英美文化期末作业1

History of the United StatesThe United States is a country occupying part of the North American continent ranging from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean and including outlying areas as well. The first inhabitants of the area now claimed by the United States arrived at least 12,000 years ago, probably by crossing the Bering land bridge into Alaska. Relatively little is known of these early settlers compared to the Europeans who colonized the area after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. Columbus' men were also the first known Old Worlders to land in the territory of the United States when they arrived in Puerto Rico the next year on their second voyage; the first European known to set foot in the continental U.S. was Juan Ponce de León, who arrived in Florida in 1513, though he may have been preceded by John Cabot in 1497.1. Pre-Colonial AmericaMonk's Mound in Cahokia, Illinois, at 100 feet high is the largest man-made earthen mound in North America, was part of a city which had thousands of people around 1050 AD Archeologists believe that the present-day United States was first populated by people migrating from Asia via the Bering land bridge sometime between 50,000 and 11,000 years ago.These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas prior to the arrival of European explorers in the 1400s and who are now called Native Americans.Many cultures thrived in the Americas before Europeans came, including the Puebloans in the southwest and the Adena Culture in the east. Several such societies and communities, over time, intensified this practice of established settlements, and grew to support sizeable and concentrated populations. Agriculture was independently developed in what is now the eastern United States as early as 2500 BC, based on the domestication of indigenous sunflower, squash and goosefoot. Eventually, the Mexican crops of maize and legumes were adapted to the shorter summers of eastern North America and replaced the indigenous crops.2. Early European settlementsOne recorded European exploration of the Americas was by Christopher Columbus in 1492, sailing on behalf of the King and Queen of Spain. He did not reach mainland America until his fourth voyage, almost 20 years after his first voyage. He first landed on Haiti, where the Arawaks, whom he mistook forpeople of the Indians greeted him and his fleet by swimming out to their ships with gifts and food. Columbus, after island-hopping for several months, heard nothing of gold, his main drive for the voyage. However, he realized that a great market of slavery could be made with these populations. By 1550, there were only 500 Arawaks left; about 250,000 Indians on Haiti had died from murder or suicide.After a period of exploration by various European countries, Dutch, Spanish, English, French, Swedish, and Portuguese settlements were established. Columbus was the first European to set foot in U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1493; the oldest remaining European settlements in the U.S. are San Juan, Puerto Rico, founded 1521, and on the mainland, St. Augustine in what is now the state of Florida, founded in 1565.In the 15th century, Spaniards and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. The introduction of the horse had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America. The horse offered revolutionary speed and efficiency, both while hunting and in battle. The horse also became a sort of currency for native tribes and nations. Horses became a pivotal part in solidifying social hierarchy, expanding trade areas with neighboring tribes, and creating a stereotype both to their advantage and against it.3. Colonial America (1493-1776)The Mayflower, which transported Pilgrims to the New World, arrived in 1620. Territorial expansion of the United States, omitting Oregon and other claims.In 1607, the Virginia Company of London established the Jamestown Settlement on the James River, both named after King James IColonial America was defined by ongoing battles between mainly English-speaking colonists and Natives, by a severe labor shortage that gave birth to forms of unfree labor such as slavery and indentured servitude, and by a British policy of benign neglect that permitted the development of an American spirit distinct from that of its European founders.The first truly successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River near the Chesapeake Bay. The Virginia Company of London financed the purchase of three ships to transport settlers to the Virginia colony. The names of the three ships were The Susan Constant, Godspeed and the Discovery. The leader of the group was Captain Christopher Newport. Also on board was John Smith, an explorer, soldier, and writer. King James decided to give the Virginia Company a charter for the settlement. The settlers sought a location which had fresh water, deep water to dock their ships, and was easyto defend. The settlement was named Jamestown after the king. England also wanted to find gold, silver and other riches in North America.As increasing numbers of settlers arrived in Virginia, many conflicts arose between the Native Americans and the colonists. The colonists increasingly appropriated land to farm and grow tobacco. This was the beginning of a general trend towards displacing Native Americans westward to make room for settlers.One example of conflict between Native Americans and English settlers was the 1622 Powhatan uprising in Virginia, in which Indians had killed hundreds of English settlers. The largest conflict between Native Americans and English settlers in the 17th century was King Philip's War in New England.Differences of language, religion and culture also contributed to the friction between the two groups. At the base of the friction was an assumption by the English colonists of racial, cultural and moral superiority.New England was founded by two separate groups of religious dissenters.A second group of colonists called the Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629. The Middle Colonies, consisting of the present-day states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were characterized by a large degree of diversity. The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina, with Georgia Colony the last of the Thirteen Colonies established in 1733.Spain claimed or controlled a large part of what is now the central and western United States as part of New Spain which included Spanish Florida, California and Texas. In 1682, French explorer Sieur de La Salle explored the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and claimed the entire territory as far south as the Gulf of Mexico, which became New France. The Louisiana Territory, under Spanish control since the end of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), remained off-limits to settlement from the 13 American colonies. The colonies of East Florida, West Florida, Grenada, and Quebec, added to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris (1763), were part of British North America open to travel, and during the revolutionay war many Loyalists fled to them.These are historic regions of the United States, meaning regions that were legal entities in the past, or which the average modern American would no longer immediately recognize as a regional description.4. Formation of the United States (1776-1789)During this period the United States won its independence from Great Britain with help from France in the American War of Independence, or the American Revolutionary War as it is called in Great-Britain, and the thirteen former colonies established themselves as the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation.On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress, still meeting in Philadelphia declared the independence of the United States in a remarkable document, the Declaration of Independence, primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson. Although it is said that Morocco was the first country in the World to officialy recognize the newly sovereign United States in 1777 it was the Dutch Governor Johannes de Graaff which fired a 11 gun salute when a US war ship called Andrew Doria flying the flag of the new United States sailed into Gallows Bay of St. Eustatius, part of the Netherlands Antilles, on November 16 1776, and the Netherlands became the first foreign country to recognize the United States. The Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship stands as the U.S.'s oldest non-broken friendship treaty. Signed by John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, it has been in continuous effect since 1783.The Boston Tea Party in 1773, often seen as the event which started the American RevolutionThe United States celebrates its founding date as July 4, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress—representing thirteen British colonies—adopted the Declaration of Independence that rejected British authority in favor of self-determination. The structure of the government was profoundly changed on March 4, 1789, when the states replaced the Articles of Confederation with the United States Constitution. The new government reflected a radical break from the normative governmental structures of the time, favoring representative, elective government with a weak executive, rather than the existing monarchial structures common within the western traditions of the time. The system borrowed heavily from enlightenment age ideas and classical western philosophy, in that a primacy was placed upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances.The colonists' victory at Saratoga led the French into an open alliance with the United States. In 1781, a combined American and French Army, acting with the support of a French fleet, captured a large British army, led by General Cornwallis, at Yorktown, Virginia . The surrender of General Cornwallis ended serious British efforts to find a military solution to their American problem.A series of attempts to organize a movement to outline and press reforms culminated in the Congress calling the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.So this is what I know about the history of the United States.。

英美文化课程论文院系：机电工程学院专业：机械工程年级： 2014级学生姓名：王萍学号： 2014703059American cultural differences impact on the American literary criticism Written by 王萍(英美文化班，学号2014703059)[Abstract]Along with the cultural history of mankind to produce and produce , extensive and profound impact on the life history of human society , and has shown the long historical development of the national culture differences, contributed to the development of the world's cultural diversity . Against this background of diverse social and cultural development , the Anglo-American literary criticism affected by many factors , including factors that affect cultural differences arising from Anglo-American literary criticism on the most extensive and far-reaching.[Key Words] Cultural values; Cultural differences; Literary Review; Language IntroductionThe paper deals with The impact of cultural differences and American Literature. Development of a British and American Literature and American Literature ReviewEnglish and American Literature and American Literature review is accompanied generated ,British and American Literature is art to show the Anglo-American culture , while theAnglo-American literary criticism is to re-examine and analyze the social and cultural life of theAnglo-American and American literature through this means . Contact between the two is close ,and it is inevitable. Thus , cultural differences impact on American Literature review , it isnecessary to make the history of English and American Literature comb .1.Literary developmentAnglo-American literature is the wisdom of the British and American peoples , but alsomanifestations of Anglo-American culture. American Literature is not only reflected theAnglo-American artistic language , but also the reality of life for the people of British andAmerican art show , the people of the world recognize a window of Anglo-American culture .English as a communication tool , in the Anglo-American literature , British and American peopleare used to express thoughts, feelings . Development of British literary history can be described asa long history , English literature has gone through stages of Anglo-Saxon , Renaissance stage ,neo-classical phase, phase romanticism , realism and modernism stage stage . Throughout the stages of development of English literature , we find that , at every stage in their literary achievements have unique literary and artistic charm. Especially after World War II , the British literary background under today's pluralistic society , is moving in the direction of diversification continue to move forward .The United States is a nation of immigrants , and American literature is also affected by foreign cultures. American literature English literature deeply affected , beginning just blindly imitate English literature . This phenomenon until the 19th century before they get changed, moving away from American literature English literature , toward independence. Early 20th century, American literature to reach prosperity , and to keep pace with English literature , a truly independent nation of their own literature . After World War II , with the development of a pluralistic society , and between the old and the new American literature in the course of fierce struggle , constantly pushing the American literary trend toward diversification .2.Literary ReviewAnglo-American Literary Review is a study of the use of literary theory to practice English and American literature through studies reveal the existence and development of the law of the special things in English and American literature , and in order to provide the basis for theAnglo-American literature . Anglo-American literary criticism is targeted at English literature , English and American literary criticism in the form of literary works based on their different forms into fiction, poetry reviews , essays, reviews , theater reviews and so on.Cultural differences affect the development of the Anglo-American literary criticismThe development of an important carrier of national culture is language , and as a carrier of cultural development language is one of the important national cultural performance . Thus , the development of national culture differences, certainly manifested in this important medium language. In the Anglo-American literature, language used in its creation , is the author of more than think twice refined , condensed , cultural differences influence the Anglo-American literary criticism , largely in British and American differences in the two languages English and American Literature comments impact. Thus , from this point of view to cut language differences , to see theimpact of cultural differences on the Anglo-American literary criticism , more representative and typical.British cultural history in the development of a long history, with good development of traditional national culture . Meanwhile, English as a language of its cultural and historical development of authentic , a unique advantage because it inherits its traditional cultural heritage , has a good performance in the use of sex in literature . Thus , the British literary critic comments on the use of language becomes more formal, the lack of freedom and assertive personality traits on a literature review .America's democratic revolution more successful in the economic, political and cultural aspects have not left any big historical issues and burdens , which reflected the level of some of the language used , is a literary critic of American literature in commenting , more indulgent, no scruples and even traces of the kind of careful , especially when embodied in a number of literary and artistic creativity literature review language use. American literary critic and innovative use of language , and the United States of freedom, democracy , the flamboyant culture of innovation , and "everything is possible " in the spirit of American culture are inseparable .Language is an important carrier of cultural development , cultural development is also an important performance by analyzing literary critic in the British and American literature to comment on the use of language when different performance, we can see that deep-seated cultural differences on the Anglo-American literary criticism significant impact .Impact of cultural differences on the Anglo-American literary criticism British literary critic , is struggling to break free in the cultural heritage and traditional culture between the two. "Hamlet" is Shakespeare 's outstanding masterpiece , Hamlet hero struggling in revenge , " survive or perish ," this is a good demonstration of his indecisive character. The British literary criticism in this period seems to have such a character . 17-18 century English literary criticism from the obvious religious overtones to create absurd way , reflects the British tradition of literary criticism and struggle with breaking the traditional tangle between this period. Since the 20th century, the British literary criticism has undergone enormous changes , the British literary critic for the previous re -examine the theory and thinking , this time the works of English literature review also resulted in a significant change. Overall, the British literary critics , does not appear an influential literary critic , he has influence in the literary critics are also important .British Literary Review 's development direction is toward post-modernism , post-colonialism and feminism direction , which is the development trend of the British literary criticism . Literary criticism to the achievements of previous literary theory longitudinal and transverse re-examine and thinking, construct a new , suitable for today's society of literary theory .Anglo-American countries, women have a strong independent personality , and by three from the four virtues of Chinese women and thus have a stronger impact Obedient heart. Debate on gender issues have not stopped since ancient times . Women have been fighting for equality with men Personality status . The British women to pursue separate and equal station to be earlier than the Chinese women. "Jane Eyre" Jane Eyre is a heroine Pursuit of equality and self- image of women 's knowledge , but through this well-educated woman of humble social status of thinking and anti-Jane tortuous struggle and rich emotional experience, we can appreciate a woman must have an independent personality , self-esteem , not dependent on other people can win the respect and love of others , will have true happiness. The artistic image of Jane Eyre as To be able to shock and infection generations of readers States , it is her self-love and self-esteem as a pillar of life, which makes its ownCharisma can be fully demonstrated .Turning to American literature review , we can not neglect the study of American literature , because since there literature , have a literature review . The United States as a colony , its literature by the Continental literature, especially the impact of English literature and Indian literature. But after all American literature is an independent entity. Of course , as opposed to the American literary criticism is the case.The impact of differences in culture and history of Anglo-American Literary ReviewFor English literature , cultural and historical origins in the development of its cultural and historical traditions is humanism, while Britain's humanism is relative to asceticism and theocratic doctrine purposes . In English literature review, the humanistic point of view for comparing conservative , which is associated with the United Kingdom in the cultural history of the bourgeois revolution is not complete , compromising are inseparable.To get a perfect society , the rapid development of the revolutionary impetus must use only through revolution will provide the impetus for the whole community to support the catalyst on the qualitative development. Thus , with respect to the conservative outlook of humanism , socialinnovation is one of the important conditions for the improvement and development , of course , do not need to improve and develop social conservative concept of humanism . Conservative concept of humanism will really only effective in the necessary time and social development, it is one of the necessary conditions for social improvement and development .American literary criticism for the humanistic point of view , seemed radical at the same time, a special and original . This is largely because the United States did not like the British culture with a heavy historical burden , there is no great cultural and historical legacy. Plus, the American struggle for independence freedom , democracy, freedom of culture formed , the United States in the development of literary criticism can move forward with ease . Thus , the literature review in the United States , distinguished author and literary critic for the humanistic point of view, have adopted a more aggressive attitude , even in many cases also exhibit innovative concept unique style of humanism .We can get a glimpse of the man from the point of view of the doctrine of American literary critic comments on Mark Twain's " Huckleberry Finn Adventures " in . Later many literary critics from the United States agreed to interpret the history of " Huckleberry Finn Adventures " that he truly describes the history of the United States in the article . There are many literary critics have argued that Mark Twain at the end of the article section lets black gained their freedom , avoiding the reality of slavery in the United States , with a social ideology deceptive ; There are many literary critics have argued that black Nuji Mu although often a free man, but in essence, he is an interesting Huck and Tom plaything; but more literary critics believe that Mark Twain is described by a seemingly racist satire to expose the problem of racial discrimination in the United States, from which we can see that the United States has the freedom of literary criticism, democratic, radical and unique creative features.ConclusionAmong the many factors affecting the Anglo-American literary criticism , and cultural factors are more important factors. By the British and American cultural differences in the development of the carrier , cultural differences , and differences in cultural and historical comparative analysis can be found , the two literary critic differences in many different manifestations of literary criticism , and then concludes : Anglo-American cultural differences in Anglo-American literary criticism which plays an important or even dominant influence .Reference1. Kagan,Donald,Steven Ozment,The western Heritage,V olume,New York:Macmillan Publish Company,1991.2. Kissinger,Henry,Diplomacy,New York:Simon & Schuster Paerbacks,1994.3. John Gribbin,Science:A History [M].London:Penuin press,20024.卢晓江. 《自然科学史十二讲》，北京：中国轻工业出版社，2006，8.。

American MusicThe music of the U.S. reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock’n roll, rhythm, country, blues, jazz, and hip hop are among the country’s most internationally-renowned genres. The U.S. has the world’s largest music industry and also its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some types of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the U.S. and played its first music. Begining in the 17th century, immigrants from the British, Spain, Isles, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves also brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace back to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European and indigenous music. The U.S. has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of the Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Irish, Scottish and Jewish communities, among others. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, support a lot of regional musical styles. Aiong with musical centers such as Detroit, Chicago, New Y ork, Nashville and Los Angeles, many smaller cities have produced distinctive styles of music. The Creole and Cajun traditions in Louisiana music, the bluegrass and old time music of the Southeastern states and the folk and popular styles of Hawaiian music are a few examples of diversity in American music.Folk musicFolk music in the U.S. is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups. The native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual in nature. The native Americans played the first folk music in what is now the U.S., using a wide variety of techniques and styles. Some commonalities are near universal among native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of polyphony and harmony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Tradional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like rattles, drums, and shakers. Since African and European contact was established, native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music. Modern native American music may be best known for pan-tribal gatherings, powwow gatherings at which traditionally styled music and dances are performed.Blues and SpiritualsSpirituals were primarily expressions of religius faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spirituals spread out of the United States South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to the Jubilee Singers, a pioneering griup that popularized spirituals across the country. In imitation of this group, gospel quartets arose, followed by increasing diversification with the early 20th century rise of jackleg and singing preachers.Blues is a combination of African field hollers, work songs and shouts. It developed in the rural south in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important features of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flatted or indeterminate third, as well as the typically lamenting lyrics;through these elements had existed in African American folk music prior to the 20th century, the codified form of modern blues did not exist until the early 20th century.Classical musicThe European classical music tradition was brought to the U.S. with some of the first colonists.European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, concert and ecclesiastical music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what was known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers tried to work entirely within European models until late in 19th century. When Antonin Dvooak, a prominent Czech composer, visited the U.S. from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers. He also helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style. By the beginning of 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from blues and jazz to native American music.Popular musicThe U.S. has produced many popular composers and musicians in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music. American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music, which out of “all the contributions made by Americans to world culture...has been taken to center by the whole world”. Most histories of popular music start with American Tin Pan Alley or ragtime. Other, however, trace popular music back to the European Renaissance and through ballads and other popular tradions. Other authors typically look at popular sheet music, tracing U.S. popular music to minstrel, spirituals shows and vaudeville, or the patriotic songs of the Civil War.JazzJazz is a tpye of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, improvisation and polyrhythms. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African musical and classical expression, and in African music traditions including ragtime and blues, as well as European military band music. Early jazz was closely related to ragtime, with which it could be distinguished by the use of more intricate rhythmic improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted many vocabularies of the blues,including bent and blue notes, instrumental “growls” and smears otherwise not used on European instruments. Jazz’ro ots come from the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,populated by black Creoles and Cajuns, who combined the French-Canadian culture of the Cajuns with their own styles of music in the 19th century. Large Creole bands that played for funerals and parades became a major basis for early jazz, which spread from Chicago to New Orleans and other northern urban centers.Country musicCountry music is a combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern U.S. and the Appalachian Mountians. It has roots in traditional folk music, blues, gospel music, Celtic music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the early term hillbilly music was deeded to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while western and country have declined in use since that time, except in the U.K., where it is still commonly used.While album sales of most musical genres have declined, country music expericed one of its best years in 2006, when, during the first six months of the year, United States sales of country albums increased by 17.7% to 36 million. Furthermore, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults every week.The term “country music” is used to describe many genres, styles, or subgenres and so on.。

南昌大学2014～2015学年第一学期期末考试试卷（概况）姓名：学号：学院：Choose to answer two of the following questions in English based on what you have learned from the course with about 150 words for each question.（Back side can be used）1. How did Britain fall from the Sun rising country to a second developed country in the world?(E.g. when, why, how, who… )2. My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.3. Compare briefly the impacts of the World War 1 and World War 2 on the UK and the USA.说明：选择三个中的两题，英文作答，可以正反面纸张写，页面四边留出1.5厘米左右空隙。

1.请用A4 大小的纸张，以免试卷丢失。

2. 不能抄袭他人的，雷同卷会给零分。

3. 所选做的题目要抄题号和题目再作答。

4. 需要英文手抄的，不要打印。

以上中文要求不要抄在卷子上。

2 My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.The melting pot is a metaphor used to describe the fusion of different nationlities,ethnicities and cultures,which was equated with Americanization. Maybe it was the idealized process of immigration and colonization.The United States population is a “melting pot”for it is made up of people from many ethnic and cultural backgrounds.However melting pot means in a way immigrants from around the world in the United States no longer has its own traditions and cultural identity, they are mixed up to one kind culture-- American culture,which like different metals smelting together to form a new composite metal. It seems that melting pot is a little bit out of fashion . Throughout the United States different immigrant cultures remain everywhere, many have retained their original traditions and even not fit into mainstream American society and culture.There is no typical American. Originating from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds, Americans come in all shapes, sizes, colors, and ages. They practise a rainbow of religions and have a variety of political beliefs.The populations are growing more diverse all the time. This broad mix of races and heritages makes a wonderful blend of energy, talent, and creativity. For good reason, the country's motto is E pluribus unum: From many to one.now SALAD BOWL is generally used to describe American culture.In the salad bowl model,various American cultures are juxtaposed,just like salad ingredients.Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one "pot", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural mosaic.This idea proposes a society of many individual cultures in addition to the mixed culture that is modern American culture ,and the term has become more politically correct than melting pot英国曾经是叱咤风云的大国，是第一个工业化国家，引领了世界工业革命的浪潮，其辉煌达两个世纪之久。

I love this landAi QingIf I were a bird,I should also hoarse throat singing:This land buffeted by storms,It is always filled with our grief and indignation of the river,The ceaseless blows violently angry wind,And then from the soft dawn......-- then I die,Even the feathers rotted in the land.Why there are tears in my eyes?Because I love the land so much......November 17, 1938"I love this land" is representative of Ai Qing's famous modern poet in Chinese. The poem was written in 1938, wuhan. At that time the Japanese invasion of China, the Chinese nation is in serious national crisis, there is danger of ruin the state and destroy the race. People into great pain, suffering. A person with breadth of vision in order to protect our homes and defend our country against the territorial, cry. Poet Ai Qing is one of the many patriotic intellectuals.The poem is divided into two sections. The first section is fromthe virtual office to open up a fresh outlook, proposed is a bird, then speak their lyrical object ", born, bred, will never change until death". Expression of the poet to the land of deep, persistent love. And as the extraordinary breadth of a Chinese play with.The second section is from the reality is, quite true, once again strongly and deeply to express the love of the country, all the real and vigor of the emotions are hidden in the "tears", from the bottom of my heart, pneumatic. The deep meaning of endless ellipsis to once again raise the whole poem value, touching!At the beginning of the poet himself as a bird, with ancient Chinese lyric imagery such as "cuckoo", "Partridge" completely different. The song of the birds clear and melodious, but with "a poet," to describe. A man of love, who can be ruthless. The birds to their homes can cry to hoarseness, besides people? "The rise and fall of the country, expect everyone to do his duty", the poet to outline a simple pure bird image by affection brushwork.Next, write four birds singing objects. "This land buffeted by storms" symbolizes the Japanese invaders to be ravaged the land of China, the Japanese invaders have captured the North China, East China, large tracts of land, Southern China everywhere, to the Chinese people were brutal oppression and slavery, to destroy China against Japan. The performance of the poet hatred for the aggressors;"it is always filled with our indignation River" a symbol of the Chinese people's patriotism and determination to fight to the bitter end with the enemy and the enemy atrocities discontent and resentment; "that ceaseless blows up wind" also symbolizes the anger; "and that from the soft dawn" symbolizes the confidence of Chinese people Anti-Japanese War victory and to achieve national independence, the liberation of the people yearning. After the birds died, the death of love for this land is not dead, but even into the soil, it should always watch living I to raise me home.The end of the first quarter the whole poem emotional climax, the poet subtly from "virtual" written back to the "real", make the strong feelings get the regression, the flavor of the artistic effect. "Dared not country", each of which is a Chinese common quality. Because the heart is always a hot patriotic fire, so to make smooth reading poetry to tail and sublimation of the whole poem theme. The imprint is engraved on my heart. Love, not only from the poet's heart, is more concentrated national patriotism. Expressing the common aspiration of the sons and daughters of the era!The whole poem in thick brush strokes, musical sketches of that era's tenacious love of country. Expression of the "sad poet" simple, sincere and strong mind utter innocence, patriotism!Li Dawei2013, 6, 20。

美国人和英国人期末作业美国人和英国人的期末作业形式多种多样，强度也不低，阅读量很大，很多作业并没有标准答案，老师只出题目，其余的事都要靠学生自己去发挥，比如写报告，做项目，演讲等。

有时候需要几个同学一起共同研究，携手合作。

1.英语作业：老师除了要留一些生词记忆作业外，很多是要求读课本、小说，甚至看电影。

要求学生写读书摘要、书评。

有时候还让学生写一篇诗歌，编童话，看名著改编的电影等。

2.历史作业：通常老师会让学生读相关题材的小说，看历史纪录片。

比如，老师讲完“偷袭珍珠港”这段历史后，老师会安排学生看纪实片“珍珠港”，从多角度加深学生们对这段历史的认识和理解。

而国内的历史课，只需要一盏灯，一本书，背到深夜12点，考试就会过关。

而在美国高中历史课就复杂多了，除了读书外，学生还要去图书馆查阅相关资料，上网下载相关图片，看纪录片谈感受，没有捷径可走，历史年代和史实固然要记住，但不动脑子不动手是很难完成作业的。

3.数学作业：数学作业并不多，很多美国高中数学老师认为：对一个数学概念理解掌握就可以了，习题做多了，不一定是好事。

所以美国高中的数学作业有时可能是写论文，有时候是让学生自己出数学题。

4.艺术课：比如美术课，老师会让学生们用现实主义画法来画同学或是用印象主义画派画你最喜欢的美国风景，有画大瀑布的，有画金门大桥的，有画科罗拉多大峡谷的等等。

最后老师会把同学们的作品张贴在教室的墙壁上，顿时教室就变成美国风景画的展览厅。

比如戏剧课，则会要求同学们排练演出一场戏剧。

很多美国人和英国人的老师通常会要求学生在某日的几点几分前，通过电子邮件的方式提交作业，否则就会按照没有完成作业处理。

这种“网上提交作业”有三个好处：一是更加便捷，没有了收发作业的麻烦；二是老师和学生都可以看到每个人交作业的先后顺序；三是便于老师和学生在网上互动。

学生在网上提出问题，老师会及时答疑，同时，老师会将一个学生提出的问题和解答迅速传给其他同学参考。

英美文化课后答案1Lecture 1 GeographyTell whether each of the following statement is true or false.1-10: TTTFF/FTFTT11-20: FTFFF/TFFFTFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. the North Sea, the English Channel2. Great Britain, Ireland3. the highland zone, the lowland zone4. the Republic of Ireland5. London6. Buckingham Palace7. the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh9. the British Isles 10. Scotch whiskey 11. fourth 12. Canada, Mexico 13. Pacific Ocean 14. the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains 15. cold, mild 16. Christopher Columbus, George Washington 17. Wall Street 18. San Francisco 19. the Oscars 20. Walk of Fame 21. English Channel 22. North Sea, Atlantic Ocean 23. cooler, rainfall, sunlight 24. Highlands 25. 11.8 26. 58.4, 239 27. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 28. English, Gaelic, Welsh 29. established 30. free, Baptist, the United Reformed Church, Methodists, Quaker 31. Reformation 32. Christians 33. Sabbath 34. metric, monetary 35. Canada; Mexico; Russia 36. 1783 37. Russia; Canada; China 38. north-central; four 39. tropical; volcanic islands 40. “Father of Waters”; “Old Man River”, the Rockies; the Gulf of Mexico 41. the Mississippi River; the Columbia River 42. the Great Lakes, lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Canada 43. the west, the USA, Mexico, Canada 44. hurricanesChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stted in the text.1-10: BDBDC/ADCAA 11-20: ABDBA/CCBAB 21-30: ABDDA/BCCDA 31-40: CADAA/BCBABExplain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the U.K. mainly consists of these two islands.2.LondonLondon is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburg h is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside severalother arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the U.S.6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.7. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is that part of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It consists of Scotland, Wales and England, and also the Northern part of Ireland. The full title of the United Kingdom is therefore “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.8. The highland zoneThe highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. And the highest elevations in the Britain Isles are in the highland zone. The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9. The lowland zoneThe lowland zone in the south and east of Britain consists mostly of rolling plains with a gentle, undulating surface and extensive areas of almost-level ground. It receives less rain and more sunshine than the highland zone and much of the soil in the zone is fertile. Most of Britain’s population lives densely packed into the lowland zone, which covers most of England. The metropolis of London and most of Britain’s large cities are located in the lowland zone.10. The Pennine ChainThe Pennine Chain is the backbone of England. It is a massive upland area extending 260km north to south, starting at the Cheviot Hills on England’s border with Scotland and ending in the Midlands of central England. It is made up of several broad, rolling, windswept moorlandsseparated by deep river valleys. Many of England’s major industrial areas lie on the flanks of the Pennie Chain, where there are many coalfields.11. ThamesThe Thames is the second longest river in Britain. It is 338km long, and flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.12. The Church of EnglandIt is the established church of the English nation, with the king or queen as the head of the Church and being crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury in Westminster.13. Free ChurchesThey are Protestant churches outside the Church of England, including Baptists, the United Reformed Church, Quakers and Methodists. They suffered religious and political persecution in the 17th century, and were excluded from many offices and places, until the early 19th century. They were once called “dissenters” and “non-conformists”, now they are called members of Free Churches.14. EasterIt is a Christian festival, kept on the first Sunday after the first full moon of the vernal equinox, commemorating Christ’s resurrection. Parents usually color hard-boiled eggs before Easter. Late Saturday night or early Sunday morning the eggs are hidden, and the children have an Easter egg. Little children believe the Easter rabbit comes and leaves the eggs for them.15. Westminster AbbeyIt is an ancient church where kings and queens are crowned and where, particularly in Poets’Corner, many famous men and women are buried.16. ReformationIt began as a political movement as much as a religious one: when the Pope would not let Henry VIII divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and dissolved the monasteries. Protestantism, of a Calvinist type, was introduced under Edward VI, Mary I brought a catholic reaction, but with Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate protestant basis.。

My Plan for Learning English Literature10英语(3)班B 李国志61As elementary students, I think English literature is a topic that can be interesting and easy to learn if we studies attentively. For this, I will make up a plan to learn English literature well. Of course, we need to study hard in class. Besides that, I will begin studying English literature by learning about the different periods of English Literature chronologically and write a book report as soon as possible.On the one hand, I will study each specific area of English Literature. Each era has specific pieces that influence writers. Social events and cultural events inspired authors to write essays, criticism and poems. English Literature from the Middle Ages is written in Anglo-Saxon or Old English and often appears as poetry. During the Restoration and 18th century, writing focused on city life, new scientific ideas and embraced the British Empire.On the other hand, I will write a book report on work of fiction. I will choose a book that personally interests me and read it. After finish reading it, I will write a review of the book expressing my personal opinions, and my understanding of the setting, the time period, the central characters and the plot. I think writing book reports on fiction works can help me develop my reading comprehension.From what has been discussed above, I believe I can make a clear understanding of English literature. This is my brief plan and I will put it into practice.。

英美报刊选读期末作业英美报刊文章选读期末作业1. Three of the following six leads contain no style errors. Circle the correct sentences. Fix the following leads containing style errors. Correct sentences: b d ea.PHILADELPHIA(AP) --- Contac and two other popular over-the-counter medicines were withdraw from the market on Friday after rat poison was found in eight capsules that had been tampered with, the drug manufacturer said.c. WASHINGTON(AP) --- President Reagan told leaders of Nicaragua?s rebel movement today “ we?re in this together” , and vowed that “we will never give up” until he can reverse a House vote denying 100 million dollars in military and other aid to the insurgents.f. A bearded gunman believed to be in his 30?s robbed the Telco Federal Credit Union(1215 E Ashland Ave), of more than $15,000 on Tuesday and escaped in rush-hour traffic.2. Write a summary lead based on the following information, which is from a story in the Chicago Tribune:Chicago Tribune---A house in Mt. Prospect caught a fire at 4:40 a.m. on Saturday, which caused the death of Lilian Kozy, an 88 years old woman who lived in 804 S. School St and she was pronounced dead at 5:34 a.m. in Holy Family Hospital because of smoke inhalation.3. The lead in the following story is buried. Find the most important points of the story, and then rewrite the lead.After the bank officials reported more than $450,000 turned up missing, the FBI has been investigating on the city?s largest bank, the First National Bank, for the last 2 weeks, and as a result,late Wednesday, the bank president confirmed an officer of the bank who was cooperating with authorities had been fired in the embezzlement scheme.4.Punctuation and Capitalizationa. “A new football coach will be hired by Friday,” said Athletic director Cliff Gibson.b. “This is a Great Day for GENEV A .” said Mayor Johnson.c. According to Smith, there are several “First-Rate Prospects”: Charles Mays, ichard Kile, John Haring, and Stanley Kelly.d. The teacher asked, “What is the capital of Delaware?”e. John wondered why every teacher always expects us to know all the state capitals.f.“My professor quoted Benv olio from Romeo and Juliet who said, …Why，Romeo，art thou mad?? ”said Susan.g. “T he president will hold a press conference Thursday evening at 6 o?clock,”said Johnson.h. “The problem,”Smith said, “is that nobody seems to know what is happening.”i. Smith said：“Journalists often work long hours. However, the extra hours are worth it if a solid story can be gained. The best journalists are more than willing to take the extra time.”5. Read through the two versions of the action story and comment on the distinctive linguistic and stylistic features of each report.The first version: The title uses a simple statement sentence, and it tells the readers the result of the accident. So readers can know the story as soon as possible. The beginning of the news is used a summary lead, a long and complicated sentence, which gives an account of “what”, “when”, “who”, “where”and“why”. What?s more, the words are objective, the news tends to use long sentences and its structure is loose. The second version: The title uses a compound sentence, and they are capitalized. So it is good to attract the attention of readers and inspire the readers? interest to move on reading. Besides, the beginning of the news pays much attention to the astonished result of the accident. Last but not least, compared to the first version, the words used in the second news are more formal and it describes the same story more vividly and emotionally.6. Read through the running story reports from two different newspaper and comment on the distinctive features of each.The first passage: The headline uses a simple statement sentence. At the beginning of the news, the first two words are used in capital forms which can catch the attention of the readers. Furthermore, a lot of indirect quotations and passive voice has been used quite frequently in this passage. For example, “ (I)don?t think this is going to help, really,?a spokesman said.”, “His body was found on Saturday”. However, the news is too long for readers to spend too much time reading it to the end.The second passage: The headline is capitalized, so it can attract the readers?eyes and inspire readers? curiosity to go on reading. At the beginning of the news, the first word is also used in capital forms which can catch the attention of the readers. And the second passage is only a few lines long so that it is easy for readers to concentrate on it. Besides, punctuation is used sparingly in this passage. At last, the lexis are common and most of the sentence are compound sentences.。