人教版初三英语语法和练习

名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词,it用法,主谓一致一．名词1.可数名词复数形式的构成（略）注意：1）two women doctors,three men teachers2）sports meet运动会sports woman女运动员2.不可数名词information,advice,news,paper（纸不可数，报纸论文可数）bread,meat,water,work,cloth,ink等。

a piece of newa,four bottles of ink,two pieces of advice两条意见3.名词的所有格1）China`s capital=the capital of China2）Jane and Helen`s room(共有)3）Bill`s and Tom`s bikes(不共有)4）at my aunt`s(在我婶婶家)，the teachers` office(老师的办公室)，two days` time (两天的时间)5）a friend of my father`s =one of my father`s friends(我父亲的一个朋友)a friend of mine=one of my friends（我的一个朋友）some books of my father`s（我父亲的一些书）6）body temperature(体温)evening suits(晚礼服)a bus stop(公共汽车站)oxygen supply(氧气供给)a story book(一本故事书)a model worker(模范工作者)the head engineer(主任工程师)the head teacher(班主任)mother deer(母鹿)students reading-room学生阅览室以上注意积累二．代词1）单数you---he/she---IYou ,he and I should return on time.你，我，他都应准时返回。

2）避免重复用that 或those代替前面提到的事物The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.The machines are better than those we produced last year..这些机器比我们去年生产的要好。

3）that指上文提到的事We have no time to do it.That is our trouble.我们没有时间去做，这就是我们的问题。

（that指We have no time to do it.）但若指下文要叙述的事情，一般用thisWhat I require of you is this.You should finish it in two hours.我所要求你的是这一点，你应该在两小时内完成。

三．数词1）hundreds /thousands /millions of--,dozens/scores of---five hundred,three dozen---2)in the 1990`s=in the 1990s在20世纪90年代in the thirties在30年代特别注意：in his thirties在他30多岁时3序数词可换成another时，序数词前一般用a不用theWould you like a second apple?=Would like another apple?再吃一个苹果好吗？四．冠词1）play the violin/pianoplay basketball/volleyball2)用于发明物的单数名词前Who invented the wheel?谁发明了轮子？3)用在序数词前I like the fifth picture.注意：Why not try a third time?=Why not try another time?为什么不再试一次？脉，the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉注意：Asia ,Africa,Europe,South America,North America,Oceania,Atarctica七大洲前不用the5）the Chinese ,the Americans6)the rich/the poor/the wounded/the old(谓语动词复数)7）by car/by bus/by plane/by air等注意：in the car ,on the bus等8）go to school/go to bed/in bed/go to hospital/in prison/send sb to prison等(病人，学生，囚犯等无冠词)注意：He went to the prison to see his son in prison.他到监狱去看坐牢的儿子。

五．介词1）in the east of China(范围内)to the east of China(范围外)east of China(既无the也无任何介词)六．it的几种句型（1）it 作形式主语，形式宾语It is important that we （should）learn English well.（形式主语）It is said that something has been done to end the pollution.据说已经采取措施来清除污染。

= Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.（形式主语）（2）I found/felt/thought it easy get along with him.(形式宾语)We think/ found/felt it no use keeping in touch with that company.(形式宾语)（3）like/hate it when---I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌嘴里塞满吃得东西在说话的人。

I like it when you sing.我喜欢你唱歌。

（4）It is likely that he will be late.他可能会迟到。

=He is likely to be late.(5)强调句型肯定句：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+其余部分I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.It was I that /who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.(不能用where)It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.(不能用when)强调句型一般疑问句：Is/was+it+强调部分+that/who+其余部分Was it you that/who told Jim the news in your office yesterday?强调句型特殊疑问句：疑问词+is/was+that/who+其余部分？Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?When was it that you told Jim the news in your office?Where was it that you told Jim the news yesterday?What was it that you told Jim in your office yesterday?Who was it that you told the news in your office yesterday?注意：以上强调句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词时（只能是一般现在时和一般过去时）在动词前加do/does/didI did tell Jim the news in our office yesterday.我昨天的确在我们办公室把这个消息告诉吉姆了。

Do come tomorrow.=Be sure to come tomorrow.明天一定要来。

He does often come.他的确经常来。

注意it容易混淆的句型（1）It was midnight when he came back .他回来时已经半夜了。

（时间状语从句）It was at midnight that he came back.(强调句型)=He came back at midnight.(2) It is /has been+时间+since从句It is /hasbeen five years since I came to China.=I came to China five years ago.=I have been in China for five years.It was/will be +时间+before从句，（还要过多久/过了多久就----）It will be three days before he makes a decision.还要过三天他才会做出决定。

It was hours befores we met again.几个小时以后我们又见面了。

（3）It is( high) time (that)+句子（从句中用过去式）It is time (that)he wrote a letter to his girlfriend.=It is time for him to write a letter to his girlfriend.(4)It/This is the first time (that) I have visited China.It/This was the first time (that) I had visited China.七．主谓一致1）one third(三分之一),two thirds(三分之二)，(分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母加s。