主要测井曲线及其含义
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类型原理及特点应用范围使用条件特征曲线自然伽马一、原理:自然伽玛测井是探测天然放射性的一种测井方法。
地层中的主要发射性元素为铀系、钍系和钾40系,这三种元素发出的伽玛射线是一种类似于光的高频电磁波,当伽玛射线被探头接收时,便损失了大部分能量并转换为可见光,然后由光电倍增管转换为电脉冲,其数量就反映了伽玛射线的强度。
二、特点:a、对于放射性物质含量均匀各向同性的岩层,当上、下围岩的放射强度相等时,曲线对称于地层中点;b、对着地层中点,曲线呈极大值,并且随着岩层厚度增加而增大,当厚度是井径3倍时,极大值为常数,曲线的极大值与地层放射性强度成正比。
c、当地层厚度是井径3倍时,由曲线的半幅点确定的岩层厚度为真厚度。
一、应用范围:a. 划分岩性及进行地层对比泥岩和页岩显示明显的高放射性。
在泥岩剖面上,纯砂岩显示最低值,泥岩显示最高值,泥质砂岩界于中间,并且随着泥质含量增高,自然伽玛数值也增高。
岩浆岩、富含放射性矿物的砂岩或石灰岩等比较咼。
一般情况下,石膏、硬石膏、岩盐和纯的石灰岩、白云岩的放射性很低。
白云岩往往比石灰岩具有较咼的放射性。
图为自然伽马在各种岩性的变化的相对幅度。
b. 计算泥质含量,是普遍的应用方法,是各种程序计算泥质含量的手选曲线。
但由于,有时砂岩地层有钾长石发育,使自然伽马在砂岩地层数值也不降低。
辽河油田西部凹陷多数由于钾长石发育,使自然伽马分层能力不好,不能用来计算泥质含量。
用自然伽玛测井曲线可以划分砂泥岩、计算泥质含量、识别特殊岩性、进行地层对比、评价生储盖的条件等。
广泛应用二、影响因素:a、地层的厚度;b、测井速度和仪器时间常数;c、仪器标准化的影响;d、井参数的影响;e、放射性测井曲线统计起伏误差的影响f、井参数的影响1)、泥浆如果井内没有泥浆,则井对伽玛射线吸收弱;而当有泥浆时,井内介质对伽玛射线的吸收较强。
可是由于泥浆中含有粘土,具有一定的放射性,这就抵消了伽玛射线强度的减弱,因此,井筒内泥浆一般对自然伽玛射线影响不大。
四、岩石组合及层序的测井解释模型不同沉积环境下形成的地层,在纵向上有不同的岩相组合,在横向上有不同的分布范围及沉积体的几何形态,砂体的内部具有不同的粒度,分选性,泥质含量。
(一)、测井曲线要素及其常规组合测井曲线地质意义1.幅度:分为低幅、中幅、高幅三个等级2.形态①钟形:反映水流能量向上减弱它代表河道的侧向迁移或逐渐废弃。
②漏斗:反映砂体向上部建造时水流能量加强,颗粒变粗分选加好,代表砂体上部受波浪收造影响,此外也代表砂体前积的结果。
③箱形:反映沉积过程中能量一致,物源充足的供应条件,是河道沙坝的曲线特征④对称齿形:常见的一种曲线形态,它多以充刷、充填作用为主,具有正粒序。
⑤反向齿形:常见的一种曲线形态,河水道末稍前积式充填为主具有反粒序。
⑥正向齿形:为充填堆积特征,常代表洪水作用下的堆积具有对称粒序。
⑦指形:代表强能量下的中层粗粒堆积,如海滩、湖滩⑧漏斗-箱形:代表丰富物源供应下的水下沙体堆积,为河口堆积的典型特征。
⑨箱形-钟形:环境为有丰富的物源,但后期由于河道迁移或废弃导致能量衰减,具有河道的均质沉积,到后期正向粒度的沉积。
⑩上为漏斗-箱形,下为漏斗-钟形:代表河道在迁移摆动条件下,有丰富物源供应的水道充填式堆积。
⑧、⑨、⑩统称为复合形,表示由两种或两种以上曲线形态组合,表示一种水动力环境向另一种环境的变化。
各类形态又可进一步细分为光滑形和锯齿形。
3.接触关系顶底接触关系反映砂体沉积初期、末期水动力能量及物源供应的变化速度,有渐变和突变两种,渐变又分为加速、线性和减速三种,反映曲线形态上的凸型、直线和凹型。
突变往往表示冲刷(底部突变)或物源的中断(顶部突变)。
单砂层顶部突变,反映了砂体沉积末期水动力、物源供应条件。
顶部突变代表物源供应的突然中断,顶部加速渐变代表水流能量在后期急刷减退或物源供应减少,多与河道末期沉积有关,顶部匀均渐变呈斜线形代表均匀的能量减退的过程。
为河道侧向迁移的典型特征,顶部减速渐变代表能量或物质供应在后期缓速消退,水下河道常具有这种特点,代表后续水流滞后沉积。
1.声波时差曲线:在泥砂岩剖面上,砂岩显示低时差,其数值随孔隙度的不同而不同;泥岩一般为高时差,其数值随压实程度的不同而变化;页岩的时差介于泥岩和砂岩之间;砾岩的时差一般都较低,并且越致密声波时差值越低.在碳酸盐剖面上,致密石灰岩和白云岩声波时差最低,如含有泥质时,声波时差增高,若有孔隙和裂缝,声波时差明显增大,甚至出现周波跳跃.石膏岩盐剖面,渗透性砂岩最高?,泥岩(含钙质、石膏多)与致密砂岩相近,泥质含量高时增大,岩盐扩径(井直径)严重,周波跳跃?气体比油水的时差要大的多,岩性一定时候,含气层段出现周波跳跃。
2.自然Gamma曲线:在泥砂岩剖面上,纯砂岩在自然Gamma曲线上显最底值,泥岩显最高值,粉砂岩和泥质砂岩介于二者之间,并随着岩层中泥质含量增加曲线幅度增加;在碳酸盐剖面上,泥岩和页岩显最高值,纯的石灰岩、白云岩有最低值,而泥灰岩、泥质石灰岩、泥质白云岩自然Gamma测井曲线值介于二者之间,并随泥质含量增加幅值增大.3.微电极测井曲线中砂岩异常幅度差大于粉沙岩异常幅度差.4.泥岩在密度测井曲线上值较高而煤层密度测井值在剖面上看很低5.在淡水泥浆的沙泥岩剖面井中,自然电位测井曲线以大断泥岩层部分的自然电位曲线为基线,此时出现负异常的井段都可认为是渗透性岩层。
在含有泥质的砂岩中由于泥质对溶液产生吸附电动势使总电动势降低。
所以纯砂岩的自然电位异常幅度要比泥质岩石的异常幅度大,而且随着砂岩中泥质含量的增加,自然电位异常幅度会随之减小自然电位与自然伽马对砂岩泥岩都很敏感,但是自然电位容易受到流体性质、岩层厚度的影响,含油气或者薄层时,幅度很低。
粉砂和泥的比值大于1:2,幅度趋于0.自然伽马虽然也受到层厚影响,层厚小于0.8米时才开始显现影响。
以上为一般情况(正常压实),如果欠压实,情况相反,砂岩出现高时差,如渤海湾明化镇组所以具体地区具体问题具体分析(要根据岩心资料建立具体解释模型)6.感应测井为了获取井下地层的原始含油饱和度资料,用油基钻井液钻井;为了不破坏井下地层的渗透率,有时采用空气钻井;这时井中没有导电介质,不能传导电流,为了解决这个问题,发明了感应测井。
Baker Atlas ECLIPS成像测井曲线名称及含义方法 LIS名称含义单位 ECLIPS名称4CAL C13 caliper axis from arms 1 and 3 DIAMETER in c134CAL C24 caliper axis from arms 2 and 4 DIAMETER in c24AC AM11 amplitude for 5 foot spacing FIXED dim amp11AC AM12 amplitude T1R2 FIXED dim amp12AC AM21 amplitude T2R1 FIXED dim amp21AC AM22 amplitude T2R2 FIXED dim amp22AC DT interval transit time over 24 inch interval ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtAC FA12 fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED raw fga12AC FA22 fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED raw fga22AC FP11 fixed gate pick for cbl FIXED us fgp11AC FP12 fixed gate pick for cbl FIXED us fgp12AC FP21 fixed gate pick for cbl FIXED us fgp21AC FP22 fixed gate pick for cbl FIXED us fgp22AC GD11 waveform gain factor (db) in analog acoustic FIXED dB gnd11AC GD12 waveform gain factor (db) in analog acoustic FIXED dB gnd12AC GD21 waveform gain factor (db) in analog acoustic FIXED dB gnd21AC GD22 waveform gain factor (db) in analog acoustic FIXED dB gnd22AC GN11 waveform gain factor FIXED dim gn11AC GN12 waveform gain factor FIXED dim gn12AC GN21 waveform gain factor FIXED dim gn21AC GN22 waveform gain factor FIXED dim gn22AC LTHR lower agc percent of max FIXED pct lthrAC PP11 user-entered predicted pipe time TIME us ppt11 AC PP21 user-entered predicted pipe time TIME us ppt21 AC PP22 user-entered predicted pipe time TIME us ppt22 AC SG11 signature from transmitter 1, receiver 1 FIXED raw sg11 AC SG12 signature from transmitter 1, receiver 2 FIXED raw sg12 AC SG21 signature from transmitter 2, receiver 1 FIXED raw sg21 AC SG22 signature from transmitter 2, receiver 2 FIXED raw sg22 AC ST11 waveform start time FIXED us st11 AC ST12 waveform start time FIXED us st12 AC ST21 waveform start time FIXED us st21 AC ST22 waveform start time FIXED us st22 AC T011 threshold value used for synch pulse pick AC waveform FIXED dim th011 AC T012 threshold value used for synch pulse pick AC waveform FIXED dim th012 AC T021 threshold value used for synch pulse pick AC waveform FIXED dim th021 AC T022 threshold value used for synch pulse pick AC waveform FIXED dim th022 AC TAU channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau AC TH11 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th11 AC TH12 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th12 AC TH21 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th21 AC TH22 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th22 AC UTHR upper agc percent of max FIXED pct uthr BAL AMPB signal amplitude T1R1 FIXED dim ampb BAL BAS bond attenuation T2R3 ATTENUATION dB/ft bas BAL BAT bond attenuation ATTENUATION dB/ft bat BAL BRAT bond rating FIXED dim brat BAL BRS short bond index FIXED dim brsBAL CATN compensated attenuation ATTENUATION dB/ft catn BAL CCL casing collar locator FIXED mV ccl BAL CHV cablehead voltage FIXED mV chv BAL ERR error FIXED dim error BAL ETM elapsed time FIXED ms etime BAL FPA uncompensated attenuation ATTENUATION dim fpa BAL G11 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g11 BAL G12 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g12 BAL G21 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g21 BAL G22 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g22 BAL G23 waveform gain factor FIXED dim g23 BAL GBR uncompensated attenuation ATTENUATION dB/ft gbr BAL GR gamma ray FIXED gAPI grBAL GWV1 gain for waveform 1 FIXED dim gwave1 BAL GWV2 gain for waveform 2 FIXED dim gwave2 BAL LTT long spaced travel time FIXED us/ft ltt BAL PWV1 sample period waveform 1 FIXED us pwave1 BAL PWV2 sample period waveform 2 FIXED us pwave2 BAL QBAL quality curve FIXED dim qbal BAL SAMP short-spaced cement bond amplitude FIXED dim samp BAL STT travel time T2R3 FIXED us stt BAL SWV1 start time waveform 1 FIXED us stwave1 BAL SWV2 start time waveform 2 FIXED us stwave2 BAL TT12 travel time T1R2 FIXED us tt12 BAL TT21 travel time T2R1 FIXED us tt21 BAL TT22 travel time T2R2 FIXED us tt22BAL TT23 travel time T2R3 FIXED us tt23 BAL TWV1 transmitter code waveform 1 FIXED dim twave1 BAL TWV2 transmitter code waveform 2 FIXED dim twave2 BAL UATN uncompensated attenuation ATTENUATION dB/ft uatn BAL WV1 waveform for spacing 1 FIXED dim wave1 BAL WV2 waveform for spacing 2 FIXED dim wave2 CAL C57 caliper from axis 5,7 DIAMETER in c57 CAL C68 caliper from axis 6,8 DIAMETER in c68 CAL CAL4 caliper from 4203 4-cal DIAMETER in cal4 CAL CXY2 caliper from c13 and c24 of second 8240 4-arm caliper DIAMETER in cxy2 CAL DMAX maximum caliper diameter DIAMETER in dmax CAL DMIN minimum caliper diameter DIAMETER in dmin CBIL ARA1 reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in arad1 CBIL ARA2 reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in arad2 CBIL ARA3 reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in arad3 CBIL ARA4 reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in arad4 CBIL ARAD reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in arad CBIL BHTA reflectance peak volts FIXED mV bhta CBIL BHTT reflectance travel time FIXED us bhtt CBIL DCNT data count FIXED dim dcnt CBIL FAMP fluid wave peak voltage FIXED mV famp CBIL FDBI fluid wave gain FIXED dB fdbi CBIL FGAT fluid noise gate FIXED us fgat CBIL FTIM fluid wave travel time FIXED us ftim CBIL MXSP maximum logging speed LENGTH-SPD ft/min mxspd CBIL NCNT north count FIXED dim ncntCBIL NSCN number of scans FIXED dim nscn CBIL QRTT acquire quality FIXED dim qrtt CBIL QSHB Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshfb CBIL QSHC Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshfc CBIL QSHD Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshfd CBIL QSHE Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshfe CBIL QSHF Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshf CBIL QSHF Quality of shifted data. FIXED dim qshff CBIL QSHI Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshi CBIL QSIB Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshib CBIL QSIC Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshic CBIL QSID Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshid CBIL QSIE Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshie CBIL QSIF Quality of shifted data index. FIXED dim qshif CBIL QSPD quality curve - speed FIXED dim qspd CBIL QSPN quality curve - spin rate FIXED Hz qspn CBIL RAD reflectance travel time radius DIAMETER in rad CBIL RBOF tool body mark orientation offset FIXED dim rbof CBIL SANG signature sweep control FIXED dim sang CBIL SDBI signature gain FIXED dB sdbi CBIL SFLD fluid wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft sfld CBIL SGAT signature start time FIXED us sgat CBIL SIG signature (flash) values FIXED dim sig CBIL SNUM wave identification FIXED dim snum CBIL SPER sample period FIXED us sper CBIL STIM signature travel time FIXED us stimCBIL TRIG orientation selection FIXED dim trig CBIL, STAR AAV average reflectance peak volts FIXED mV aav CBL CBL waveform, 12-bit data with 4-bit gain code FIXED dim cbl CBL FGA3 fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED dim fga2 CBL FGA5 fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED dim fga1 CBL FGAA fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED dim fga11 CBL FGAB fixed gate amplitude in cbl FIXED dim fga21 CCL ACCL analog (continuous) ccl for shooting FIXED dim accl CCL CCL casing collar locator FIXED mV ccl CCL WCCL wireline telemetry casing collar locator FIXED dim wccl CDL CAL caliper DIAMETER in cal CDL CALX caliper from x axis of x-y caliper(s) DIAMETER in calx CDL CALY caliper from y axis of x-y caliper(s) DIAMETER in caly CDL CORR density correction FORM-DENSITY g/cm3 corr CDL CPP crossplot porosity FIXED pu cpp CDL DEN compensated bulk density FORM-DENSITY g/cm3 den CDL DENI integrated compensated bulk density FORM-DENSITY psi deni CDL DNC corrected bulk density FORM-DENSITY g/cm3 dnc CDL DNIC integrated corrected compensated bulk density FORM-DENSITY psi denic CDL FD formation factor from density FIXED dim fd CDL FDC formation factor from density (corrected) FIXED dim fdc CDL LSD long spaced detector countrate FIXED cts/s lsd CDL PORD density porosity FIXED pu pord CDL PRDC borehole corrected density porosity FIXED pu pordc CDL RWAD apparent formation water resistivity, f from fd FIXED ohm.m rwad CDL SSD short spaced countrate FIXED cts/s ssdCHTS CHT cable head tension TENSION lbf cht CHTS CHT4 cable head tension TENSION lbf cht4 CHTS CHTS cable head tension TENSION lbf chts CMI CCL1 casing collar locator 1 FIXED mV ccl1 CMI CCL2 casing collar locator 2 FIXED mV ccl2 CMI DPCD Logging direction at sample time FIXED raw dpcdir CMI DPCT Time in Milliseconds FIXED ms dpctm CMI DRES User setting of to the encoder resolution. FIXED raw dpcresol CMI GR1 gamma ray 1 FIXED gAPI gr1CMI GR1C gamma ray 1 depth reference FIXED cts gr1c CMI GR2C gamma ray 2 depth reference FIXED cts gr2c CMI GR3 gamma ray 3 FIXED gAPI gr3CMI GR3C gamma ray 3 depth reference FIXED cts gr3c CMI GR4C gamma ray 4 depth reference FIXED cts gr4c CMI QGR1 gamma ray 1 depth corrected FIXED gAPI qgr1 CMI QGR2 gamma ray 2 depth corrected FIXED gAPI qgr2 CMI QGR3 gamma ray 3 depth corrected FIXED gAPI qgr3 CMI QGR4 gamma ray 4 depth corrected FIXED gAPI qgr4 CMI RDPC Raw Corrected Depth Pulse Count FIXED raw rcdpc CMI RUPC Raw Un-Corrected Depth Pulse Count FIXED raw rudpc CN CN compensated neutron porosity FIXED pu cnCN CNC borehole size corrected compensated neutron porosity FIXED pu cncCN CNCF field normalized compensated neutron porosity FIXED pu cncfCN CPP crossplot porosity FIXED pu cppCN CPPZ crossplot porosity from ZDEN FIXED pu cppzCN FCN formation factor from compensated neutron FIXED pu fcnCN FCPZ formation factor from crossplot FIXED pu fcpz CN LSN long spaced neutron FIXED cts/s lsnCN LSNR long spaced neutron (raw) FIXED cts/s lsnr CN RWAN apparent formation water resistivity, f from fcn FIXED ohm.m rwan CN SSN short spaced countrate FIXED cts/s ssnCN SSNR short spaced countrate (raw) FIXED cts/s ssnr DAC AM11 amplitude for 5 foot spacing FIXED dim amp11 DAC AM12 amplitude T1R2 FIXED dim amp12 DAC AM21 amplitude T2R1 FIXED dim amp21 DAC AM22 amplitude T2R2 FIXED dim amp22 DAC ATT1 Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft att1 DAC ATT2 Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft att2 DAC ATTN Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft attn DAC CGN3 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn04 DAC CGN3 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn21 DAC CGN5 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn03 DAC CGN5 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn11 DAC CST3 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst04 DAC CST3 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst21 DAC CST5 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst03 DAC CST5 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst11 DAC CTT3 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt04 DAC CTT3 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt21 DAC CTT5 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt03 DAC CTT5 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt11 DAC CWV3 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv04DAC CWV3 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv21 DAC CWV5 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv03 DAC CWV5 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv11 DAC DT interval transit time over 24 inch interval ACOU-SLOW us/ft dt24 DAC DTC compressional wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtc DAC DTCR compressional wave slowness from receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtcr DAC DTCT compressional wave slowness from transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtct DAC DTH 6 inch interval transit time ACOU-SLOW us/ft dth DAC DTMN minimal delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtmn DAC DTR interval transit time for receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtr DAC DTRS interval transit time for receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtrs DAC DTS shear wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dts DAC DTSD shear wave slowness from dipole pick ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtsd DAC DTST stonley wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtst DAC DTT interval transit time for transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtt DAC DTTS interval transit time for transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtts DAC F formation factor FIXED dim fDAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn05 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn07 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn10 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn11 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn01 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn05 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn06 DAC HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn07 DAC HGN6 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn06DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst05 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst07 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst10 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst11 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst01 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst05 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst06 DAC HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst07 DAC HST6 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst06 DAC HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tfts10 DAC HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tfts11 DAC HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tqts11 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt05 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt07 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt01 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt05 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt06 DAC HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt07 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv06 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv10 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv11 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv05 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv06 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv07 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv10 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv11DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tqwv11 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv01 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv05 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv06 DAC HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv07 DAC MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn06 DAC MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn10 DAC MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn11 DAC MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tqgn11 DAC MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn02 DAC MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst10 DAC MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst11 DAC MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tqst11 DAC MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst02 DAC MST6 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst06 DAC MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt06 DAC MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt10 DAC MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt11 DAC MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt02 DAC MWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv02 DAC NREJ number of rejected 6 inch delta?t FIXED dim nrej DAC NSRJ number of rejected 6 inch delta?t FIXED dim nrejs DAC PKSL slowness from compressed semblance (surface) ACOU-SLOW dim pkslow DAC PORA acoustic porosity FIXED pu pora DAC PPT user-entered predicted pipe time TIME us ppt DAC QP11 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp11DAC QP12 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp12 DAC QP13 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp13 DAC QP14 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp14 DAC QP15 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp15 DAC QP16 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp16 DAC QP17 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp17 DAC QP18 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp18 DAC QP19 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp19 DAC QP1A acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp110 DAC QP1B acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp111 DAC QP1C acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp112 DAC QP21 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp21 DAC QP22 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp22 DAC QP23 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp23 DAC QP24 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp24 DAC QP25 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp25 DAC QP26 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp26 DAC QP27 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp27 DAC QP28 acoustic pick quality curve FIXED dim qp28 DAC RWAA apparent formation water resistivity, f from acoustic FIXED ohm.m rwaa DAC S011 surface pick first arrival time, T1R1 FIXED us sfa11 DAC S012 surface pick first arrival time, T1R2 FIXED us sfa12 DAC S013 surface pick first arrival time, T1R3 FIXED us sfa13 DAC S014 surface pick first arrival time, T1R4 FIXED us sfa14 DAC S015 surface pick first arrival time, T1R5 FIXED us sfa015 DAC S015 surface pick first arrival time, T1R5 FIXED us sfa15DAC S016 surface pick first arrival time, T1R6 FIXED us sfa016 DAC S016 surface pick first arrival time, T1R6 FIXED us sfa16 DAC S017 surface pick first arrival time, T1R7 FIXED us sfa017 DAC S017 surface pick first arrival time, T1R7 FIXED us sfa17 DAC S018 surface pick first arrival time, T1R8 FIXED us sfa018 DAC S018 surface pick first arrival time, T1R8 FIXED us sfa18 DAC S021 surface pick first arrival time, T2R1 FIXED us sfa21 DAC S022 surface pick first arrival time, T2R2 FIXED us sfa22 DAC S023 surface pick first arrival time, T2R3 FIXED us sfa23 DAC S024 surface pick first arrival time, T2R4 FIXED us sfa24 DAC S025 surface pick first arrival time, T2R5 FIXED us sfa025 DAC S026 surface pick first arrival time, T2R6 FIXED us sfa026 DAC S027 surface pick first arrival time, T2R7 FIXED us sfa027 DAC S028 surface pick first arrival time, T2R8 FIXED us sfa028 DAC S110 surface pick first arrival time, T1R10 FIXED us sfa1110 DAC S111 surface pick first arrival time, T1R11 FIXED us sfa1111 DAC S112 surface pick first arrival time, T1R12 FIXED us sfa1112 DAC S113 surface pick first arrival time, T1R3 FIXED us sfa113 DAC S119 surface pick first arrival time, T1R9 FIXED us sfa119 DAC S213 surface pick first arrival time, T1R3 FIXED us sfa213 DAC S321 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa321 DAC S322 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa322 DAC S323 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa323 DAC S324 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa324 DAC S325 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa325 DAC S326 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa326DAC S327 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa327 DAC S328 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa328 DAC SDDT standard deviation of 6 inch delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft sddt DAC SMSP semblance step ACOU-SLOW us/ft sembstep DAC SMST semblance start ACOU-SLOW us/ft sembstrt DAC SMTR semblance trace FIXED dim sembtr DAC ST11 waveform start time FIXED us st11 DAC ST12 waveform start time FIXED us st12 DAC ST21 waveform start time FIXED us st21 DAC ST22 waveform start time FIXED us st22 DAC TAU1 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau100 DAC TAU2 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau02 DAC TAU2 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau20 DAC TH11 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th11 DAC TH12 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th12 DAC TH21 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th21 DAC TH22 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th22 DAC TT integrated travel time from acoustic delta-t FIXED ms ttDAC XGN x-y multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trxgn01 DAC XYGN x-y axis multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim txygn01 DAC XYST x-y axis multiplex waveform start time FIXED us txyst01 DAC XYWV x-y axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim txywv01 DAC XYWV x-y axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim txywv10 DAC XYWV x-y axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim txywv11 DAC YXGN y-x multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tyxgn01 DAC YXST x-y axis multiplex waveform start times FIXED us tyxst01DAC YXWV y-x axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim tyxwv01 DAC YXWV y-x axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim tyxwv10 DAC YXWV y-x axis dipole multiplex waveform FIXED dim tyxwv11 DAL AM11 amplitude for 5 foot spacing FIXED dim amp11 DAL AM12 amplitude T1R2 FIXED dim amp12 DAL AM21 amplitude T2R1 FIXED dim amp21 DAL AM22 amplitude T2R2 FIXED dim amp22 DAL ATT1 Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft att1 DAL ATT2 Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft att2 DAL ATTN Uncompensated cbl attenuation curve for DAC/MAC/DAL ATTENUATION db/ft attn DAL CGN3 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn04 DAL CGN3 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn21 DAL CGN5 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn03 DAL CGN5 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn11 DAL CST3 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst04 DAL CST3 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst21 DAL CST5 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst03 DAL CST5 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst11 DAL CTT3 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt04 DAL CTT3 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt21 DAL CTT5 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt03 DAL CTT5 monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt11 DAL CWV3 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv04 DAL CWV3 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv21 DAL CWV5 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv03 DAL CWV5 acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv11DAL DT interval transit time over 24 inch interval ACOU-SLOW us/ft dt24 DAL DTC compressional wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtc DAL DTCR compressional wave slowness from receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtcr DAL DTCT compressional wave slowness from transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtct DAL DTDL interval transit time over 24 inch interval from long space ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtdl DAL DTDS interval transit time over 24 inch interval from short space ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtds DAL DTH 6 inch interval transit time ACOU-SLOW us/ft dth DAL DTMN minimal delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtmn DAL DTR interval transit time for receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtr DAL DTRS interval transit time for receiver array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtrs DAL DTS shear wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dts DAL DTSD shear wave slowness from dipole pick ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtsd DAL DTST stonley wave slowness ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtst DAL DTT interval transit time for transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtt DAL DTTS interval transit time for transmitter array ACOU-SLOW us/ft dtts DAL F formation factor FIXED dim fDAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn05 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn07 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn10 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn11 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn01 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn05 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn06 DAL HGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn07 DAL HGN6 monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tngn06 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst05DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst07 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst10 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst11 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst01 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst05 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst06 DAL HST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst07 DAL HST6 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tnst06 DAL HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tfts10 DAL HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tfts11 DAL HTS monopole multiplex transmitter number FIXED raw tqts11 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt05 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt07 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt01 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt05 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt06 DAL HTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt07 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv06 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv10 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tfwv11 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv05 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv06 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv07 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv10 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tnwv11 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim tqwv11DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv01 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv05 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv06 DAL HWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv07 DAL MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn06 DAL MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn10 DAL MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tfgn11 DAL MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim tqgn11 DAL MGN monopole multiplex waveform gain FIXED dim trmgn02 DAL MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst10 DAL MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst11 DAL MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tqst11 DAL MST monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us trmst02 DAL MST6 monopole multiplex waveform start time FIXED us tfst06 DAL MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt06 DAL MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt10 DAL MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms tntt11 DAL MTT monopole multiplex first arrival time FIXED ms trmtt02 DAL MWV acoustic multiplex waveform FIXED dim trmwv02 DAL NREJ number of rejected 6 inch delta?t FIXED dim nrej DAL NSRJ number of rejected 6 inch delta?t FIXED dim nrejs DAL PORA acoustic porosity FIXED pu pora DAL RWAA apparent formation water resistivity, f from acoustic FIXED ohm.m rwaa DAL S011 surface pick first arrival time, T1R1 FIXED us sfa11 DAL S012 surface pick first arrival time, T1R2 FIXED us sfa12 DAL S013 surface pick first arrival time, T1R3 FIXED us sfa13DAL S014 surface pick first arrival time, T1R4 FIXED us sfa14 DAL S021 surface pick first arrival time, T2R1 FIXED us sfa21 DAL S022 surface pick first arrival time, T2R2 FIXED us sfa22 DAL S023 surface pick first arrival time, T2R3 FIXED us sfa23 DAL S024 surface pick first arrival time, T2R4 FIXED us sfa24 DAL S321 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa321 DAL S322 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa322 DAL S323 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa323 DAL S324 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa324 DAL S325 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa325 DAL S326 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa326 DAL S327 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa327 DAL S328 surface pick first arrival time FIXED us sfa328 DAL SDDT standard deviation of 6 inch delta-t ACOU-SLOW us/ft sddt DAL ST11 waveform start time FIXED us st11 DAL ST12 waveform start time FIXED us st12 DAL ST21 waveform start time FIXED us st21 DAL ST22 waveform start time FIXED us st22 DAL TAU1 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau100 DAL TAU2 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau02 DAL TAU2 channel a/d sampling period FIXED us tau20 DAL TH11 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th11 DAL TH12 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th12 DAL TH21 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th21 DAL TH22 threshold value used for picking surface first arrival FIXED dim th22 DAL TT integrated travel time from acoustic delta-t FIXED ms tt。
测井曲线代码RD、RS—深、浅侧向电阻率RDC、RSC—环境校正后的深、浅侧向电阻率VRD、VRS—垂直校正后的深、浅侧向电阻率DEN—密度DENC—环境校正后的密度VDEN—垂直校正后的密度CNL—补偿中子CNC—环境校正后的补偿中子VCNL—垂直校正后的补偿中子GR—自然伽马GRC—环境校正后的自然伽马VGR—垂直校正后的自然伽马AC—声波VAC—垂直校正后声波PE—有效光电吸收截面指数VPE—垂直校正后的有效光电吸收截面指数SP—自然电位VSP—垂直校正后的自然电位CAL—井径VCAL—垂直校正后井径KTh—无铀伽马GRSL—能谱自然伽马U—铀Th—钍K—钾WCCL—磁性定位TGCN—套管中子TGGR—套管伽马R25—2.5米底部梯度电阻率VR25—环境校正后的2.5米底部梯度电阻率DEV—井斜角AZIM—井斜方位角TEM—井温RM—井筒钻井液电阻率POR2—次生孔隙度POR—孔隙度PORW—含水孔隙度PORF—冲洗带含水孔隙度PORT—总孔隙度PERM—渗透率SW-含水饱和度SXO—冲洗带含水饱和度SH—泥质含量CAL0—井径差值HF—累计烃米数PF—累计孔隙米数DGA—视颗粒密度SAND,LIME,DOLM,OTHR—分别为砂岩,石灰岩,白云岩,硬石膏含量VPO2—垂直校正次生孔隙度VPOR—垂直校正孔隙度VPOW—垂直校正含水孔隙度VPOF—垂直校正冲洗带含水孔隙度VPOT—垂直校正总孔隙度VPEM—垂直校正渗透率VSW-垂直校正含水饱和度VSXO—垂直校正冲洗带含水饱和度VSH—垂直校正泥质含量VCAO—垂直校正井径差值VDGA—垂直校正视颗粒密度VSAN,VLIM,VDOL,VOTH—分别为垂直校正砂岩,石灰岩,白云岩,硬石膏含量岩石力学参数PFD1—破裂压力梯度POFG—上覆压力梯度PORG—地层压力梯度POIS—泊松比TOUR—固有剪切强度UR—单轴抗压强度YMOD—氏模量SMOD—切变模量BMOD—体积弹性模量CB—体积压缩系数BULK—出砂指数MACMAC—偶极子阵列声波XMAC-Ⅱ—穿插偶极子阵列声波DTC1—纵波时差DTS1—横波时差DTST1—斯通利波时差DTSDTC-纵横波速度比TFWV10-单极子全波列波形TXXWV10-XX偶极子波形TXYWV10- XY偶极子波形TYXWV10- YX偶极子波形TYYWV10- YY偶极子波形WDST-计算各向异性开窗时间WEND-计算各向异性关窗时间DTSF-计算的快横波时差DTSS-计算的慢横波时差固井CCL—磁性定位CBL—声幅VDL—声波变密度〔二维〕AC—声波CAL—裸眼井径GR—自然伽马主要测井曲线与其含义一、自然电位测井:测量在地层电化学作用下产生的电位。
主要测井曲线及其含义主要测井曲线及其含义一、自然电位测井:测量在地层电化学作用下产生的电位。
自然电位极性的“正”、“负”以及幅度的大小与泥浆滤液电阻率RMF和地层水电阻率RW的关系一致。
RMF≈RW时,SP几乎是平直的; RMF>RW时SP为负异常;RMF<RW时,SP在渗透层表现为正异常。
自然电位测井SP曲线的应用:①划分渗透性地层。
②判断岩性,进行地层对比。
③估计泥质含量。
④确定地层水电阻率。
⑤判断水淹层。
⑥沉积相研究。
自然电位正异常RMF<RW时,SP出现正异常。
淡水层RW很大(浅部地层)咸水泥浆(相对与地层水电阻率而言)自然电位测井自然电位曲线与自然伽马、微电极曲线具有较好的对应性。
自然电位曲线在水淹层出现基线偏移二、普通视电阻率测井(R4、R2.5)普通视电阻率测井是研究各种介质中的电场分布的一种测井方法。
测量时先给介质通入电流造成人工电场,这个场的分布特点决定于周围介质的电阻率,因此,只要测出各种介质中的电场分布特点就可确定介质的电阻率。
视电阻率曲线的应用:①划分岩性剖面。
②求岩层的真电阻率。
③求岩层孔隙度。
④深度校正。
⑤地层对比。
电极系测井2.5米底部梯度电阻率进套管时有一屏蔽尖,它对应套管鞋深度;若套管下的较深,在测井图上可能无屏蔽尖,这时可用曲线回零时的半幅点向上推一个电极距的长度即可。
底部梯度电极系分层:顶:低点;底:高值。
三、微电极测井(ML)微电极测井是一种微电阻率测井方法。
其纵向分辨能力强,可直观地判断渗透层。
主要应用:①划分岩性剖面。
②确定岩层界面。
③确定含油砂岩的有效厚度。
④确定大井径井段。
⑤确定冲洗带电阻率RXO及泥饼厚度HMC。
微电极确定油层有效厚度微电极测井微电极曲线应能反映出岩性变化,在淡水泥浆、井径规则的条件下,对于砂岩、泥质砂岩、砂质泥岩、泥岩,微电极曲线的幅度及幅度差,应逐渐减小。
四、双感应测井感应测井是利用电磁感应原理测量介质电导率的一种测井方法,感应测井得到一条介质电导率随井深变化的曲线就是感应测井曲线。
感应测井曲线的应用:①划分渗透层。
②确定岩层真电阻率。
③快速、直观地判断油、水层。
油层:RILD>RILM>RFOC水层:RILD< RILM< RFOC纯泥层: RILD、RILM基本重合五、双侧向测井双侧向测井是采用电流屏蔽方法,迫使主电极的电流经聚焦后成水平状电流束垂直于井轴侧向流入地层,使井的分流作用和低阻层对电流的影响减至最小程度,因而减少了井眼和围岩的影响,较真实地反映地层电阻率的变化,并能解决普通电极系测井所不能解决的问题。
双侧向测井资料的应用:①确定地层的真电阻率。
②划分岩性剖面。
③快速、直观地判断油、水层。
六、八侧向测井和微球形聚焦测井.⑴、八侧向是一种浅探测的聚焦测井,电极距较小,纵向分层能力强,主要用来反映井壁附近介质的电阻率变化。
⑵、微球形聚焦测井是一种中等探测深度的微聚焦电法测井,是确定冲洗带电阻率测井中较好的一种方法主要应用:①划分薄层。
②确定RXO。
七、井径测井主要用途:计算固井水泥量;测井解释环境影响校正;提供钻井工程所需数据。
渗透层井径数值略小于钻头直径值。
致密层一般应接近钻头直径值。
泥岩段,一般大于钻头直径值。
八、声波时差测井根据岩石的声学物理特性发展起来的一种测井方法,它测量地层声波速度。
主要用途:①判断气层;②确定岩石孔隙度。
③计算矿物含量含气层,声波时差出现周波跳跃现象,或者测井值变大。
▲在大井眼处(大于0.4米),也会出现声波时差变大或跳跃九、补偿声波测井声波时差曲线数值不得低于岩石的骨架值,不得大于流体时差值。
补偿声波测井声波时差数值应符合地区规律(如孤东地区上馆陶),利用声波时差计算的地层孔隙度值与补偿中子、补偿密度或岩性密度计算的地层孔隙度值基本一致。
渗透层不得出现与地层无关的跳动,如有周波跳跃,测速应降至1200M/H以下重复测量。
十、自然伽马测井自然伽马测井是在井内测量岩层中自然存在的放射性核素衰变过程中放射出来的Γ射线的强度来研究地质问题的一种测井方法。
GR的用途:①判断岩性。
②地层对比。
③估算泥质含量。
大井眼处,自然伽马低值显示十一、补偿中子测井(CNL,Φ%)补偿中子测井是采用双源距比值法的热中子测井,它沿井剖面测量由中子源所造成的热中子通量(即能量为0.025—0.01EV的热中子空间分布密度)。
补偿中子测井直接给出石灰岩孔隙度值曲线。
如果岩石骨架为其它岩性,则为视石灰岩孔隙度。
主要应用:①确定地层孔隙度。
②计算矿物含量③ΦD—ΦN曲线重叠直观确定岩性。
④与补偿密度曲线重叠判断气层。
补偿中子测井致密层测井值应与岩石骨架值相吻合。
十二、补偿密度测井(DEN,G/CM3)利用同位素伽马射线源向地层辐射伽马射线,再用与伽马源相隔一定距离的探测器来测量经地层散射、吸收之后到达探测器的伽马射线强度。
由于被探测器接收到的散射伽马射线强度与地层的岩石体积密度有关,故称为密度测井。
主要应用:①识别岩性。
②确定岩层的孔隙度。
③计算矿物含量。
测井曲线与补偿中子、补偿声波、自然伽马曲线有相关性。
十三、高频等参数感应测井高频感应是一个五线圈系探测系统,每个线圈系由一个发射线圈和两个接收线圈组成。
五个线圈系的长度分别为0.5、0.7、1.0、1.4、2.0M,工作频率分别为14.0、7.0、3.5、1.75、0.875MHZ。
直接测量结果为五条相位差曲线,通过相位差与电阻率之间的对应关系,计算后得到五条电阻率曲线。
主要应用:①划分薄层;②计算地层电阻率、侵入带电阻率及侵入半径;③评价储集层流体饱和类型;④划分油气水界面;⑤评价储集层径向非均质性,进而研究储集层内可动油的分布。
⑥评价储集层的渗流能力较高的纵向分辨率高频感应图中的油/水分界面高频感应与双感应的比较裸眼井测井系列的选择砂泥岩剖面:泥岩、砂岩为主的地层。
碳酸盐岩剖面:灰岩、白云岩为主的地层。
复杂岩性剖面:火成岩、变质岩、砾岩及其它复杂碎屑岩地层。
测井系列选择原则能体现其先进性、有效性及可行性;能有效地划分储层;具有不同径向探测能力,能有效地求解地层真电阻率;能定量计算储层孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度及其它地质参数;能有效地判断油、气、水层;能进行地层对比。
裸眼井测井系列分类侧向和感应的选择方法测井资料质量检查测井曲线的准确性是保证测井解释结果可靠的前提,然而,由于测井环境中各种随机因素的影响,测井曲线的幅度不可避免地受到许多非地层因素的影响,因此,为了保证测井解释与数据处理的精度,要对测井资料进行质量检验。
通过测井资料质量检查过程,保证了测井曲线的质量。
测井曲线深度和幅度偏差的校正利用专门的处理程序,交会图是一种常用的检查测井质量的技术方法。
用中子—密度交会图检查测井曲线质量用中子—密度的GR-Z值图识别岩性,检查测井曲线质量。
测井资料的解释测井资料解释:利用测井资料分析地层的岩性,判断油、气、水层,计算孔隙度、饱和度、渗透率等地质参数,评价油气层的质量等。
定性解释人工定性地判断油气水层一般采用比较分析的方法,是一项地区性、经验性很强的工作。
⑴首先划分渗透层;⑵再对储集层的物性(孔隙性、渗透性等)进行分析;⑶最后分段解释油气水层:在地层水电阻率基本相同的井段内,对地层的岩性、物性、含油性进行比较,然后逐层作出结论。
用SP(GR)曲线异常确定储层位置用微电极曲线确定分层界面分层时环顾左右,考虑各曲线的合理性扣除夹层(泥层和致密层),厚层细分★划分界面:SP、GR、微电极、声波、感应、CNL、DEN半幅点。
R4、 R2.5极值★储层特征: SP幅度异常,GR低值,微电极有幅度差,AC、CNL、DEN 数值符合地区规律,CAL等于或略小于钻头值(平直)油层的电性特征:①电阻率高,在岩性相同的情况下,一般深探测电阻率是邻近水层的3-5倍以上。
岩性越粗,含油饱和度越高,电阻率数值也越高;②自然电位异常幅度略小于邻近水层;③浅探测电阻率小于或等于深探测电阻率数值,即侵入性质为低侵或无侵;④计算的含油饱和度大于50%,好油层可达60-80%。
水层的电性特征:①自然电位异常幅度大,一般大于油层;②深探测电阻率数值低。
砂泥岩剖面水层电阻率一般为2-3欧姆米;③明显高侵。
即浅探测电阻率数值大于深探测电阻率数值;④计算的含油饱和度数值接近0,或小于30%。
定性解释的方法①油层最小电阻率法;②标准水层对比法;③邻井资料对比法;④径向电阻率法。
径向电阻率法--泥浆侵入剖面冲洗带:岩石孔隙受到泥浆滤液的强烈冲洗,原始流体被挤走,孔隙中为泥浆滤液和残余地层水或残余油气。
过渡带:距井壁有一定的距离,泥浆滤液减少,原始流体增加。
未侵入带:未受泥浆侵入的原状地层。
高侵剖面泥浆高侵:RXO>>RT。
用淡水泥浆钻井的水层一般形成典型的高侵剖面,部分具有高矿化度地层水的油气层,也可能形成高侵剖面,但RXO和RT的差别比相应的水层小。
低侵剖面一般是油气层具有典型的低侵剖面( RXO明显低于RT),部分水层(RMF<RW)也可能出现低侵剖面,但RXO和RT的差别比相应的油气层小。
定量解释的基础—阿尔奇公式定量解释基础资料的了解:包括油田的构造特点和油气藏类型、各时代地层的分布规律、各主要含油层系的岩电变化规律;钻井过程中的油气显示、钻井取心、井壁取心、岩屑录井、气测资料、试油试水资料深度校正:在测井解释前,必须进行测井曲线校深,使所有测井曲线有完全一致的对应关系。
环境校正:对井眼、钻井液、围岩等因素造成的偏差进行校正。
地层水电阻率的确定地层水有时也称作原生水或孔隙水,是饱和在多孔地层岩石中未被钻井泥浆污染的水。
地层水电阻率RW是重要的解释参数,因为利用电阻率测井资料计算含水饱和度(或含油饱和度)时,RW是必不可少的。
有以下几种方法得到RW数值:水分析资料自然电位曲线(水层) SSP=KLG(RMF/RT)电阻率--孔隙度资料(水层)F=RT/RW=A/ΦM根据地区统计规律储层参数计算—孔隙度AC计算:Φ=(ΔT-ΔTMA)/(ΔTMF-ΔTMA)/ CPCP为地层压实校正系数,约为(1.68-0.0002*地层深度H)ΔTMA为岩石骨架值,砂岩一般取180ΔTMF为流体声波时差,一般取水的时差值620ΔT为岩石声波时差读数。
DEN计算:Φ=(Ρ-ΡMA)/(ΡF -ΡMA)ΡF为为孔隙流体密度,ΡMA为岩石骨架密度,砂岩一般为2.65,石灰岩为2.71,白云岩为2.87。
Ρ为岩石密度读数。
CNL:直接读出储层参数计算—饱和度根据阿尔奇公式:F=RO/RW=A/ΦMI=RT/RO=B/SWN有SW=(ABRW/ΦMRT)1/N一般取A=0.7,B=1,N=2, M=2.06,得出:储层参数计算—渗透率LGK=D1+1.7LGMD+7.1LGФ其中D1为经验系数,取值范围为7~9.5LGMD=C0+C1ΔGR(C0、C1为经验系数)C0=LGMD0,MD0一般取0.20;C1=-1.75- LGMD0ΔGR=(GR-GRMIN)/(GRMAX-GRMIN)储层参数计算—泥质含量泥质含量VSH:VSH= (2C*SH –1)/(2C-1)C为经验系数(新生界地层C=3.4-4,老地层C=2)。