西安市长安区2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期中试题
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长安一中 2017---2018 学年度第二学期期中考试高一年级 物理试卷(实验班)命题人、审题人:何中华张安利一、选择题(此题共13 小题,每题4 分,共52 分。
此中1 至8 小题为单项选择题,四个选项中只有一个选项正确;9 至13 小题起码有两项正确,所有选对的得4 分,选对但不全的得2 分,有选错或不答的得0 分,请将正确选项填涂在答题卡上)1. 以下物体在运动过程中,知足机械能守恒的是()A. 物体 沿斜面匀速下滑B.人乘电梯匀加快上涨C. 物体 在空中做平抛运动D.跳伞运动员 在空中匀减速着落2. 为了保护航天员的安全 , 飞船上使用了下降伞、反推火箭、缓冲座椅三大举措,在距离地面大概 1 m 时,返回舱的 4 个反推火箭点火工作,返回舱最后安全着陆。
把返回舱从离地1m 开始减速到完整着陆称为 着地过程 。
对于反推火箭的作用,以下说法正确的选项是 ( )A. 减小着地过程中返回舱和航天员的动量变化B. 减小着地过程中返回舱和航天员所受的冲量C. 减小着地过程的作用时间D. 减小着地过程返回舱和航天员所受的均匀冲力3.以下图,用圆滑的粗铁丝做成向来角三角形ABC, 经过A 、B 、C 三点的支点把它腾空固定于水平面上,ABC60 .在 AB及AC两边上分别套有质量均为m 并用轻质细线系着的两铜环 ,细线长度小于 BC 边长 .当用平行于 AC 边且指向 BC 方向的水平力 F 作用于右边小环时 ,两小环都静止 .则此时细线上的拉力大小为( )A. MgB.3FC. FD. 3F 、24.横截面为直角三角形的两个同样斜面紧靠在一同 ,固定在水平面上 ,以下图 .现有三个小球从左侧斜面的极点以不一样的初速度向右平抛,最后落在斜面上 .其落点分别是 a 、b 、c.以下判断正确的选项是( )A. 图中三小球比较 ,落在 a 点的小球飞翔时间最短B.图中三小球比较 ,落在 c 点的小球飞翔时间最短C. 三个小球抵达斜面时, a 球重力做功的刹时功率最大D.图中三小球比较 ,落在 c 点的小球飞翔过程速度变化最快5.以下图 ,水平圆滑长杆上套有一物块Q,越过悬挂于O 点的轻小圆滑圆环的细线一端连结Q,另一端悬挂一物块P.设细线的左侧部分与水平方向的夹角为θ,初始时θ足够小。
陕西省西安市长安区第一中学2017-2018学年高一下学期期中考试地理试题地理注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷(选择题)一、单选题读世界人口出生率和死亡率图,完成下面小题。
1.关于图中信息判读,正确的是( )A. 与发达国家相比,近50年来发展中国家出生率下降更快B. 与发达国家相比,图示时间内发展中国家死亡率始终高C. 图示时间内发达国家自然增长率持续下降D. 图示时间内发展中国家自然增长率持续上升2.2005年之后( )A. 发达国家总人口将趋于减少B. 发达国家的死亡率将进一步下降C. 发展中国家人口老龄化严重D. 发展中国家总人口将继续增长下图显示某国移民人数及其占总人口比例的变化。
读图完成下面小题。
3.下图所示的①、②、③、④四幅图中,符合该国人口增长特点的是( )A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④ 4.该国人口自然增长数量最多的时段为( ) A. 1910-1930年 B. 1930-1950年 C. 1950-1970年 D. 1970-1990年 城市地域功能区地租指数是指城市某功能区单位面积土地租金与该区人口日流动量的比值。
读世界某城市地域功能区地租指数与布局方位雷达图,回答下面小题。
此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号5.该城市商业区地租指数较低的主要原因是()A. 城市中心环境质量较差B. 城市中心金融机构较多C. 城市中心流动人口较多D. 城市中心商品流通量较大6.若图中有高级住宅区分布,则它最可能分布在该城市的()A. 西北方向B. 西南方向C. 东北方向D. 东南方向家住我国东部某三线城市的王女士,准备在当地买一套属于自己的住宅。
长安一中2017~2018学年度第一学期期末考试高一英语试题命题人:陈格锋审题人:周凯俨第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why doesn’t the woman like to have red wine?A.Bec ause she doesn’t like its taste.B.Because she prefers beer.C.Because she is afraid of getting drunk.2. What is the man going to buy?A.Food.B.DrinksC.Flowers.3. What are the two speakers doing?A.Looking for some suitcases.B.Booking tickets for a journey.C.Checking the woman’s baggage.4. Why would the woman rather stay at the hotel?A.It costs less money.B.It saves much labor.C.It feels more comfortable.5. What are the two speakers talking about?A.A painting.B.A country scene.C.A kind of drink.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,共22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
陕西省榆林市绥德中学2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期中试题第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where will the speakers probably go?A. The park.B. The cinema.C. Therestaurant.2. What will the woman do today?A. Meet some volunteers.B. Clean up the park.C. Study athome.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Preparing for the exam.B. Going to a history lecture.C. Getting help from Prof. Martin.4. What does the man mean?A. He’ll play tennis with the woman.B. He is worried about the weather.C. He has little interest in tennis.5. When will the shuttle bus get to the museum?A. At 10: 30.B. At 10: 25.C. At 10: 00. 第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,共22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
长安一中2017—2018学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语试题注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级填写在本试卷相应的位置。
3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
4. 满分150分;考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.15.C. £ 9.18.答案:B1. What does the woman think of the car journey?A. It’s too long.B. It’s very exciting.C. It’s ratherdangerous.2. Why is John late for school?A. He was stuck in traffic.B. He did a good deed.C. He hurt his head.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. A farm.B. Some houses.C. A corn field.4. What does the man say about the movie?A. It’s horrible.B. It’s not good.C. It’s amusing.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Acquaintances.B. Classmates.C. A couple.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
陕西省西安市长安区2017-2018学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why doesn’t the woman like to have red wine?A. Because she doesn't like its taste.B. Because she prefers beer.C. Because she is afraid of getting drunk.2. What is the man going to buy?A. Food.B. DrinksC. Flowers.3. What are the two speakers doing?A. Looking for some suitcases.B. Booking tickets for a journey.C. Checking the woman’s baggage.4. Why would the woman rather stay at the hotel?A. It costs less money.B. It saves much labor.C. It feels more comfortable.5. What are the two speakers talking about?A. A painting.B. A country scene.C. A kind of drink.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,共22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
陕西省西安市长安区第一中学2017-2018学年高一语文下学期期中试题一、现代文阅读(23分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1--3题。
环境问题是个跨学科的问题,要理解人的行为与观念就必须研究社会文化与制度安排。
社会学非常关注人的社会角色差异,并进而关注社会规范、社会制度、社会结构和社会文化的差异。
社会学看到的人不是孤立的、抽象的人,而是嵌入在社会关系网络中的、承担着具体社会角色的现实的人,比如说城里人、乡下人,工人、农民、企业家、干部,富人、穷人,上海人、北京人,等等。
所以,社会学在分析人类行为与环境之间关系的时候,不是简单地分析人类行为的共同性,借用“人类中心主义”之类的概念,而是更加关注人与人之间的行为差异及其社会机制。
人与人之间的行为差异具体表现为社会角色要求的差异,是受特定的社会制度与文化环境所塑造的。
人并非是天生地具有人类中心主义或者生态中心主义倾向,也不是天生地要破坏环境或者保护环境。
人的行为都是后天习得的,都是在具体的社会处境中作出的行为选择,一般具有社会合理性,而不是简单地由个体理性所决定。
在日常生活中,我们可以观察到一些人、一些组织在破坏环境,而且他们也知道是不对的、有害的,但是仍然要继续其行为。
这种现象就不能仅仅从所谓个体理性、价值主张的角度去解释了,需要深入分析不同的人所处的社会情境,以及塑造这种情景的社会动力。
人类社会与环境关系之间的失调所导致的环境问题,在本质上不是一个人的“德性”问题。
社会学的这样一种视点和分析路径,恐怕与哲学不同,它基于前述对于现实的人及其行为的假定。
虽然不能否认人性善、人性恶或者自私、无私等德性与人的实际行为可能有着一定关系,但是社会学更加看重特定的人所处的特定社会情境,个人思想观念上的自觉与正确并不一定直接导致实际行为方式的改变。
在大量的公众环境意识与行为的调查研究中,研究人员发现意识与行为之间总是存在着很严重的脱节现象。
陕西省榆林市绥德中学2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期中试题第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where will the speakers probably go?A. The park.B. The cinema.C. Therestaurant.2. What will the woman do today?A. Meet some volunteers.B. Clean up the park.C. Study athome.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Preparing for the exam.B. Going to a history lecture.C. Getting help from Prof. Martin.4. What does the man mean?A. He’ll play tennis with the woman.B. He is worried about the weather.C. He has little interest in tennis.5. When will the shuttle bus get to the museum?A. At 10: 30.B. At 10: 25.C. At 10: 00. 第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,共22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2017-2018学年高一阶段第二学期第二次教学质量检测数学试卷(理科实验班)时间:100分钟注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共5页。
2.答题前,考生须将自己的班级、姓名、考号、 学号填写在答题纸指定的位置上。
3.选择题的每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,不能答在试卷上。
4.非选择题必须按照题号顺序在答题纸上各题目的答题区域内作答。
在草稿纸、本试题卷上答题无效。
5. 考试结束,考生将答题卡和答题纸交回。
第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 共60分)一选择题(共12小题每题5分共60分)1.已知cos θ•tan θ<0,那么角θ是( )A .第一或第二象限角B .第二或第三象限角C .第三或第四象限角D .第一或第四象限角2.设x ∈R ,平面向量(1,1)x =-a ,(,2)x =b ,若a //b ,则x 的值为 ( )A.2或1-B. 2-或1C. 2D. 233.如果函数3cos(2)y x ϕ=+的图像关于点4,03π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭中心对称,那么||ϕ的最小值为( ) A.6π B.4π C.3π D. 2π 4.已知2sin 23α=,则2cos ()4πα+=( ) A.16 B.13 C.12 D. 235. 若14tan(),tan 33αββ-==,则tan α等于( ) A .3- B .13- C .3 D .13 6.在△ABC 中,M 是BC 的中点,1AM =,点P 在AM 上且满足2AP PM = ,则()PA PB PC ⋅+等于 ( )A .-49 B. -43 C .43 D .497.已知函数()sin(2)()4f x x x R π=+∈,为了得到函数()cos 2g x x =的图像,只需将()y f x =的图像( ) A .向左平移8π个单位 B .向右平移8π个单位 C .向左平移4π个单位 D .向右平移4π个单位 8. 已知:a 与b 均为非零向量,且(2)a b a -⊥ ,(2)b a b -⊥ ,则a 与b 的夹角是( ) A.6π B. 3π C. 23π D. 56π 9.若θ是△ABC 的一个内角,且1sin cos 8θθ=-,则sin cos θθ-的值为( )A.25-10.将函数()sin 2f x x =的图象向右平移02πϕϕ⎛⎫<< ⎪⎝⎭个单位后得到函数()g x 的图象,若对满足()()122f x g x -=的12,x x 有6m in 21π=-x x ,则ϕ等于( ) A.512π B. 3π C. 4π D.6π 11.已知P 是ABC ∆内一点,且→→→→=--025AC AB AP ,则PAB ∆的面积与ABC ∆的面积之比等于( ) A.1:3 B. 2:3 C. 1:5 D.2:512.函数2()sin 2f x x x =+函数()cos(2)23(0)6g x m x m m π=--+>,若任意的⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡∈4,02πx ,都存在⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡∈4,01πx ,使得12()()f x g x =成立,则实数m 的取值范围是( ) A . (]10,B .⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡341,C .⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡232,D .⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡3432, 第II 卷(非选择题,共60分)()π,0sin ,31∈⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=→x x b 二.填空题:共4小题每题5分共20分把答案填在答题纸相应的横线上。
陕西省铜川市2017-2018学年高一英语上学期期中试题本套试题共120分考试时间120分钟第I卷第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
AI Am A PencilChildren's book author Sam Swope took a job teaching writing to third-graders in the New York City. His students were immigrants (移民) or the children of immigrants from 21 countries,speaking 11 languages and having many different beliefs. But there were a few things they had in common:family troubles,money struggles and poetry.Cover Price:﹩59.88Price:﹩19.95You Save:﹩39.93(About 67%)What It Takes To Help Me OutAn editor for US News & World Report,David L. Marcus takes us inside a boarding (寄宿)school for troubled teens. He shows the great stresses that are put on these teens and make them lose their confidence. This should cause us to think hard about troubled teens.Cover Price:﹩35.86Price:﹩15.00You Save:﹩20.86 (About 58%)The Most Scenic Drives in AmericaPublished again and again and translated into several languages beginning in 1997,this travel book includes over 200 brand-new photographs of the wonderful places along 120 selected routes.Cover Price:﹩47.88Price:﹩23.88You Save:﹩24(About 50%)Our Brother's KeeperAuthor Jedwin Smith tells what happened when he met several of his brother's old friends. They make a journey to Vietnam,to visit the place where Jeff,his brother,died. Surprisingly,their Vietnamese guide was the former commander (海军中校)carrying out the attack that killed Jeff. A powerful story of brotherhood,bravery and understanding carried out.Cover Price:﹩59.40Price:﹩10.00You Save:﹩49.40 (About 83%)1. Which of the following books offers the biggest price cut?A. I Am A PencilB. What It Takes To Help Me OutC. The Most Scenic Drives in AmericaD. Our Brother's Keeper2. If you are interested in taking photos,you would probably choose .A. I Am A PencilB. What It Takes To Help Me OutC. The Most Scenic Drives in AmericaD. Our Brother's Keeper3. From the book I Am A Pencil,we can learn that Sam Swope's students .A. are homeless childrenB. have the same beliefsC. are in different gradesD. like writing poetryBIt was New Year’s Eve. Everyone in the city was getting ready for the three-day celebration, including the gardener of the king’s garden.There was a large group of monkeys living in the garden. They always followed the advice of their leader, the monkey king.The gardener wanted to celebrate the New Year’s holiday, just like everybody else, so he decided to hand over his duties to the monkeys.He went to the monkey king and said, "My honorable friend, would you do a little favor for me? New Year is coming. I wish to celebrate it. So I must be away for three days. Here in this lovely garden. There are plenty of fruits and berries and nuts。
长安一中2018—2018学年第二学期期中考试 高一英语试题 注意事项: 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。 2. 答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、班级填写在本试卷相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。 4. 满分150分;考试时间100分钟。 5.请将31-35试题的答案填涂在答题卡71-75相对应的位置上。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A.£19.15 B. £9.15 C. £9.18 答案是B 1. What is the weather like? A. It’s raining. B. It’s cloudy. C. It’s sunny. 2. Who will go to China next month? A. Lucy. B. Alice. C. Richard. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. The man’s sister. B. A film. C. An actor. 4. Where will the speakers meet? A. In Room 340. B. In Room 314. C. In Room 223. 5. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home 第二节 (共15小题;每题1分,满分15分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. Why did the woman go to New York? A. To spend some time with the baby. B. To look after her sister. C. To find a new job. 7. How old was the baby when the woman left New York? A. Two months. B. Five months. C. Seven months. 8. What did the woman like doing most with the baby? A. Holding him. B. Playing with him. C. Feeding him. 听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。 9. Whet are the speakers talking about? A. A way to improve air quality. B. A problem with traffic rules. C. A suggestion for city planning. 10. What does the man suggest? A. Limiting the use of cars. B. Encouraging people to walk. C. Warning drivers of air pollution. 11. What does the woman think about the man’s idea? A. It’s interesting. B. It’s worth trying. C. It’s impractical. 听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。 12. How long will the man probably stay in New Zealand? A. One week. B. Two weeks. C. Three weeks. 13. What advice does the woman give to the man? A. Go to New Zealand after Christmas. B. Book his flight as soon as possible. C. Save more money for his trip. 14. What can we learn about flights to New Zealand at Christmas time? A. They require early booking. B. They can be twice as expensive. C. They are on special offer. 听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。 15. Why did Jane call Mike? A. To ask him to meet her. B. To tell him about Tom. C. To borrow his car. 16. Where will Jane be in about one hour? A. At Mike’s place. B. At the airport. C. At a garage. 17. What can we infer from the conversation? A. Jane has just learned to drive. B. Jane’s car is in bad condition. C. Mike will go to the airport. 听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。 18. What did the speaker ask the students to do the week before? A. Write a short story. B. Prepare for the lesson.
C. Learn more about the writer 19. Why does the speaker ask the questions? A. To check the students’ understanding of the story. B. To draw the students’ attention to reading skills. C. To let the students discuss father-son relationships. 20. What will the students do in 10 minutes? A. Ask more questions. B. Discuss in groups. C. Give their answers. 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,15小题,每题2分,满分30分) 第一节:(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Most children now chat daily either online or through their mobile phones. They are connecting to a huge number of other children all over the world. Some are shy “in real life” but are confident to communicate with others online; others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues, or problems at home. Sometimes the online world, just like the real world, can introduce problems, such as arguments. Going online is great fun, but there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive (冒犯性的) or illegal aims. Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers. To keep children safe your management must cover the family computer. Just as you decide which TV programs are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chat rooms your children visit. Remind your children that online friends are still strangers. Reminding them of the risks will keep them alert (警惕). Computer studies are part of schoolwork now, so it’s likely that your children may know more than you do. We get left behind when it comes to the latest gad-gets and the interactive areas of websites, like chat rooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too. Chatters love to use abbreviations (缩写) such as: atb — all the best, bbfn — bye bye for now, cul8er — see you later, gr8 — great, Idk — I don’t know, imbl — it must be love, kit — keep in touch, paw — parents are watching, lol — laugh out loud, xlnt — excellent! 21. Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A. The Internet is no good for children. B. The chat language is strange to adults. C. Children shouldn’t chat so much online. D. The Internet is a good place for children. 22. In order to keep children safe online, you’d better ______. A. choose suitable websites and chat rooms for them B. teach them to use correct net words C. surf the Internet together with them D. forbid them to use the Internet 23. If you stand beside him when your son is chatting about something secret online, he may use ______. A. bbfn B. lol C. paw D. cul8er B My grandfather grew up in war-torn Europe. When German soldiers occupied his hometown ,the thriving city of Tarow, Poland, he refused to obey them and eventually