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38 中国烟草科学 2007，28（2）：38-40烟草内生青枯病拮抗细菌的筛选和初步鉴定彭细桥1，3，刘红艳2，罗宽3，邓正平1(1.湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司烟科所，湖南郴州 423000；2.湖南省茶叶研究所，长沙 410125；3.湖南农业大学，长沙 410128)摘要：为了获得防治烟草青枯病新途径，从湖南桂阳烟草青枯病重病区采集的健株上，共分离到内生菌株160个。
经对峙培养法测定，32个菌株对烟草青枯菌有拮抗作用，其中H-1、H-9和H-11有强拮抗作用，抑菌圈分别为3.0、3.0、4.5 mm。
根据其形态特征和生理生化性状，初步鉴定内生菌H-1为枯草芽孢杆菌，H-9和H-11为短芽孢杆菌。
关键词：烟草青枯病；拮抗细菌；定殖；鉴定中图分类号：S435.72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-5119（2007）02-0038-03Selection and Preliminary Identification of Tobacco Antagonistic EndophyticBacteria against Ralstonia SolanacearumPENG Xiqiao1,3, LIU Hongyan 2, LUO Kuan3, Deng Zhengping1(1. Tobacco Science Institute, Chengzhou Branch, Hunan Tobacco Company, Chengzhou, Hunan 423000, China; 2. Hunan TeaResearch Institute, Changsha 410125, China; 3. Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)Abstract: One hundred and sixty endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from health tobacco plants in Guiyang county of Hunan province in disease severely infested plots. Thirty two, in particular three endophytic bacteria strains showed relatively strong antagonistic actions against Ralstonia solanacearum. Culturing these three bacteria and Ralstonia solanacearum together, the results showed that three endophytic bacteria H-1, H-9, and H-11 had the best antagonistic effects, and bacteriostasis diameters were 3.0, 3.0, and 4.5 mm, respectively. With regard to morphologic, physiological, and biochemical characterics, strain H-1, H-9, and H-11 were identified. The results showed that H-1 was Bacillus subtilis. H-9 and H-11 were Bacillus brevis. We also identified that they were all endophytic bacteria in tobacco.Keywords:ralstonia solanacearum; endophytic bacteria; colonization; identification烟草青枯病是由青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种以土壤传播为主的毁灭性细菌性病害。
中国烟草科学烟草疫霉生防细菌的筛选及鉴定舒晓玲1，吴毅歆1，周惠萍1，毛自朝2，李顺德3，何月秋1,2*（1.云南农业大学农业生物多样性应用技术国家工程中心，昆明 650201；2.云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院，昆明 650201；3.玉溪市农业局，云南 玉溪 663000）摘 要：为获得防治烟草黑胫病的生防菌株，通过对峙平板法，从烟田土壤中分离出1株对烟草疫霉具有很好抑菌作用细菌B40-3。
培养3 d 后，该菌株对烟草疫霉抑菌带宽度为0.9 cm ，抑菌圈半径为2.3 cm ，并对其余12种植物病原真菌有很好抑制作用。
该菌株在LB 液体培养基中，在210 rpm 、37℃条件下培养40 h ，OD 值达到最大值。
依传统生理生化反应鉴定，B40-3属于枯草芽孢杆菌。
关键词：烟草疫霉；生防细菌；筛选；鉴定；烟草 中图分类号：Screening and Identification of a Bacterium Antagonistic to Phytophthora parasiticavar. nicotianaeSHU Xiaoling 1, WU Yixin 1, ZHOU Huiping 1, MAO Zichao 2, LI Shunde 3, HE Yueqiu 1,2*(1.National Engineering Center of Biodiversity Applied Technologies, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;3. Yuxi Agricultural Bureau, Yuxi, Yunan 663000, China) Abstract: A biocontrol bacterial strain B40-3 antagonistic to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae , a pathogen of tobacco black shrank, was isolated from tobacco-growing field by dual culture. The isolate had 0.9 cm fungistasis band and 2.3 cm inhibitory radius when it co-cultured with the pathogen for 3 days. B40-3 could inhibit other 13 fungal pathogens as well. In LB broth medium, its OD600 value reached to the maximum at 37 , 210℃ rpm for 40 hours. B40-3 was identified as Bacillus subtilis by the traditional spore staining and physiological and biochemical reactions.Keywords: Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae ; biocontrol bacterium; screening; identification; tobacco烟草黑胫病是由烟草疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica var ．nicotianae ）引起的，是烟草生产中一类毁灭性真菌病害[1]。
广东韶关烟区烟草镰刀菌根腐病病原鉴定及致病性分析作者：沈会芳邓海滨杨祁云张景欣曾涛蒲小明孙大元林壁润来源：《中国烟草科学》2023年第04期摘要：为明确广东韶关烟草镰刀菌根腐病菌种类及致病力，在珠玑、始兴、南雄和乌茎采集根腐病样本，用组织分离法分离病原菌，盆栽接种带菌麦粒测定其致病性，观察菌株形态，基于EF-1α和β-Tub基因序列构建发育树鉴定病原菌。
结果表明，获得45株镰刀菌，通过形态特征和分子技术鉴定为茄病镰刀菌Fusarium solani、共享镰刀菌F. commune、藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi和尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum，分别占比42.22%，26.67%、20.00%和11.11%，对烟草均有致病性，强弱排列为F. commune≈F. fujikuroi＞F. oxysporum＞F. solani。
本研究可为广东韶关地区烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防治提供依据。
关键词：烟草；镰刀菌根腐病；鉴定；致病性中图分类号：S435.72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-5119（2023）04-0049-09Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of Tobacco Fusarium Root Rot Pathogens in Shaoguan， Guangdong ProvinceSHEN Huifang1， DENG Haibin2， YANG Qiyun1， ZHANG Jingxin1， ZENG Tao2，PU Xiaoming1， SUN Dayuan1， LIN Birun1*（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technique for Plant protection， Guangzhou 510640， China; 2. Guangdong Research Institute of Tobacco Sciences， Shaoguan， Guangdong 512026， China）Abstract： To clarity the pathogens of tobacco Fusarium root rot and their pathogenicity，samples showing root rot symptoms from Zhuji， Shixing， Nanxiong and Wujing in Guangdong were collected. Strains were isolated by tissue separation and their pathogenicity to tobacco seedlings was determined by inoculation of wheat grains with fungi in potted tobacco plants. The strains were identified based on morphological characteristics， combined with the phylogenetic analysis method using partial sequences of EF-1α and β-Tub. 45 Fusarium strains were isolated. The results of morphological and molecular biological identification showed that 45 strains belonged to different species， i.e.， Fusarium solani， F. commune， F. fujikuroi and F. oxysporum， and they accounted for 42.22%， 26.67%， 20.00% and 11.11%， respectively. They all had pathogenicity to tobacco，and the order of pathogenicity was F. commune≈F. fujikuroi>F. oxysporum>F. Solani. Identification of pathogens of tobacco Fusarium root rot may help in establishing the appropriate measures to control this disease.Keywords： tobacco; Fusarium root rot; identification; pathogenicity镰刀菌根腐病是严重危害烟草的根茎病害之一，能够造成烟叶大幅減产，甚至绝收。
玉溪雪茄烟发酵霉变病原菌鉴定及生防菌筛选作者：付克剑宋学茹杨芳张立猛崔永和黄智华苏友波来源：《中国烟草科学》2023年第04期摘要：为明确云南玉溪雪茄烟发酵过程中的霉变病原菌，采用组织分离法从霉变烟叶上分离病原菌，并依据柯赫氏法则，结合形态学和ITS基因鉴定病原物种类，以病原菌为指示菌筛选生防菌，经室内发酵验证防霉变效果及对香气成分的影响。
柯赫氏试验结果表明，原分离病菌XJ-a与显症烟叶再分离病菌XJ-b在形态、显微、病状上高度相似，两株病原菌ITS序列与多株Aspergillus flavus菌聚为一支，序列一致性大于99%，综合形态学和分子生物学特征，确定雪茄烟叶发酵霉变病原菌为黄曲霉（A. flavus）。
筛选获得3株抑菌活性较强的生防菌，其中菌株CC-3对黄曲霉的抑制带宽度达9.04 mm，鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。
在发酵中添加CC-3可显著降低烟叶霉变率，在发酵15 d和30 d霉变率分别下降64.44%和52.66%，并且香气物质总量提高28.96%。
本研究确定黄曲霉是玉溪雪茄烟发酵的主要致霉菌，添加生防菌CC-3进行发酵可降低黄曲霉的侵染同时提高香气成分含量。
关键词：雪茄烟霉变病；黄曲霉；蜡样芽孢杆菌；生防菌中图分类号：S435.72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-5119（2023）04-0041-08Identification of Pathogenic Fungi and Screening for Biocontrol Bacteria during Fermentation of Yuxi CigarsFU Kejian1， SONG Xueru2， YANG Fang1， ZHANG Limeng2， CUI Yonghe2，HUANG Zhihua2， SU Youbo1*（1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences， Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 650201， China; 2. Yuxi Branch， Yunnan Tobacco Company， Yuxi， Yunnan 653100， China）Abstract： In order to clarify the pathogenic fungi involved in the fermentation process of Yuxi cigar tobacco， a tissue isolation method was used to isolate the pathogenic fungi from moldy tobacco leaves. The pathogenic species were identified based on the Koch's postulates， combined with morphological and ITS gene identification. The pathogenic fungi were used as indicator fungi to screen for biocontrol bacteria. The anti-mildew effect and the effect of aroma components were verified by indoor fermentation. The Koch's test results showed that the original isolated pathogenic fungus XJ-a and XJ-b re-isolated from symptomatic tobacco leaves were highly similar in morphology， microscopy， and disease symptoms. The ITS sequences of both strains of pathogenic fungi clustered with multiple strains of Aspergillus flavus， with a sequence similarity of more than 99%. Based on the comprehensive morphological and molecular biological characteristics， it was determined that the pathogenic fungus responsible for the mold on cigar tobacco leaves was A. flavus. Three biocontrol bacteria with strong inhibition activities were obtained through the agar diffusion method. Among them， strain CC-3 had an inhibition bandwidth of 9.04 mm against A. flavus. It was identified as B. cereus. Adding CC-3 during fermentation was able to significantly reduce the infection rate of A. flavus， with infection rates decreasing by 64.44% and 52.66% after 15 and 30 days of fermentation， respectively， and the total amount of aroma substances increasing by 28.96%. The results of this study indicated that A. flavus is the main mold fungus responsible for the fermentation of Yuxi cigar tobacco. Adding the biocontrol bacteria CC-3 during fermentation can reduce the infection of A. flavus and increase the aroma component content.Keywords： cigar tobacco mold; Aspergillus flavus; Bacillus cereus; biocontrol bacteria雪茄烟（Cigar）是一种特殊烟草制品，雪茄烟叶经过采摘、调制后进行发酵，通过催化因子作用，原烟叶中的基础物质经一系列生物化学变化，使烟叶内的化学成分更加协调。
河南省烟草赤星病病原鉴定祖艳青;蒋士君;王海涛;孙淑君;张猛【摘要】为明确河南省烟草赤星病病原菌的种类，从河南省不同烟区采集烟草赤星病典型病斑，分离病原菌并且做致病性测定，对确定为病原菌的菌种按国际标准方法进一步做形态和分子鉴定。
结果显示分离到的85株菌株中60株被证明是烟草赤星病病原菌，从形态学上鉴定为三个种，分别是链格孢Alternaria alternata、长柄链格孢Alternaria longipes和鸭梨链格孢Alternaria yaliinifciens。
其中鸭梨链格孢Alternaria yaliinifciens引起烟草赤星病属首次报道。
三个种的代表菌株的5.8S rDNA ITS基因序列间及已报道的链格孢Alternaria alternata，长柄链格孢Alternaria longipes和鸭梨链格孢Alternaria yaliinifciens的5.8S rDNA ITS区均没有较大差异，证明该基因在链格孢小孢子种间较保守，不适合区分这些链格孢种。
%Typical disease spot specimens were collected from different areas and pathogen isolation and pathogenicity tests were carried out to determine tobacco brown spot pathogen species in Henan province. Results showed that 60 out of 85 strains isolated from disease spot were confirmed to be pathogens of tobacco brown spot by Koch's postulation. They were identified as three species of Alternaria by morphology characteristics using standard methods, i.e. Alter naria alternata, Alternaria longipes and Alternaria yaliinifciens. This is the first report of A. yaliinficiens causing tobacco brown spot. The 5.8S rDNA-ITS gene sequences of representative strains of the three species and other strainsof Alternaria alternata, Alternaria longipes and Alternaria yaliinifciens showno clear difference, which proved that the gene is not suitable for distinguishing these small-spore Alternaria species.【期刊名称】《中国烟草学报》【年(卷),期】2013(000)004【总页数】5页(P73-77)【关键词】烟草赤星病;链格孢;5.8S rDNA-ITS区【作者】祖艳青;蒋士君;王海涛;孙淑君;张猛【作者单位】河南农业大学植物保护学院，郑州 450002;河南农业大学植物保护学院，郑州 450002;河南省农业科学院烟草研究所，许昌 461000;河南农业大学植物保护学院，郑州 450002;河南农业大学植物保护学院，郑州 450002【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S432.1烟草赤星病(tobacco brown spot)是烟草生长后期主要的叶部病害，在世界各烟草产区均有发生 [1]。
引用格式：李思军，吴文信，黎 萍，等. 湖南郴州烟区一种新型烟草叶斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定[J]. 湖南农业科学，2023（4）：66-69. DOI:DOI:10.16498/ki.hnnykx.2023.004.013烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）是我国重要的经济作物，也是一种药用植物。
近年来，由于气候环境的变化，加之种植品种单一、烟田连作比例高等因素，烟草病害也愈发严重，且种类多样，除了常规的青枯病、黑胫病、病毒病等普遍发生以外，其他非主要病害也零星发生。
由于诊断困难加大了防治难度，延误了最佳防治时期，因此这些非主要病害极易发展为主要病害。
例如：2019年在湖南发现烟草靶斑病零星发生[1]，而此后该病害在湖南各烟区流行发病，给烟农带来了严重的经济损失。
因此，及时了解烟草发病情况，明确病因及其流行规律是保障烟叶安全生产的重要举措。
2020—2022年，在湖南省各烟区进行病害调查时，发现了一些叶部病害导致烟草严重减产和品质下降，其中在湖南省郴州市桂阳县烟区发现了一种发生较普遍的叶部病害，由于田间现场鉴定困难，因此病因不明确，未能有效识别和防控，造成了较大的损失。
基于此，笔者对该叶部病害进行了病原菌的分离与鉴定，旨在为病害的诊断识别以及科学防治提供依据。
1 材料与方法1.1 病原菌分离与纯化2020至2021年，在湖南省郴州市桂阳县烟区发病严重地块采集烟叶病样，将呈现水渍状、具轮纹或坏死病斑的叶片样本收集后，装入干净的塑封 湖南郴州烟区一种新型烟草叶斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定 李思军1，谭志鹏2，吴文信1，黎 萍3，钟 杰3，肖艳松2（1.湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县公司，湖南郴州 424400；2.湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司，湖南郴州 423000；3.湖南农业大学植物保护学院，湖南长沙 410128）摘 要：烟草叶部病害是烟草生产中的主要病害，严重影响烟叶的产量和品质，易流行造成重大经济损失。
现代农业科技2020年第18期植物保护学摘要从烟草黑胫病病田采集健康烟株的根际土样,采用稀释涂布分离法与对峙培养法筛选得到32株对烟草黑胫病具有拮抗作用的放线菌菌株。
结果表明,编号为F-7的菌株对烟草疫霉菌的抑制作用最强且效果稳定,抑菌率为83.11%;经形态学鉴定、生理生化测定以及16S rDNA 基因序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为波卓链霉菌;通过光学显微镜观察,F-7菌株对烟草疫霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发都具有显著的拮抗作用。
关键词烟草疫霉;生防菌;链霉菌;拮抗作用中图分类号S572文献标识码A 文章编号1007-5739(2020)18-0104-03开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID )Screening and Identification of Biocontrol Bacteria Against Phytophthora nicotianaeHUANG Da-yue(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Academic Science of Xuhuai Area,Huai ′an Jiangsu 223001)Abstract The rhizosphere soil samples of healthy tobacco plants were collected from tobacco black shank field,and 32trains with antagonistic effect on tobacco black shank were screened by dilute spread plate method and plate confrontation method.The results showed that the strain number F-7had the strongest and stable effect on Phytophthora nicotianae ,and the bacteriostatic rate was 83.11%.The strain was identified as Streptomyces bottropensis by morphological identification,physiological and biochemical determination,and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis.Through optical microscope observation,it was found that the F-7strain had a significant antagonistic effect on the growth of Phytophthora nicotianae and the spore germination.Key words Phytophthora nicotianae ;biocontrol bacteria;streptomyces;antagonism烟草疫霉生防菌的筛选及鉴定黄大跃(徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001)近年来,烟草病害越发严重,影响了烟叶的产量与品质[1]。
