acute 尖锐的，剧烈的，严重的。
PC : pulmonary circulation
肺循环
Pulmonary circulatory function
• Pulmonary circulation is the blood from the right ventricle to pulmonary artery, through the pulmonary capillary network, again by pulmonary venous flow back into the left atrium cycle. In the pulmonary circulation, from the right ventricle into the pulmonary venous blood flow through the lungs, capillary network, the carbon dioxide in the blood into alveolar, alveolar oxygen into the blood.

支扩
瘫痪
腭裂
Notice! -sis（倒三重音） 与 （倒二重音）的 -iasis, -osis, -esis区分
以-y结尾的派生词
-ectomy切除术 ,-(o)graphy描记法 ,-megaly巨大 , -(o)metry测量法 -(o)pathy病,疗法 ,-(o)phagy吃 , -(o)rrhaphy缝合术 ,-(o)scopy检查,检查法 , -(o)stomy造口术 ,-therapy治疗法 ,-(o)tomy切开
-ptosis 下垂:
blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂
-sclerosis 硬化: atherosclerosis 粥样硬化
-esis
[i:]
-poiesis 生成:
术
leucopoiesis 白细胞生成
-centesis 穿刺术: amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺
-iasis
-ism
前为自由词素时，重音从原的词词缀 alcoholism酒精中毒（alcohol） nicotinism 尼古丁中毒 （nicotin）
前为粘着词素，倒三重音的根词缀 anabolism 合成代谢 catabolism 分解代谢 metabolism 新陈代谢
判断医学术语重音的思维方法
(2)倒三重音(最多) (3)重音从原
重音从原的词词缀（中和派生词缀）
-cele疝、膨出 -cyte细胞
-blast 成…细胞 –gram图
-graph仪表 -lith结石 -phage吞噬 -scope 检查器械
-spasm 痉挛 –tome刀 ...
-cele
esophagocele 食道疝
pediătrics儿科

分居或离婚的人，尤其是男性，比结婚的人Fra bibliotek容易变 得压抑。
People who have a serious illness are more likely to suffer from depression. 身患重病的人更容易患上抑郁症
3
Four Questions 四个问题
1. What is depression?
抑郁症是一种使你在过长时间内感到伤心或绝望的情绪障碍 。不仅仅是对悲伤，或低能量的暂时 的感受，抑郁还显著影响到你的生活享受、工作、健康和你关心照顾的人。
5
Depression affects people differently. Some feel down for extended periods of time; for others the feelings of depression come and go.
虽然抑郁症的病因不完全了解，我们知道它与大脑中化学物质失衡有关，一旦失衡得 到纠正，抑郁症的症状即症状改善。
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3.What are the symptoms? 抑郁症的症状
Poor memory
记忆力差
Difficulty making decisions
难以抉择
Changes in eating and
您可以继续工作，照顾 日常活动有轻度的抑郁。
Untreated depression may make you be at risk for getting more depressed or becoming physically ill.
未经治疗的抑郁症可能 会让你处于危险越来越 沮丧或成为身体生病。
Serious depression c•aCnlicck atouasddeTepxet ople to b•eCclicokmtoeadidnTcexat pable of c•oCmlickmtouanddicTaextting, unable to do routine activities, or suicidal.

Causes And Risk Factors
Breast Cancer Genes
—
The genes most commonly involved in breast cancer are known as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with mutations( 突变) in these genes have up to an 80 percent chance of getting breast cancer at some point in life(有大于80%的几 率在其一生的某个年龄段罹患乳腺癌).
Staging 分期 Treatment 治疗 Expectations 预后 Prevention 预防
Summary 综述
Breast Cancer Today — In America
Breast cancer today is not what it was 20 years ago. Survival rates are climbing, thanks to greater awareness, more early detection, and advances in treatment. (归功于更多的关注，更早的监测和更先进的 治疗技术) For roughly 200,000 Americans who are diagnosed with breast cancer each year(每年约有二十万美国人被诊断为乳腺癌), there are plenty of reasons to be hopeful.
In America, About 1 out of 8 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year.(在美国，一年统计数据表明，大约每八个女性中有 一个会罹患乳腺癌)

examination is gastritis associated with helicobacter pylori.
2011年8月13日，健康顾问电话告知会员健康检查结果，
会员表示明白。他的主要健康问题是幽门螺杆菌感染、
胃炎。
36
9.2nd.2011, he came to hospital and took ECG, Echocardiography and 14C Urea breath test, then
这段时间，你要多喝些水和 以及多休息，如果感觉有什么 不舒服的要及时复诊。
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All right , let’s get into the third part :discuss a health report of VIP client. At first , please let Michelle introduce the health report of VIP client.
and had IV fluid.
欧阳明先生复诊皮肤科并行静脉输液。
Ms. Dengyu Xian came to hospital and took blood test, then took medicine home.
邓玉仙女士院行血液检查,并带药回家。
Ms. Lihongwei had hypodermal injection.
8.7th.2011，he phoned the health consultant
and said that he had got stomach pain in 1 hour and had taken some medicine which the more
unkonwn ,to stop the pain but effectless.

______________________________ ______________________________
Lead-in
Key:
A good physician is usually • motivated, mature, compassionate,
organized, adaptable, stress-resilient; • with high level of integrity and strong
on several occasions
the medical education community
医学教育界
Para. 1 Language focus
medical school _c_u_rr_ic_u_l_u_m_（医学院课程） medical education _c_o_m_m__u_n_ity_（医学教育界）
Unit 9
Medical Education
Contents
• Reading • Viewing • Speaking • Writing • Get ready for Unit 10
Reading
Text A
• Lead-in • Main idea • Language focus • Tasks
… it is not possible to define what it means to be a physician by identifying a body of knowledge and a set of skills that all physicians must possess.
Para. 5
Main idea The goals of medicine: Hastings Center’s project

阅读他的专业书刊中很少遇到自己不能理 解的专业词汇。
• 11. 1 医学英语术语词素 • 根据构词法，组成单词的要素，即用以构成单词
的有意义的音节，叫做词素（morpheme或wordelement）。词素可分为词根（root, base），连 接元音(connective or combining vowel)，组合形 式（combining form），前缀（prefix），后缀 （suffix）。以endo/crin/o/logy为例，endo是前缀， crin是词根，o为连接元音，crino为组合形式， logy是后缀。 • 11. 1. 1 词根 词根是一个术语最根本的成分，它 构成该术语的语义核心。下面是以cephal- 为词根 的一组同族词（cognate words）。
• 医学英语术语中的前缀主要源于古希腊语 和拉丁语的介词、部分数词或表示态度的 词。由于长期放在词根前使用，它们便失 去了独立作用而成为前缀。
• 11. 1. 3 后缀 后缀是附加在词根后的词素。
• （1）纯后缀 在普通英语构词中，后缀一 般不改变词的含义，只表示其词类。这种 后缀叫纯后缀(real suffix). 医学英语中，也 有纯后缀, 但数量较少，一般是从古希腊语 和拉丁语移入的或转化的。
• （2）去掉医学英语术语的古希腊语或拉丁语前缀、 后缀及连接元音。例如：viricide(杀[病]毒剂)去掉 后缀-cide（杀…）和连接元音-i-，就得词根vir(病毒、毒）；同样将antivirin(抗病毒素)去掉前缀 anti-(抗)和后缀-in(…素)也可得词根vir-(病毒)。这 是从现有词汇中获得词根的常见方法。
• 前缀 +词根 +连接元音+ 后缀 → 全词
词义

Two historical factors: Industrial Revolution and the British Empire
Neologism :oxygen, protein, nuclear, vaccine (Latin /Greek roots)
-
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Late Modern English (1800 - Present)
Horsepower, airplane, typewriter (English roots)
This burst of neologism continues today, visible in the field of electronics and computers: cyber-, bios, hard-drive, and microchip
-
7
The Norman Conquest and Middle English (1100 -1500)
William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, subsequently King William I, invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 1066. They spoke a dialect of Old French known as Anglo-Norman. The Normans were also of Germanic stock and Anglo-Norman was a French dialect that had considerable Germanic influences in addition to the basic Latin roots.

事故发生时正是深更半夜。
介词的省略
Sometimes surgeons make their rounds in the morning and perform operations in the afternoon.
有时外科医生上午查病房，下午做手术。（省略在）
连词的省略
Some patients are susceptible to pain, but others tolerate it with impunity.
不定冠词后的名称所代表的人或物是属于哪一类，如果这个名词在句中是表语，可以译出，否则可以省略。
Lung cancer is a malignant disease.
肺癌是一种恶性的疾病。
A medical worker should think of the patients all the time.
假设那样就应做剖腹术，而且不能延迟。
否定
Is the patient not prepared to be operated upon? No, he isn’t.
这病人不打算动手术吗？是的，他不打算动手术。
Let us know if the plan doesn’t work.
告诉我们计划是否行得通。（而不是是否行不通）
B
A careful analysis of the patient’s history shows that urticaria is a sort of clinical clue to viral hepatitis.
详细分析患者的病史后，就看得出荨麻疹是病毒性肝炎的一种临床线索。
The patient has no knowledge of when the first attack occurred.

• （2）去掉医学英语术语的古希腊语或拉丁语前缀、 后缀及连接元音。例如：viricide(杀[病]毒剂)去掉 后缀-cide（杀…）和连接元音-i-，就得词根vir(病毒、毒）；同样将antivirin(抗病毒素)去掉前缀 anti-(抗)和后缀-in(…素)也可得词根vir-(病毒)。这 是从现有词汇中获得词根的常见方法。
难读、难记，给医务人员阅读，翻译和写作带来
了很大困难，但其构词、读音和拼写是有规律可
循的。绝大多数医学术语是由一些词素按一定的 构词规律构成的派生词和复合词。
• 虽然医学术语冗长、难认、难读、 难记，给医务人员阅读，翻译和写 作带来了很大困难，但其构词、读 音和拼写是有规律可循的。绝大多 数医学术语是由一些词素按一定的 构词规律构成的派生词和复合词。
• 医学术语大量吸收外来语，特别是拉丁语和希腊 语，医学科学迅速发展，特别是它已伸延到探究
生命本质的领域，涉及的学科日益繁多，于是产
生了大量医学术语。据统计，医学英语词汇已超 过32万，每年还产生1500个新词。医学英语词汇 如此繁多，就连以英语为母语的英美医学院校的
学生，也感到棘手。虽然医学术语冗长、难认、
solution pulmon hirudin cartilagin diaphragmat radic cortic abdomin capit
格尾
is is is is is is is is is
复数主格
solutiones pulmones hirudines cartilagines diaphragmata radices cortices abdomina capita
• 11. 1 医学英语术语词素 • 根据构词法，组成单词的要素，即用以构成单词

问诊用语
医生： 1. Hello,may /can I help you？ Sit down，please. What's the trouble? What's the problem? What's troubling you? What's the matter (with you)? What`s wrong (with you)? What's bothering you? What`s your complaint? 2. Do you have a record？ When did it happen? When did the trouble start? When did the symptom begin？ When did you first notice it? How long have you been like this? How long have you been feeling like this?
病人主诉： 1. I feel under the weather. 我不舒服，生病了。 I have a headache, nausea and vomiting. 我觉得头痛、恶心、想吐。 My head is pounding. 我头痛。 I feel light-headed. 我觉得头晕。 I feel drowsy, dizzy and nauseated. 我觉得昏昏欲睡，头晕目眩，还想吐。 I feel as though everything around me is spinning. I feel exhausted most of the time. 我大部份时间都觉得非常疲倦。 I feel unusually tired. 我感到反常的疲倦。 2. Urinating after an operation is very hard.手术后排尿很困难。 I haven't had much energy for some time. 我感到虚弱有段时间了。 I have been staying in for a few days. 我生病在家几天了。 My symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, excessive fatigue, fever and chills. 我的症状是没有食欲、体重减轻、极度疲倦、发烧和发冷。 医生问诊： 1. Have you had any chills （chest pain）？您有发冷（胸痛）吗 Have you ever coughed up blood？您咳血吗？ Do you bring anything up when you cough？咳嗽时有痰吗 Is there a sense of distension and numbness？你有胀和麻木的感觉吗

CT
Antagonistic
PTH
[Ca2+] controlled by negative feedback loop
Control of Bone Deposition
Control of Bone Resorption
Promote the growth of new bone
Bring about the degeneration of cartilage cells
Never metabolically at rest
Replacing itself throughout adult life
Remodeling allows worn or injured bone to be removed and replaced with new tissue
Gigantism Dwarfism
CT is produced by the thyroid gland, inhibits osteoclastic activity
PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases the number and activity of osteoclasts
Remodeling allows bone to serve as the body’s storage area for calcium
Constant supply of Ca2+ in the blood stream
needed for:
◦ Transmission of nerve impulses ◦ Muscle contraction ◦ Blood coagulation ◦ Cell division

Coverage
The field of holistic medicine is very diverse and broad．Some providers define holistic oncology as care that includes emotional and spiritual aspects，while others focus on these aspects to the exclusion of the physical．There are many different techniques and approaches in holistic medicine，depending on the practitioner， the person，and the illness．All，however，stress the use of treatments that
Promotion for use
Some holistic medicine supporters claim，however，that conventional medicine does not work and that only the holistic approach to cancer and other diseases is effective．They May offer a”cure”based on individual stories of success or personal experience(anecdotal reports)，which are very hard to prove．Some of the different kinds of cancer which they claim can be cured by holistic methods include bone， breast，tongue，liver，lung，throat，skin，testicle，prostate， ovarian，uterus，stomach，intestinal，colon，brain，pancreatic， spleen，kidney，and bladder，as well as leukemia，lymphoma， and me healing system and take into account the person as a whole．